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ATTENTION! The following header is not fully valid yet!
From: dl4mhk@lrz.uni-muenchen.de (Bernhard Hailer)
Newsgroups: de.alt.comm.isdn4linux,de.answers,news.answers
Subject: ISDN4linux-FAQ
Followup-To: de.alt.comm.isdn4linux
Summary: This posting describes what every reader of de.alt.comm.isdn4linux
ought to know about ISDN under Linux using isdn4linux.
This is an English translation of the original document, which is
in German, like the Newsgroup.
Archive-name: eng-i4l-faq
Posting-frequency: monthly
Last-modified: 18-Mar-97
URL: http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~ui161ab/www/isdn/
!1FAQ for isdn4linux - Version 1.3.2!br (translation 3-Oct-97)
[Translator's notes]!br
--5-May-97: Translation complete for 1.3.2 (except for the proofreading)! !br
--8-May-97: Added correction for Italy.!br
--25-May-97: Numerous corrections submitted by Paul Slootman!br
--27-May-97: Minor cleanup, noted additional countries!br
--27-Sep-97: Added more translator's notes for various countries and 2.0.30!br
--3-Oct-97: Added note for MSNs in the UK
This FAQ is protected by the GNU General Public License (GPL) Version 2;
(C) 1996 Volker Götz, Bernhard Hailer, Matthias Heßler, Michael Hipp and
Rainer May.!br
Distribution under the terms of the GPL is welcome. However,
we offer NO GUARANTEES for the information herein. Please read the GNU
General Public License for further details. A printed version is available
from !br
Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
An electronic version is available from the authors.!br
!br
Original FAQ by Volker Goetz <volker@oops.franken.de>, (c) 1995!br
Comprehensive edition and additions (1996, 1997):!br
Matthias Hessler <hessler@wi-inf.uni-essen.de>,!br
Bernhard Hailer <Bernhard.Hailer@lrz.uni-muenchen.de>,!br
Scott Hanson <shanson@shcon.com> (English translation),!br
Michael Hipp <Michael.Hipp@student.uni-tuebingen.de> (many syncPPP questions)!br
Rainer May <r_may@khavi.desaster.heide.de> (i4l and networks)!br
!br
English translation coordinated by Scott Hanson <shanson@shcon.com>
with contributions from:!br
Sven Tervoort <sveneric@xs4all.nl>!br
Matthias Hessler <hessler@wi-inf.uni-essen.de>!br
Erik Corry <erik@arbat.com> !br
Paul Slootman <paul@wau.mis.ah.nl>!br
!br
About the format of this FAQ:!br
The basis of this FAQ is the i4l mailing list. We checked the messages posted
to the list and included relevant messages (usually) in the form of quotes.
These quotes are not always 100% identical with the original; spelling errors
have been corrected, and some messages were translated from English into German.
Whoever notices that they have been incorrectly quoted, or would rather not have
their Email address noted, please let us know - we'll ... in the next version of
the FAQ. The same applies in cases where we have quoted someone without noting
it as such. The knowledge of the FAQ authors is noted without quoting ourselves.
Remarks from the FAQ authors about quotes are noted like this:
[This is a remark - Ed.]!br
The countless links in this documents are not always complete and with time may
no longer be correct. We do not have the time to check them all. If you
discover a bad link, please let us know.!br
In the 7bit version of this FAQ, all new or rewritten questions are marked with
a change bar in the left margin. (Does anyone have an idea, how we can mark this
in the HTML version?)!br
!br
Additions, improvements and other suggestions are always welcome (also
correction of typographical errors!), preferably send "diffs" from the ASCII
version to Matthias and Bernhard. Thank you very much in advance!!br
!br
This FAQ can be found at:!br
!link http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~ui161ab/www/isdn/;!br
or:!br
!link ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/isdn4linux/FAQ;!br
or:!br
!link ftp://ftp.pop.de/pub2/linux/isdn4linux/FAQ;!br
!br
!br
!2General information about isdn4linux
!old
Q: What is isdn4linux?
A: isdn4linux is a set of kernel modules that "teach" the Linux
kernel ISDN. It consists of a main module ("isdn") and the
actual hardware drivers that control the specific cards.
!old
Q: What can isdn4linux do?
A: isdn4linux controls ISDN PC cards and can emulate a modem with the
Hayes command set ("AT" commands). The possibilities range from
simply using a terminal program to connections via HDLC (using included
devices) to full connection to the Internet with PPP to audio applications.
Q: What can't isdn4linux do (yet)?
A: There is no !u1full duplex!u0 audio connection possible.
Some protocols are still missing (V.110, American protocols).
Q: Can I use isdn4linux in North America?
A: See this question in the section "National Peculiarities".
Q: What do I need for isdn4linux?
A: isdn4linux has been part of the Linux kernel since version 1.3.59.
In addition, you need the package isdn4k-utils-2.0.tar.gz and
possibly the HiSax driver.
!old
Q: How can I get isdn4linux?
A: Via FTP:!br
The package is at !link ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/isdn4linux; and various
mirrors.!br
Via Modem/ISDN:!br
From the Linux server of the Incubus BBS (Login gast,
cd /pub/linux/isdn4linux, download via ZModem with 'sz filename') .
The server can be reached at the following numbers
!verbon
+49 931 781464 Zyxel U-1496E V.32(bis), V.42(bis), Zyxel 19200
+49 931 781465 Atrie 1914A V.32(bis), V.42(bis), V32terbo
+49 931 781467 Atrie 1914A V.32(bis), V.42(bis), V32terbo
+49 931 781468 Atrie 1914A V.32(bis), V.42(bis), V32terbo
!verboff
New ringdown (16 Lines. First log in as 'bbs'):
!verbon
+49 931 79002055 Motorola 3400 V.32(bis), V.42(bis), V.34
!verboff
ISDN (also log in 'bbs') :
!verbon
+49 931 7840724 ICN X.75 2 B channels
+49 931 7841020 ICN X.75 2 B channels
+49 931 7841060 ICN X.75 2 B channels
+49 931 7841070 ICN X.75 2 B channels
+49 931 7841080 ICN X.75 2 B channels
!verboff
Here is a list of mirrors; thanks to Herbert Rosmanith
<herp@wildsau.idv-edu.uni-linz.ac.at> for compiling it initially. Whoever
knows of any mirrors not listed here, please let us know!
!verbon
!link ftp://freja.frontier.dk/linux/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de/pub/net/isdn/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/.mount2/pub/Linux/isdn/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.germany.eu.net/pub/os/Linux/Local.EUnet/ISDN/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.kiss.de/pub/linux/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/linux/isdn/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.lame.org/mirrors/isdn/;
!link ftp://ftp.mathematik.th-darmstadt.de/pub/linux/mirrors/misc/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.nvg.unit.no/pub/linux/isdn/;
!link ftp://ftp.pop.de/pub/local/linux/isdn/;
!link ftp://ftp.rz.fh-hannover.de/pub/linux/local/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.rz.hu-berlin.de:/pub/linux/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.tu-dresden.de/pub/soft/isdn/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.uni-mainz.de/pub/internet/starter-kit/isdn/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://ftp.xlink.net/pub/mirror.ftp.franken.de/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://fvkma.tu-graz.ac.at/pub/isdn4linux/;
!link ftp://wildsau.idv.uni-linz.ac.at/pub/isdn4linux/;
!verboff
!old
Q: What documents should I read first?
A:
!verbon
ISDN kernel subsystem:/usr/src/linux/Documentation/isdn/README
ISDN cards: /usr/src/linux/Documentation/isdn/README.<card>
Synchronous PPP: /usr/src/linux/Documentation/isdn/README.syncppp
/usr/src/linux/Documentation/isdn/README.syncPPP.FAQ
Voice capability: /usr/src/linux/Documentation/isdn/README.audio
ISDN Utilities: /usr/src/isdn4k-utils-<version>/README(.*)
Many of the utilities also have man pages!
In a Suse distribution the following information might also be
helpful:
Synchronous PPP: /usr/doc/faq/faq/PPP-FAQ
Email configuration: /usr/doc/howto/mini/Mail-Queue.gz
!verboff
Q: What helpful links are there about isdn4linux?
A: Scripts and installation tips from several people:!br
!link http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/~web/ISDN.html;!br
I4l, syncPPP, email, Usenet, Voicebox, this FAQ and more:!br
!link http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~ui161ab/www/isdn/;!br
Michael Hipp's page (ipppd):!br
!link http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~hipp/isdn/;!br
Chargeint instructions:!br
!link http://www.provi.de/~gvz/chargeint.html;!br
Stefan Nehlsen's instructions for syncPPP:!br
!link http://www.techfak.uni-kiel.de/~stn/i4l/;!br
xled (formerly xvboxled) is at:!br
!link fb4-1112.uni-muenster.de/pub/ffwd/;!br
Example configurations for isdn4linux are said to be at:!br
!link http://www.datenhighway.com/isdn4linux.html;!br
This FAQ along with isdn4linux is at:!br
!link ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/isdn4linux/;!br
This FAQ is also so:!br
!link ftp://ftp.pop.de/pub2/linux/isdn4linux/FAQ;
!old
Q: Is there a mailing list for isdn4linux?
A: Yes, there is. To subscribe, send an email message to
"majordomo@hub-wue.franken.de". The subject doesn't matter. The message
should read "subscribe isdn4linux <Email address>", where <Email
address> is the address to which mail from the list should be sent.
Currently there are about 20-50 messages per day.
!old
Q: How can I have myself removed from the mailing list?
A: To unsubscribe, send another email message to
majordomo@hub-wue.franken.de - the subject doesn't matter. The message
should read: "unsubscribe isdn4linux <Email address>", where
<Email address> is the address to which mail messages from the
mailing list had been sent.
Q: Is the mailing list mirrored to a newsgroup?
A: Yes, the mailing list can also be accessed at de.alt.comm.isdn4linux -
a bidirectional gateway makes sure that one can also answer postings.
!old
Q: Is there an archive of the isdn4linux mailing list?
A: Yes, the messages are saved (unsorted) at hub-wue.franken.de.
They are collected by month. To access the archive, send Email to
"majordomo@hub-wue.franken.de". The subject doesn't matter. The
following commands are possible:
!verbon
index isdn4linux - list which archive files are available
get isdn4linux <filename> - retrieves the file <filename>
!verboff
The archives are named "archiv.<year><month>, so "archiv.9610"
is the archive for October 1996.
An archive of the mailing list is also available via FTP:!br
!link
ftp://ftp.uni-oldenburg.de/pub/unix/linux/isdn/isdn4linux/Mailing-List;
Another archive is available (according to Sascha Ottolski
<sascha@alzhimer.isdn.cs.tu-berlin.de>) at:!br
!link http://wws.mathematik.hu-berlin.de/ldr/ISDN/isdn4linux/;
!old
Q: In which countries does isdn4linux work?
A: [Translator's note: I've made some additions to the original list.]!br
We are aware of the following countries:
!verbon
Austria
Belgium
Finland
France
Germany
Israel
Italy
Norway
Peru
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
The Netherlands
United Kingdom
USA
!verboff
[Translator's note: I've also seen messages on the mailing list from
isdn4linux users in Canada, Denmark, Hungary and Slovenia . I've also
seen mentions of isdn4linux from Australia, the Czech Republic and
Poland, but I'm not sure if it is actually in use in those countries.]
!old
Q: Is isdn4linux approved for use by the telecommunications authorities?
A: Germany:!br
That depends on the driver used. For active cards, the approval
covers the entire card including its firmware. Thus the approval
also covers the use of these cards with isdn4linux. The Teles driver
is not approved in Germany, even though it works superbly. Therefore,
its use is only allowed when connected to the S0 bus of an approved
PBX.!br
Other countries:!br
We don't have any information... does anyone know more?
!old
Q: What is the most recent version?
A: Currently isdn4k-utils-2.0 is required in addition to the drivers
included with the kernel. For use with kernel 2.0.0 (and only it),
two patches (isdn4kernel-2.0-patch1+2) are required. Kernel 2.0.2
is unusable because of a bug. Kernels between 2.0.15 and 2.0.24
don't seem to work correctly with syncPPP. 2.0.26 contained many
i4l bug fixes, but an include file (proto.h) was forgotten. A new
'jumbo patch' was included in version 2.0.30. Kernels 2.0.27+ are
very stable.!br
There are many changes in kernels 2.1.0 and higher; for now they
can only be recommended for developers. Together with HiSax 1.4,
they only work up to 2.1.14. Kernels 2.1.15 and higher require
HiSax 2.0 along with a necessary kernel patch.!br It's recommended
to use i4l versions 2.0 or higher together with a 2.0.3 or higher
kernel (no longer requires any patches!). Kernel >2.0.27 is the
current standard.
[Translator's note: Unfortunately the HiSax driver did not get
included in kernel 2.0.30, and the Teles driver no longer works with
this kernel. To use HiSax with 2.0.30, you need the patch
!link ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/isdn4linux/v2.0/isdn4kernel-2.0.30A.gz;
(or from one of the many isdn4linux mirrors). This patch is also
included in the kernel pre-patch-2.0.31 (which I've been using without
problems). The kernels provided with some distributions have the patch
already applied (for example Debian 1.3.x and Suse 5.0).]
Q: What hardware is !u1NOT!u0 supported?
A: For not (with the exception of ICN) no active ISDN cards are supported,
except the AVM B1, for which there an alpha driver as binary only.
Q: Does isdn4linux support external terminal adapters?
A: No, but it doesn't need to. Terminal adapters are designed to behave
either like a modem or like a network card. Linux already supports both
modems and network cards without isdn4linux - so no special ISDN driver
is necessary (which usually greatly simplifies the configuration),
!old
Q: Which internal cards are supported?
A: Right now there is a driver for all card with a certain Siemens
chip set (HiSax driver), that also supports Plug&Play cards. See
the next question for details.!br
The HiSax driver has superseded has the old Teles driver, which is
therefore is not being further developed. For this reason, the
Teles driver has many more bugs and should not be used any
longer.!br
Further drivers includes that for the (active) ICN card
(ICN driver), as well as that for the PCbit card (Octal,
Portugal).!br
There used to be a (special) driver for the ITK ix1 micro" from
Frank Mohr <mohr@fhdacom2.fhrz.fh-darmstadt.de>, but that is not
included in HiSax 2.0. It supports the following cards:
!verbon
* ITK ix1 micro V2.0 and V2.1
* Cisco 200
* ITK Columbus
!verboff
Finally there is also a (alpha) driver for the active AVM B1,
with its own peculiarities. See the question "What about the active AVM B1?".
!old
Q: What is the new HiSax driver all about?
A: It is a new driver that should support all passive cards that are based on a
certain Siemens chip set. Currently it supports:
!verbon
* Teles S0-8
* Teles S0-16 and S0-16.2
(identical to: Dr. Neuhaus Niccy 1016, Creatix 16/S0)
* Teles S0-16.3
* Teles S0-16.3 PNP
* Teles PCMCIA
* Creatix S0 PNP
* AVM A1 (Fritz!)
* ELSA Microlink PCC-16
* ELSA Microlink PCF
* ELSA Microlink PCF/pro (only ISDN, not the V34 Modem Chip)
* ITK ix1-micro Rev.2
!verboff
The ELSA PCC-8 should really also be supported, but without the chance
to debug there remains a bug that prevents this.
Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 14 Oct 1996:
!verbon
The first goal of the HiSax driver was to add support for more ISDN
cards to i4l, and this goal remains. Secondly, it should be as simple
as possible to configure and not appear to work when there is a
hardware problem (IRQ, reset problems with Teles). I can't fix the
hardware problems directly, but driver will not load if such problems
appear. Third (this part has just now begun) is to fully rewrite the
state machines into a complete DSS1 or 1TR6 that could be approved
(which doesn't mean that I personally can or want to obtain approval).
In addition, if possible I'd like to support US ISDN protocols, so
that i4l can be used outside of Europe. Also, further l2/l3 protocols
should be added (e.g. V110), leased line support.... a lot of work,
that I'm sure I cannot do alone. Anyone with any knowledge of
programming and ISDN (I myself first heard of ISDN in January, and my
work has nothing to do with ISDN... I learned everything on my own
time), and anyone who wants to help can contact me.
!verboff
If you're interested in HiSax, you can find it at
!link ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/isdn4linux/HiSax/;
(and hopefully soon at all isdn4linux mirrors!)
Since HiSax 1.5/2.0 D64 connections are supported. HiSax 2.0 will become
part of kernel 2.0.30 , and then will no longer need special patches.
Q: What about the active AVM B1?
A: Andreas Schultz <aschultz@hppool.cs.Uni-Magdeburg.de> has written a driver,
that can be found (as an alpha version at:
!link http://www.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/~aschultz/avmb1-1.2-alpha.tar.gz;
Because he had to sign an NDA, the driver is available only as a binary.
Q: Now that my AVM produces so many interrupts with the HiSax driver,
which is the best passive card to use with HiSax?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 12. Nov 1996:!br
It shouldn't make that much difference. As for the load on the system, the
Fritz! is probably the worst in the long run [see also the question
"My AVM card produces very many interrupts" in HiSax part if the
Troubleshooting section], but maybe I can get that right with the timer,
since that's only noticeable when, for example, the system busy with
rendering for an entire night.!br
Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote further on 2. Dec 1996
on stability and lack of bugs:
!verbon
1st choice ELSA
ELSA (as opposed to AVM) makes the specifications available.
2nd choice Creatix PNP
Creatix employees are also not completely negative towards Linux ;-).
By the way, this card has been developed by Creatix and
is not identical to the Teles 16.3 PNP.
!verboff
!old
Q: Does isdn4linux support external ISDN adapters?
A: No, isdn4linux supports only internal cards. External ISDN adapters
can be accessed either like an analog modem or like a network card, and
therefore do not need isdn4linux.
!old
Q: Which ISDN modes are supported?
A:
!verbon
56k asynchronous : no
64k synchronous : yes
128k synchronous : yes (channel bundling - see the next question)
!verboff
Q: Does isdn4linux support channel bundling?
A: The current version of isdn4linux support 2 methods of channel
bundling:!br
- !b1MPPP!b0 (based on sync PPP)!br
- !b1Raw bundling!b0 (configured by so-called slave channels)!br
Both variants have their own advantages and disadvantages See the question "
How do I use channel bundling?" in the "Channel bundling" section below.!br
Warning: Channel bundling saves time, but not any telephone charges.
Only if you really need the extra bandwidth is it useful.
!old
Q: What is the difference between an active and a passive ISDN card?
A: An active ISDN card handles most of the ISDN connection protocols
(dialing, accepting calls, etc.) itself. The card includes a kind
of minicomputer with its own
software (firmware). With a passive card, the computer in which
the card is installed has to perform these functions.
!old
Q: Are there sites that offer guest access where I can test my
isdn4linux setup?
A: Yes, the following sites offer guest access for modem emulation or IP:!br
- Eberhard Moenkeberg <emoenke@gwdg.de>:
!verbon
* Welcome to Linux at eberhard.moenkeberg.de (LAN, 192.168.99.1).
Under ++49-551-7704103, ISDN NetCalls (HDLC-trans-rawip)
for 192.168.99.1 get accepted. You should come as 192.168.*.*
because sometimes my "default" route is not your way.
/ftp is exported for NFS; try "showmount -e".
You can login as "guest" without password.
FTP as "gast" with password "gast" avoids the restricted shell.
* Under ++49-551-7704102, a 28800 bps modem and a Creatix ISDN
card (HDLC only, not X.75) are listening for logins.
!verboff
With the net setup from!br
!link ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/isdn/isdn4linux-gwdg/rc.isdn-Beispiel;!br
you can test NetCall at 551-7704103 (works as is within Germany,
from outside Germany you just have to change the number).!br
- Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de>:
!verbon
There's a "gast" at +49 30 67 19 81 01 (X.75, mgetty). There's the
stones-html-page with pics in postscript to test downloading. Whoever
needs a target to call can use it. At ...81 03 there's a getty with
HDLC. As guest you enter a kind of BBS and can read some news.
!verboff
!old
Q: Can I combine isdn4linux with diald?
A: Yes, see the "Diald" part of the "Configuration" section.
!old
Q: Can I use isdn4linux as an answering machine?
A: Yes, voice support is possible with the current version of isdn4linux.
You can either use "vgetty" from Gert Doerings "mgetty+sendfax",
or "vboxgetty" from Michael Herold, which is made especially for
isdn4linux.
The latter can be found at:
!link ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/isdn4linux/contributions/
Q: Can I fax with isdn4linux?
A: Several groups are working on fax software
that will work together with isdn4linux. At the moment, it looks like
it will never work... because timing is critical
for fax software, and Linux doesn't yet have a real time environment.
If you do want to fax, you'll have to install an analog fax modem
along with your ISDN card.
!old
Q: Is videotex/Btx/Datex-J possible with isdn4linux?
A: Yes, it works with the modem emulation with the ttyI* devices. There is
a special register to set for videotex (ATSx=y - see the Readme's)
It's also possible to access the Internet via the German T-Online.
Warning! XCept (formerly Xbtx) has an ISDN configuration option. This
should NOT be used. XCept should be configured as if a normal modem
were being used.!br
See also the questions about T-Online in the "Configuration" section.
Q: Can I connect to Compuserve with isdn4linux?
A: No, because Compuserve's ISDN dialin works only with the old V.110
protocol. V.110 is not (yet) implemented in isdn4linux. In the meantime,
Compuserve offers several X.75 numbers.
Q: Which ISDN features can not be offered by isdn4linux?
A: Some ISDN features are device-specific and cannot be activated by
isdn4linux for other devices, unless isdn4linux were to falsify
the TEI (which would probably confuse the other device).
Such device-specific ISDN features are, among others: rejection of a
waiting call, caller id on/off, hold, conference calls,
call forwarding, differing COLP/CLRP.
!old
Q: I'd like to write a new hardware driver. Where can I find a description
of the interfaces to the link level module?
A: In the kernel source (in /usr/src/linux/Documentation/isdn) you can find
the file INTERFACE - it is the description of the interfaces to the link
level module.
Q: How can I access the source from the current development/what is the
CVS tree all about?
A: CVS - Concurrent Version System!br
This is a multiuser/server extension to RCS (Revision Control System).
The I4L drivers are developed under CVS, and there exists on server
(oldhades.think.de) a CVS tree to which all developers have access.
In addition, Fritz has put together an anonymous read-only access. If you
must have the very newest versions, you can get them there, however they
may contain more bugs than the released versions!!!
Here is the message from Fritz Elfert <fritz@wuemaus.franken.de>
about this:!br
ANOTHER IMPORTANT THING:!br
I often get patches - against current official releases of course -
where i have problems applying them. My local source here
sometimes is 2 or 3 version ahead however i cannot release it, since
it is incomplete or completely untested etc.!br
Therefore i now decided to make the CVS repository of the isdn4linux
public available. Now, programmers who want to have a look at the
development ongoing or those who always want to get the newest stuff
here is how to access the CVS repository:!br
1. Install GNU CVS (any version >= 1.6 will do)!br
2. create a small shellscript .cvsrsh in your homedir:!br
!verbon
#!/bin/sh
exec rsh -l guest $*
!verboff
3. Set CVS_RSH to this script (e.g.: export CVS_RSH=~/.cvsrsh)!br
4. Set CVS_ROOT to oldhades.think.de:/i4ldev!br
(e.g.: export CVS_ROOT=oldhades.think.de:/i4ldev)!br
5. Execute "cvs -z9 checkout isdn"!br
-> This will create a directory tree isdn/ in your current directory.!br
Below isdn/ you will find the same hierarchy like in the linux
source plus some scripts to copy/diff the stuff into the linux
source tree.!br
Similar access is available for the utility package with the command:!br
!verbon
cvs -z9 checkout isdn4k-utils
!verboff
WATCH OUT!!! THE NEWEST STUFF SOMETIMES IS REALLY INSTABLE OR EVEN
DOES NOT COMPILE WITHOUT PROGRAMMING KNOWLEDGE -
No newbies questions on this PLEASE! Use the source, Luke!!br
Note:!br
Of course the public access is readonly. Access is limited
to the following cvs commands:!br
!verbon
checkout
diff
export
status
update
!verboff
See the CVS-doc for how to use these commands.!br
People who want to help _continuously_ developing isdn4linux by writing
new driver etc. can get a real account for full access. Write me a mail in
this case.
!old
Q: Can I use isdn4linux under dosemu?
A: Yes, you really can! Steffan Henke <henker@informatik.uni-bremen.de>
wrote on 25 Oct 96:
!verbon
In dosemu.conf it is enough to enter a virtual com port,
(for example com2) that can be used with e.g. Telix or
Terminate: serial { com 2 device /dev/ttyI3 }
Access with Fossil is possible if fossil.com (included with
dosemu) is started. Tested with the following configurations:
- Kernel 2.0.21, Teles driver incl. Karsten's patches
- Kernel 2.0.21, HiSax
!verboff
Q: Is there a working ISDN card for a DEC Alpha with Linux?
A: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> wrote on 17 Dec 1996:!br
I use an ICN ISDN card in my Alpha Noname for
Internet access and mail/news via UUCP.!br
I don't have a passive ISDN card to test HiSax with Linux/Alpha . There
are problems with the timers (HZ is 1024 on the Alpha). Even the
ICN driver has the "wrong" Timer, which causes a little too much poling of
the card (but leads to better ping times:-)). I suspect that this can be
fixed in time.
Q: Can isdn4linux run in parallel to UISDN?
A: Nils Rennebarth <nils@nus.de> wrote on 10 Dec 1996:
!verbon
They run parallel. And they run under 2.0.X.
Both ISDN packages load the module isdn.o, otherwise the naming conventions
are different. Tip: rename Urlichs isdn.o to uisdn.o ,
and change lib/modules/modules.isdn (or whatever the file is called
that lists the modules and is read by the script) accordingly.
Happily the default names of the ISDN devices are also different.
!verboff
Q: What are AOC-x, CLIR, COLP, CVS, HDLC, HSCX, ISAC, TEI...?
A: Here is a small glossary:!br
!b1AOC-D!b0
!verbon
"Advice Of Charge During the Call".
!verboff
!b1AOC-E (Advice of Charge at the End of the Call)!b0
!verbon
"Advice of Charge at the End of the Call". In Germany, this service
is included in the "Komfort" connection.
!verboff
!b1CLIR (Calling Line Identification Restriction)!b0
!verbon
CLIR (Calling Line Identification Restriction) can be offered by
the ISDN provider: one can (from call to call) restrict the identification
of one's own caller ID to the other party. In Germany, this must be applied
for but is without charge (however call by call !i1transmission!i0 of the
caller ID costs extra).
!verboff
!b1COLP (Connected Line Identification Presentation)!b0
!verbon
COLP can also be offered by the ISDN provider. In Germany, it must be
applied for, and costs an extra 10.-- DM per month. If you've applied
for COLP, you get an extended dialing protocol that, for example, can be
evaluated in the PBX. Current the possibility is being worked on to get
around this with the help of a backwards-connected Teles card. One could
then get more information than with a running COLP without using any units.
That could quickly pay off...
!verboff
!b1CVS Tree!b0
!verbon
The i4l developers have formed a team. The tool "CVS" allows the members
to easily make patches. The history of the project is also thereby
documented, and it is also not difficult to reproduce older versions.
!verboff
!b1HDLC!b0
!verbon
A widely used low-level protocol.
!verboff
!b1HSCX!b0
!verbon
A Siemens chip, that similar to ISAC is on many passive cards.
It takes over the serial bus from ISAC and demultiplexes when
receiving or multiplexes (i.e. inserts the bits in the correct
position) the B channels.
!verboff
!b1ISAC!b0
!verbon
A Siemens chip, that similar to HSCX is on many passive cards.
Et is responsible for "Level 1", so it sits (almost) directly on
the line. It handles the D channel protocol and sends the
S0 data to a special serial bus (IOM). When sending it does the
opposite.
!verboff
!b1TEI!b0 (Terminal End Identifier)
!verbon
The local switching station, or with an internal S0 the PBX, automatically
or permanently assigns each end device a TEI. This simply allows
the addressing of the D channels. TEIs have the following values:
0- 63 permanent TEIs (e.g. 0 is used for PBX connections)
64-126 automatically assigned
127 call for all (e.g. an incoming call)
!verboff
!b1PBX!b0 (Private Branch eXchange)
!verbon
A PBX is used to connect different internal devices to the
ISDN network. This is usually for analog devices.
that cannot be directly connected to an ISDN network.
The PBX can also make an internal digital S0 bus available,
on which ISDN devices can be connected.
!verboff
!2Configuration
!3General
!old
Q: Where can I find scripts and other information on configuring i4l?
A: Configuration examples and scripts: !br
!link http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/~web/ISDN.html;!br
Many HowTo's on basic installation, syncPPP, Email setup,
Usenet News, answering machine, and more:!br
!link http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~ui161ab/www/isdn/;!br
Further FAQs with example scripts:!br
!link http://www.fzi.de/sim/people/trautw/i4l/index.html;
!old
Q: How many ISDN cards can I stuff into my computer?
A: Just as many as there are ISA slots and interrupts/IO addresses.
The Teles 16.3 can use only 3 different IO addresses, therefore you can
use at most 3 cards. They each would also need an interrupt.!br
Peter Strunk <webadmin@mail.bicos.de> gave the following tip on 8 Nov 1996
for installing a fourth Teles card:
!verbon
Try out port 0x080h, DIP-SW in the undocumented
position!
!verboff
The AVM is similar.!br
The ICN has no interrupts, a more flexible port configuration
and the driver places the shared memory area of all ICN cards at the same
address. The card memory is shown only as needed. !br
Therefore, one could use as many cards are there are slots... one
could even increase the number of ISA slots with an ISA bus
extender.
Q: Do I need a DOS setup program to setup my Teles card?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 21 Feb 1997:!br
You don't need a DOS setup for Linux, with one exception:!br
Teles once offered a Charge PnP card that did not do PnP correctly.
These card can be recognized in that the have NO jumper/dip switch, but are not
recognized by isapnp .!br
All other cards are configured with the Linux drivers or with isapnp
!old
Q: Does the driver support "dial on demand"?
A: Yes. If a network interface (e.g. "isdn0") is set up, the driver will dial
the number. If in addition a hangup timeout (Idle Timeout) has been given,
isdnctrl huptime <interfaceY> time, then the driver will automatically hang
up when no data was been transferred over the interface for "time" seconds.
However, with syncPPP there are problems (see the syncPPP section),
Q: Does isdn4linux support PNP (Plug and Play)?
A: Yes, but only with the HiSax driver. With "Plug" alone
it's unfortunately not yet ready, more work is necessary: (from
Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de>)
!verbon
1. HiSax has to be patched into the kernel
(Attention: use the "-pn" parameter!)
2. With "make menuconfig" (or "make config") set the following
kernel options :
* ISDN = "M" (as module - otherwise PNP doesn't work!)
* HiSax = "M" (as module - otherwise PNP doesn't work!)
* 16.3/PNP support
* EURO support
3. Compile and install kernel and modules, depmod. (Reboot!)
4. Read the configuration of the PNP card with:
"pnpdump > /etc/isapnp.conf".
5. The configuration file "/etc/isapnp.conf" has to be set by hand.
Set the following values:
INT0 - the interrupt used by the card
(Default for Teles 16.3 PNP: 10)
IO0, IO1 - the IO ports used by the card
(Default for Teles 16.3 PNP: 0x580 and 0x180)
(Attention: these values must be 64-bit aligned! Early
versions of the PNP cards my suggest incorrect values!)
6. Activate the configuration with:
"isapnp /etc/isapnp.conf"
(must be started at every boot)
7. Now the HiSax module can be started with:
"modprobe hisax io=4,<P>,<INT>,<IO0>,<IO1>"
4 - PNP card
<P> - Protocol:
2 - for Euro-ISDN (normally)
1 - for 1TR6-ISDN (German predecessor to Euro-ISDN)
<INT> - the value in etc/isapnp.conf for INT0
<IO0> - the value in etc/isapnp.conf for IO0
<IO1> - the value in etc/isapnp.conf for IO1
!verboff
!old
Q: Is there a trick to sometimes boot Linux with ISDN and sometimes
without?
A: Yes, you can use the run level for this (under SysVinit).
Emil Stephan <ste@esqhen.su.eunet.de> has written scripts:
!verbon
On my computer I've defined 2 run levels (3 and 4), 3 runs without ISDN,
4 with. If I want to quit ISDN with all the associated processes like
ipppd, isdnlog and mgetty, as root I enter "init 3"; and to start "init
4". init then makes sure with "/sbin/init.d/i4l start" or
"... stop" that the necessary things are done.
!verboff
!old
Q: Is it possible to initiate call forwarding with i4l?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote that there are plans
to later implement this in the HiSax driver.
!old
Q: Has anybody routed ipx/spx over ISDN with Linux?
A: Andreas Kool <akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de> wrote on 14.10.1996:
!verbon
That's no problem - we've done that for a while now.
- Simply set up an ISDN interface.
- Important: encap isdnX ethernet
The rest is done by "mars_nwe" (incl. routing).
!verboff
!old
Q: Can I use kerneld to load the ISDN modules in the kernel as needed?
A: Emil Stephan <ste@esqhen.su.eunet.de> wrote on 15 October 1996:
!verbon
By default, kerneld unloads a module after it has not been needed for one
minute. This is no problem for device drivers ala floppy, etc., but it is
a problem for drivers that need to keep settings over a longer period
of time, e.g. the mixer settings for a sound card or the configuration of
dialin and dialout parameters for ISDN. Unloading the ISDN drivers also
kills the IP interface ippp0 or isdn0. The entries in the IP layer of the
kernel then disappear. If you look in the start-up scripts for i4l,
you'll a lot of things that are configured with isdnctrl, etc.; they
would have to be reconfigured by kerneld each time the module is
reloaded. The status of the D channel could also be lost. Therefore, my
recommendation is not to use kerneld, rather load the modules at start-up
and only unload if necessary for some technical reason.
!verboff
See also the question "Is there are trick to sometimes boot Linux with ISDN
and sometimes without?".!br
Markus Gutschke <gutschk@uni-muenster.de> wrote:
!verbon
For some time now there has been an extension to the modules package just
for this purpose; it allows the installation of a databank with the
current status of the modules. Unfortunately, this feature usually not
supported by the modules. An alternative are such options as the
"post-install" hook in "/etc/conf.modules". It would then be necessary to
write the appropriate scripts by hand, but in principle that would work
just as well as the modules automatically using the initializations
settings from a database.
!verboff
Q: How can I get a tcpdump patched for ISDN?
A: Michael Stiller <michael@toyland.ping.de> wrote on 23 Oct 1996:!br
Tip for ftp:!br
!link ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/misc/isdn/linux/isdn4linux-gwdg;!br
There is the patch: "tcpdump-3.0.4-1-isdn.dif.gz"!br
and the rest is at:!br
!link /pub/linux/mirrors/funet/PEOPLE/Linus/net-source/tools/tcpdump-3.0.4-1.tar.gz;!br
You might need to hack some, depending on the name of your ISDN interface
(mine is bri0). By default, it recognizes only isdn* and isdnY* as
interface names.!br
Henning Schmiedehausen <henning@pong.iconsult.com> further wrote on
30 Oct 1996:
!verbon
After finding the patch from Eberhard Moenkeberg at ftp.gwdg.de cannot
dump cisco HDLC, I made my own patch for
tcpdump-3.0.4 that asks the interface which
encapsulation it used and sets itself accordingly. The patch is
against a tcpdump-3.0.4-1.tar.gz distribution, for example at
!link ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/tools;.
This patch recognizes rawIP, ISDN-IP and CISCO-HDLC and can
dump these packets.
!verboff
[The patch was attached to the message - it should be easy to find in the
mailing list archive - Ed.]!br
Sascha Ottolski <sascha@alzhimer.isdn.cs.tu-berlin.de> gave the following
tip on 5 Nov 1996:
!verbon
This is a isdn4k-utils-2.0/tcpdump-3.0.3-isdn.diff ! It work,
if one makes some changes:
In the file tcpdump-3.0.3-isdn/libpcap-0.0/pcap-linux.c after patching
you find the following:
else if (strncmp("ppp", device, 3) == 0)
Either you name your ppp devices pppX instead of ipppX, or
change this line, e.g.
else if (strncmp("ippp", device, 4) == 0)
^^^^ ^^
Then tcpdump will also recognize syncPPP. At least it does for me.
!verboff
Q: How can I set up user permissions for the use of ISDN?
A: Henner Eisen <eis@baty.hanse.de> wrote on 13 Feb 1997:
Access to isdn-ttys can be restricted (following the Unix philosophy)
be establishing a group (e.g. 'isdn') in /etc/group, and then
!verbon
chgrp isdn /dev/ttyI* /dev/cui*
chmod o-rw /dev/ttyI* /dev/cui*
!verboff
Then all users not in the group 'isdn' have no reading or writing
privileges for the ISDN ttys. Those allowed to use ISDN have to be
explicitly added to the group 'isdn'.
!3MSN
Q: What is an MSN?
A: Unlike a normal telephone connection, an ISDN connection can have more
than one telephone number - each of these is called an MSN. MSN is an
abbreviation for Multiple Subscriber Number.
Q: What is an EAZ?
A: This is a German name for an MSN. In Germany, EAZ and MSN are used
as synonyms, though in theory one ought to differentiate according
to the protocol used. That which is called MSN in the Euro-ISDN
protocol was called EAZ in the German 1TR6-ISDN protocol (a German
predecessor to Euro-ISDN).
Q: How many MSNs do I need if I want to do the following:
!verbon
* Telephone
* Analogue modem (used for data, fax or voice mailbox)
* Dialin for X.75 (modem emulation)
* Dialin for syncPPP
!verboff
A: One!!!!br
The two different types of dialin can be recognized using the
'Service Recognition' code ("digital, data"). If correctly configured,
the two different types of dialin can also be differentiated (see the
question "Can I use just !u1one!u0 MSN both for customers that need a
getty (modem emulation) and also for customers that need a direct network
connection?" in the section "Dialin").!br
On the subject of the parallel use of both telephone and analogue modem,
Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> had the following tip (Dec. 11
1996):!br
Configure fax-getty for 10 rings. If you take the phone and hear a fax
or modem, you send a USR1 signal (kill -USR1 mgetty-pid) to mgetty, and
it will take the call.!br
If your phone socket is correctly wired, the modem will take over the
connection, cutting off the phone (e.g. a TAE NDN socket and the original
cables. If your modem has a dial-blocker, that may get in the way, unless
you know the code to switch it off).!br
[With a suitable modem, mgetty can work as answering machine, and fax
machine and data modem - Ed.]!br
Or: if you have an ISDN PABX that allows call forwarding. You can
even daisy-chain these if you run out of analogue ports.!br
[Despite this, you will find life simpler if you can give the
telephone and modem separate MSNs (the ideal solution if you have
at least 2 MSNs) - Ed.]
Q: What is my MSN?
A: Your telephone company will tell you your MSN. It is your own telephone
number. The following questions, together with the chapter on national
peculiarities deal with the finer points of MSNs under isdn4linux.
Q: How do I tell the modem emulation what my MSN is?
A: For the modem emulation you use the command AT&E<msn>, which requires
the MSN !u1without the area code!u0 (except in the Netherlands).!br
Q: How do I configure my MSN using syncPPP?
A: The MSN for network operation is set up with the command "isdnctrl msn
<interface>". The MSN is given !u1without the area code!u0 (except in
the Netherlands).
Q: Where should I configure my own MSN in order to test syncPPP by calling
myself?
A: If you want to call yourself as a test then you have to configure
your MSN both as the outgoing and the incoming number.!br
The configuration of the !i1outgoing!i0 number is done with
"isdnctrl addphone <interface> out <msn>". You must use the MSN
!u1including area code!u0 (including the "0" at the start -
Deutsche Telekom needs this in order to dial correctly). "isdnctrl
delphone" is used similarly.!br
The configuration of the !i1incoming!i0 number is done with "isdnctrl
addphone <interface> in <msn>". The MSN must be entered in the form
in which it is transmitted to the called party. For Deutsche Telekom,
this is the MSN !u1including the area code!u0 but !u1without!u0 the
"0" at the start. "isdnctrl delphone" works similarly.!br
You may find national differences here (see the chapter "National
Peculiarities"). See also the following question in case of doubt.
Q: How can I find out how my telephone number is transmitted to the
calling party?
A: The transmitted MSN can simply be determined, by calling yourself
(for example by telephone). In the log files you will find the
entry that looks like: "isdn_tty: call from XXX -> YYY ignored"
(in order for this to work, you must of course already have the ISDN
drivers in your kernel and active).
Q: Can I do the following on *THE SAME* MSN:
!verbon
- Telephony (voice)
- VBOX (voice, of course)
- X.75 login (mgetty, /dev/ttyI?)
- IP interface for IP connections to other computers?
!verboff
A: Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> wrote on this subject Dec. 4
1996:!br
Yes. However, IP dialin cannot be differentiated from X.75
dialin, so you are either restricted to dialout, or you must enter
the MSN of the other party and set secure to on. Then the driver will
start by asking the net interfaces, and if none match, the call will
be handed on to the ttyIs. If someone wants to have the choice between
calling you with X.75 or with IP, they will have to use different
outgoing MSNs to call you from.
Q: How can I minimize the number of MSNs needed for dialin?
A: See the question in the chapter on dialin.
Q: How do I set the MSN in a Cisco?
A: With "isdn answer1 :<msn>" (or answer2). E.g. "isdn answer1 :12345" will
set the MSN to 12345.
Q: Why don't I always receive from the German Telekom the number of a
caller ("Caller ID")?
A: For data privacy reasons, telephone numbers from the analog network
are are transmitted unless the caller has explicitly allowed the Telekom
to do so (costs nothing) and is connected to a digital switching
office!br
Those with an ISDN connection, on the other hand, must explicitly
deny permission for the Telekom to transmit the number, or apply to
be able to do this on a call-by-call basis [CLIR]. Call-by-call
denial is free; call-by-call transmission costs extra. However, it
seems to be !u1very!u0 difficult for the Telekom to configure this
correctly on the first try. If you depend on the transmission of
Caller ID, you should check closely that everything is configured
correctly.
Q: Do I receive the Caller ID from foreign calls (German Telekom)?
A: Yes, with calls from countries that don't view Caller ID quite as strictly
as does Germany (e.g. USA, Canada).
Q: I've heard that actually two Caller IDs are transmitted?
A: That's right, there's one that is "User-Provided, not screened", and the
other is "Network-Provided" (from the telephone company).!br
Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> wrote on 15 Dec 1996:
!verbon
The first comes from the PBX and is not checked.
The second is that assigned by the Telekom.
Here I had calls where a Siemens employee from Munich called
in with a long Caller ID with a Berlin area code (030).
I called the Telekom to ask what was going on; they didn't know
either until they found somewhat competent who told me that
it's allowed.
!verboff
About "no screening" wrote Ralf G. R. Bergs
<rabe@Informatik.RWTH-Aachen.de> on 16 Dec 1996:
!verbon
"CLIP no screening". The caller has the feature (which costs extra
and is only available with the "Komfort" PBX connection(!)),
that allows him to transmit any Caller ID he chooses.
!verboff
!3Teles driver
!old
Q: I use SETUP.EXE under DOS, to configure my Teles/Creatix with memory
xxxxx and IRQ yy. How do I do this under isdn4linux?
A: You can enter do this by entering the correct kernel options at boot.
It is not recommended that you compile them into the kernel, however i
may be necessary in some cases when software conflicts occur or if you
have several Teles cards in one machine. In this case you should edit
"/usr/src/linux/drivers/isdn/teles/config.c" to reflect the correct
settings for your card(s). (read comments in that file)
Q: I'm confused: according to the documentation, my Teles card is
configured for IO address 0x180. In Linux (and also in some Windows
programs) the address is shown as 0xd80?
A: The card uses both IO addresses! Karsten Keil
<keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 3 Jan 1997:
!verbon
The addresses actually used are:
isac 980
hscx 180/580
cfg d80
The confusion is the result of a misunderstanding. Teles gives the
HSCX0 address as a reference, while the old Teles driver needs the
cfg address. Since users were confused by this, both driver can
now use either address (which confuses the users even further ;-))
!verboff
!old
Q: When compiling the Teles driver I get an error similar to: too many
arguments to function '_get_free_pages_R5243d78b'?
A: From a certain kernel in 1.3.x the calling of kernel function
get_free_pages was changed. You are using an old kernel. In this case
you should the following line in teles/teles.h
!verbon
#define NEW_GET_FREE_PAGES
!verboff
comment out
!verbon
/* #define NEW_GET_FREE_PAGES */
!verboff
!old
Q: I'm using kernel 1.3.x, the Teles driver compiles fine, all the
correct parameters are set in config.c, but the card still won't work.
A: From a certain kernel in 1.3.x the timer was altered. You should comment
out the #define NEW_TIMERS line in teles/teles.h.
!verbon
/* #define NEW_TIMERS */
!verboff
!old
Q: Is it possible to have more than 1 Teles card in one computer?
A: Yes, it is. All the parameters should be entered in teles/config.c.
!verbon
struct IsdnCard cards[]={
{ (byte *)0xd0000,11,0xd00,NULL } ,
/* 1. Karte */ { (byte *)0xd8000,10,0xe80,NULL } ,
/* 2. Karte */ ...
/* u.s.w. */
};
!verboff
On 6-10-1996 Christian Kratzer <ck@toplink.net> suggested
(lines beginning with "io=" belong at the end of the previous line):
!verbon
# load modules
/sbin/modprobe isdn.o
echo "teles0 - Teles S0/16.2"
/sbin/insmod $MODPATH/misc/teles.o -o teles0 teles_id=teles0
io=0xd0000,5,0xd80,2
echo "teles1 - Teles S0/16.2"
/sbin/insmod $MODPATH/misc/teles.o -o teles1 teles_id=teles1
io=0xd2000,9,0xe80,2
echo "teles2 - Teles S0/16.2"
/sbin/insmod $MODPATH/misc/teles.o -o teles2 teles_id=teles2
io=0xd4000,12,0xf80,2
/sbin/lsmod | grep teles > /dev/null
!verboff
!old
Q: How can I tell whether or not my Teles card is recognized correctly?
A: During booting a message "kernel: HSCX version A:5 B:5" and "kernel:
channels 2" should appear. A:4 B:4 is also okay. Other values
(in particular A:0 B:0 or A:f B:f) mean the card is not recognized
correctly.!br
Also check under Troubleshooting Teles.
Q: Where can I send complaints to Teles?
A: At the Email address "vertrieb@teles.de". They also have
WWW pages: !link http://www.teles.de/;!br
Karl Heinz Kremer <khk@specht.stuttgart.netsurf.de> added
on 2 Jan 1997:
!verbon
If you want to read more about Teles's business practices, look at
!link http://www.inx.de/~chris/isdn.htm;
!verboff
!3HiSax driver
!old
Q: Where can I find the HiSax driver?
A: At ftp.franken.de /pub/isdn4linux/HiSax.
!old
Q: Which version is current?
A: Version 1.4.
!old
Q: How is HiSax better as the original Teles driver?
A: Karsten wrote to the FAQ team on 14.Oct.96:
!verbon
HiSax checks the hardware and the behavior of the IRQ, so that the
driver will only be loaded if it can access the register and the
interrupts can be generated.
THEREFORE:
loading twice is taken care of
HSCX version 0 or F is taken care of
BUSY with minicom only if :
* REALLY BUSY
* no MSN/EAZ
* cable/line problems
!verboff
So, isn't that something?
!old
Q: How do I install HiSax?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> described like this:
!verbon
It can never hurt to first backup the original kernel sources.
Then go to /usr/src/linux (where the current source should be.
The patch itself:
zcat HiSax_1.1.patch.gz |patch -p1 >& /tmp/HiSax.log
The -p1 is very important, otherwise all files will end up in new
directories under /usr/src/linux.
Then look at /tmp/HiSax.log for errors/warnings/rejects, if there are
any then look at those files and correct by hand, if necessary.
!verboff
Uwe Bonnes <bon@elektron.ikp.physik.th-darmstadt.de> added:
!verbon
If you have Gnu Patch, you can also use "... |patch -s -p1 ". Then
_only_ the errors will be reported. If you want a log, you can also
"... |patch -s -p1 | tee /tmp/HiSax.log". Then you get a logfile in
addition to the screen output.
!verboff
Notice: In the meantime there are newer versions of HiSax.
!old
Q: Are there patches to the HiSax driver?
A: Yes. Karsten <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 15.10.96:
!verbon
The patches (until the next version) will be "numbered" with letters
and be available via FTP.
!verboff
FTP here means ftp.franken.de /pub/isdn4linux/HiSax
!old
Q: What does the remark: "Known Bugs: incoming calls are only
delivered, if channel == B-channel (same on teles)" mean?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 14.10.1996:
!verbon
1. The above statement is not quite correct:
if ((channel &1)+1 == B-channel )
2. I described the bug the other way around: if B channel 1 is
being used by another ISDN device and i4l dials out, then the
logical channel 0 from the VST is assigned B channel 2 ---> OK
The other ISDN device hangs up. Another call comes in for i4l,
this time on B channel 1. Since channel 0 is taken, and there is
a fixed order B1->chan 0,2,4... B2->chan 1,3,5... the call is
not accepted. (chan 2,3 is for 2 cards, etc.) This happens only
seldomly, and will be fixed soon (if I get a brilliant idea).
!verboff
[As far as we know, this was fixed in HiSax 1.2. Ed.]
!old
Q: My ELSA card has 2 LEDs that light up like a neon sign. What does that
mean?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote 14.10.1996:
!verbon
l1 is down
=> both LEDs blink ca. 1s on 1s off.
l1 is activated (also though the telephone or whatever)
=> Blink in sequence 0.5 yellow 0.5 green
In use
=> 1.5 on 0.5 off
green HSCX A active
yellow HSCX B active
The constant blinking is caused when the card hangs, as I noticed
during development.
!verboff
!3ICN driver
!old
Q: Where can I buy the ICN card?
A:
!verbon
Thinking Objects Software GmbH
Obere Heerbergstr. 17
97078 Würzburg
Germany
Tel: +49-931-2877950
Fax: +49-931-2877951
email isdn-support@think.de
WWW !link http://www.think.de/;
!verboff
!old
Q: Where can I get the newest firmware for my ICN?
A: Torsten Hentschel <Torsten.Hentschel@DInet.de> wrote on 11.Oct.1996:
!verbon
The newest firmware should be available under the URL
!link ftp://ftp.think.de/pub/isdn4linux/firmware/;
!verboff
!old
Q: Is it possible to use several ICN cards in one computer?
A: Yes, but starting with kernel 2.0.0 the configuration scheme has changed:
With older kernels, a separate ICN module had to be loaded for each card.
For 2 cards it looked something like this:
!verbon
/sbin/insmod -m /lib/modules/1.2.13/misc/isdn.o >/etc/isdn.map
/sbin/insmod -m /lib/modules/1.2.13/misc/icn.o >/etc/icn.map
/sbin/insmod -m -o icn2 /lib/modules/1.2.13/misc/icn.o >/etc/icn2.map
!verboff
With kernel 2.0.0 only one driver is necessary. NOTICE: 2.0.0 itself
is buggy, better to use 2.0.18 or newer.!br
Here is an example for one ICN-2B and two ICN-4B:
!verbon
/sbin/insmod -m /lib/modules/`uname -r`/misc/isdn.o > /etc/isdn.map
#
# ICN-2B, default port and mem (0x320, 0xd0000)
#
/sbin/insmod -m /lib/modules/`uname \
-r`/misc/icn.o icn_id=icn0 > /etc/icn.map
#
# ICN-4B inserted at port 0x328
#
/sbin/icnctrl add 0x328 icn1 icn2
#
# Another ICN-4B at port 0x300
#
/sbin/icnctrl add 0x300 icn3 icn4
#
# Load firmware
# ICN-2B: 1TR6
# 1. ICN-4B, both S0 EDSS1
# 2. ICN-4B, 1. S0: 1TR6, 2. S0: EDSS1
#
/sbin/icnctrl -d icn0 \
load /etc/loadpg.bin /etc/pc_1t_ca.bin
/sbin/icnctrl -d icn1 \
load /etc/loadpg.bin /etc/pc_eu_ca.bin /etc/pc_eu_ca.bin
/sbin/icnctrl -d icn3 \
load /etc/loadpg.bin /etc/pc_1t_ca.bin /etc/pc_eu_ca.bin
!verboff
!old
Q: My ICN 4B is recognized only as an ICN 2B. How is the syntax for loading
icn.o with insmod for the ICN 4B?
A: dietmar <dietmar@highway.bertelsmann.de> wrote 08.Oct.1996:
!verbon
I use the following script to "start" the card:
#!/bin/sh
#
# load modules
/sbin/modprobe isdn.o
/sbin/modprobe icn.o icn_id=icn0 icn_id2=icn2
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# Important here is the entry for
# icn_id2. Then the driver recognizes,
# that a 4B should be used.
#
# download firmware
cd /usr/src/isdn4k-utils-1.3.97/icn
icnctrl load download/loadpg.bin download/pc_1t_ca.bin \
download/pc_1t_ca.bin
/sbin/isdnctrl verbose 2
!verboff
Jochen Wiedmann <Jochen.Wiedmann@Neckar-Alb.DE> wrote on 8.Oct.1996:
!verbon
modprobe icn icn_id=line0 icn_id2=line1 icnctrl io 0xd0000 0x340
icnctrl add 0x340 line0 line1
icnctrl load /sw/linux-i386/isdn4kutils-2.0.0/lib/loadpg.bin \
/sw/linux-i386/isdn4kutils-2.0.0/lib/pc_1t_ca.bin \
/sw/linux-i386/isdn4kutils-2.0.0/lib/pc_1t_ca.bin
!verboff
!old
Q: What is "lanx75i.bin" in the ICN directory?
A: "lanx75i.bin" is old. Previously, with EDSS1 only HDLC was supported.
lanx75i.bin was the first test version of the firmware that also
supported X.75. When the firmware was loaded, its version was
noted in the kernel syslog. For the current firmware, the following
strings should be shown:
!verbon
For EDSS1:
DRV1.11EC-Q.931-CAPI-CNS-BETA-15.07.95,BRV2.3
For 1TR6:
DRV1.01TC-1TR6-CAPI-CNS-BETA-03.05.95,BRV2.3
!verboff
!3Working together with other ISDN devices
!old
Q: What settings does ISPA etc. (DOS, Windows) need to work with the
standard settings of isdn4linux?
A: The following configurations are possible (these also apply to the
other drivers from H. Hanewinkel, i.e. CINDI, CANDI, WISPA...)
that can be found via link http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~henker/dank;):
!verbon
i4l side ISPA side
====================================================
isdnctrl l2_prot isdn0 hdlc \
isdnctrl l3_prot isdn0 trans > -h0
isdnctrl encap isdn0 rawip /
----------------------------------------------------
isdnctrl l2_prot isdn0 hdlc \
isdnctrl l3_prot isdn0 trans > -h1
isdnctrl encap isdn0 uihdlc /
----------------------------------------------------
isdnctrl l2_prot isdn0 x75i \
isdnctrl l3_prot isdn0 trans > -l0
isdnctrl encap isdn0 rawip /
----------------------------------------------------
isdnctrl l2_prot isdn0 x75i \
isdnctrl l3_prot isdn0 trans > -l1
isdnctrl encap isdn0 uihdlc /
----------------------------------------------------
!verboff
The parameter with the least problems is -h0.
!old
Q: What do I have to watch out for to connect to Windows95?
A: Torsten Krueger <torsten@nrw-online.de> wrote on 5.10.1995, that
VJ (i.e. header) compression has to be turned off on both sides.
Windows95 is very touchy if this option is rejected by isdn4linux.
!old
Q: Can use only syncPPP with Windows95 to connect to isdn4linux?
A: Frank-Christian Kruegel <fchk@gigabyte.ohz.north.de> wrote on 13.10.1996:
!verbon
Modem network: yes. This might also be possible with CINDI,
WISPA etc. from Herbert Hahnewinkel (costs ca 80 DM per license, and
every user needs one), but I didn't spend the money.
!verboff
!old
Q: A Windows95 user with a Fritz! Card poor transfer rates
when connected with isdn4linux - what can one do?
A: Sven Engelhardt <sven@sik.de> wrote on 13.10.1996:
!verbon
use AVMPort (Capi modem emulation for Win' 95), important: on
Win 0.95 "Register on network" should be turned on.
!verboff
!old
Q: Where in Windows95 can I find the settings to get a terminal window
when I log in?
A: Sven Engelhardt <sven@sik.de> wrote on 13.10.1996:
!verbon
Control Panels/Software/Diskette CD-ROM Admin/Apptools/Dscript
- Script administration for modem networks (after installing
see Start/Programs/Utilities)
So that the script receives something, with ISDN turn echo. With
the AVMPort put E1 in the init string.
!verboff
!old
Q: I'd like to exchange data with a Macintosh (Leonardo card),
what do I or the Mac user have to watch out for?
A: Markus Reicher <a9003436@unet.univie.ac.at>:
!verbon
When you call the Mac, he should set the protocol to X.75 or HDLC.
When he calls you, he must explicitly set the protocol (e.g.
by inserting an "X" for X.75) in the called number - otherwise the Mac
might call with the Leonardo protocol.
!verboff
Q: A Macintosh with a Leonardo card tries to call in , and wants to
negotiate chap md5. How can I switch it to CHAP/PAP?
A: Axel Jindra <jindra@uni-koblenz.de> wrote on 10 Jan 1997:!br
You can't. He should use LeoPort (always included with the card) and
switch the CTB port to the ISDN card. Then with FreePPP 2.5v2
<http://www.rockstar.com> set the Leo as the modem and configure
FreePPP as usual. Then PAP/CHAP can be set.
!old
Q: How does isdn4linux work with a Cisco (HDLC) on the other side
A: On the Cisco router the "keep alive" packets have to be turned off.
isdn4linux has to be configured with HDLC, transparent with Cisco
encapsulation:
!verbon
isdnctrl l2_prot <interface> hdlc
isdnctrl l3_prot <interface> trans
isdnctrl encap <interface> cisco-h
!verboff
<interface> is the name of the IP interface that has been set up with
!verbon
isdnctrl addif <interface>
!verboff
(e.g. isdn0).
!old
Q: My Cisco has a Bug - which IOS is recommended?
A: Jochen Wiedmann <Jochen.Wiedmann@Neckar-Alb.DE> wrote:
!verbon
Since Cisco-IOS 11.0.x (x = 7 is the only one I know about) I've had no
more problems with Cisco <-> HDLC <-> non-Cisco. That applies for netgw
as well as i4l and Banzai! on the other side, although in each case the
special Cisco HDLC options are important.
!verboff
!old
Q: When I call in to an ASCEND, does it cost a charge unit even if I get
a "BUSY"?
A: Winfried Haug <haug@seicom.net> wrote on 12.10.1996:
!verbon
Until yesterday we had problems with AVM+W95 and Mini Port driver
(PPP with PAP). The Ascend took the call and 3-4 sec later hung up.
In the Ascend Log is just Call refused, which isn't right, since
the Ascend did take the call... With a new firmware on the
Ascend (4.6C+) instead of 4.6B+p2, the problem seems to be gone.
Since before we had another RACK (from ITK) that did _not_ behave
this way with our customers, I'm assuming that is was the Ascend.
New firmware for the Ascend can be found at!br
!link ftp://ftp.ascend.com/;!br
or!br
!link ftp://ftp.ascend.de/;!br
although you have to pay very close attention that you are taking the
correct image!
!verboff
Q: Is there a mailing list about Ascend?
A: There is such a mailing list at the University of Hannover.
It's called: ascend-users-de@uni-hannover.de
The list is administered with LISTSERV, that means subscriptions
go to LISTSERV@uni-hannover.de with the following line in the
!b1message body!b0:
!verbon
subscribe [my mail alias address] ascend-users-de
!verboff
or simply:
!verbon
subscribe ascend-users-de
!verboff
Thomas Stinner <Thomas.Stinner@pop-siegen.de> wrote to us in addition:
!verbon
There is a more widely subscribed mailing list on Ascend.
It is in English (so Ascend technicians also read and send
messages there).
One can subscribe at:
majordomo@bungi.com
In the message body:
subscribe ascend-users
!verboff
Q: How do I switch on Raw IP on the Ascend Max with Radius?
A: "Framed Protocol" must be set to "EURAW". For the authorization via
Caller Id, the "authentication-type = ascend-clid" must be set.
Thomas Stinner <Thomas.Stinner@pop-siegen.de> wrote to us on 9 Mar 97:
!verbon
It could by, that the Authentication Type works this way, however
I use password "Ascend-CLID" to do this.
An entry in the users file has to look like this:
69123456 Password="Ascend-CLID"
User-Name = "Username"
User-Service = Framed-User
That means, the Caller ID as username, and "Ascend-CLID" as Password.
!verboff
Q: How do I switch on "uihdlc" encapsulation on the Max (an Ascend) with
Radius ?
A: "Framed-Protocol" must be set to "EUUI".
!old
Q: What settings does an ELink need to work with isdn4linux?
A: In the mailing list Daniel Moeller (danny@rsun.lfn.unterland.de)
gave the following advice:
!verbon
[...] Here I have several clean connections every day to a
EL310, I poll using ifcico FIDO with it. Here is the config
for the Elink:
ati Elink 310 Version 1.36 OK ati4
Baudrate: 115k2,N
SIN unbekannt: Ruf annehmen
Anschaltung: EDSS1
SIN ungleich &B: Ruf annehmen
Betriebsart: X.75
SIN gesendet: neutral
Mehrfachrufnummer: 980031
E1 M1 Q0 V1 X2 &B049 &C1 &D2 &R0 &S1
\A3 \J0 \N3 \Q3 \V1 %A013 %C1 %F1 FCLASS=000
S00=000 S01=000 S02=043 S03=013
S04=010 S05=008 S06=002 S07=040
S08=003 S09=000 S10=007 S11=000
S12=050 S13=01010000B S14=10011010B S15=00001110B
S16=10110011B S17=049 S18=013 S19=003
S20=000 S21=00000100B S22=000 S23=006
S24=120 S25=128 S26=016 S27=002
S28=003 S29=128 S30=000 S31=000
OK
!verboff
!old
Q: I can I use Internet with the German T-Online with i4l?
A: Rainer May <r_may@kahvi.desaster.heide.de> described it as follows:
!verbon
(the same works of course with a modem. However, the initializing
sequence looks different.)
Step 1: Get diald. I don't know where to find it - ask archie.
(diald is used to set a default route to a physically
non-existent SLIP or CSLIP connection; when packets are set to
this pseudo-interface, diald establishes the (C)SLIP connection;
which packets start the connections and when/how the connection
is terminated can all be configured.) Then install the binary and
config files (you can use the sample files as they are, but if
you want e.g. ping to start a connection, you need to make minor
changes, the timeouts can also be adjusted as needed - simply
try it out).
Step 2: Use a kernel with integrated SLIP/CSLIP or with SLIP/CSLIP
modules (which has to be loaded, of course).
Step 3: Isdn4Linux also has to be installed, of course; the important
part is the modem emulation (ttyIX),
Step 4: Start diald, e.g. with the following script (I call it
/etc/rc.d/rc.diald.t-online):
/usr/sbin/diald /dev/ttyI2 -m aslip local 192.168.90.9 \
remote 192.168.90.1 defaultroute dynamic modem crtscts \
lock speed 38400 connect "chat -v -f /etc/diald/t-online" \
mtu 1500 dslip-mode local-remote
(This can also be sensibly written in a _single_ line :-)
Step 5: Write the script, I call it "etc/diald/t-online".
Looks something like this:
TIMEOUT 30
ABORT "NO CARRIER"
ABORT ERROR
ABORT "NO DIALTONE"
ABORT BUSY
ABORT "NO ANSWER"
ABORT "NO MSN/EAZ"
"" ATZ
OK AT&B2000&E<MyMSN>&X1
OK ATD01910
CONNECT .
"[?25h" <ZugangsKennung>\c
"[?25h" ""
"[?25h" ""
"[?25h" <passwort>
"[?25h" *53#\c
"[?25h" *190144100#\c
"[?25h" 19\c
"STATUS OK" LIN
"" "OK"
Certain place holders need to be replaced, of course:
<MyMSN> is the MSN, that you want to explore the world with.
<Zugangskennung>: The digit monster than usually begins with "000..."
that has been given to you by the Telekom.
<passwort>: The password.
This example script assumes that the default "Anschlußnummer" and
"Mitbenutzernummer" are used. If this is not the case, you have to
adjust the two lines before "[?25h" <passwort> accordingly. For example,
for the Mitbenutzernummer "0003", the line before "[?25h" <passwort>
should read:
"[?25h" 0003\c
(since the entry field is full after "0003", no CR is entered
afterwards) When diald is running, an interface "sl0" should
suddenly be available (ask ifconfig), and the default route
should point to it (route -n will tell you; without "-n", "route"
will try to resolve the fantasy IP addresses (which are later
replaced with real addresses) - we don't need it do to
that). Those who don't work only with numeric addresses, but also
want to successfully try to "ftp ftp.sunsite.edu", should of
course enter a name server in /etc/resolv.conf (one from the
Telekom has the address 94.25.2.129). Then start ftp, telnet,
netscape, whatever. That's it. By the way, diald will write
novels in your syslog. You can read the entire login procedure,
even if it looks somewhat chaotic. If a request doesn't work, use
"kill" to stop diald (routes will be automatically erased) and
check the syslog - if there is something like "Zur Zeit keine
verbindung möglich", then the Telekom's gateway is down. Or
perhaps the login is incorrect... watch out, after three
unsuccessful login attempts, the login will be closed and has to
be reactivated (either per telephone or directly from BTX
(e.g. seyon or minicom, dial 01910, slowly go through the login
screen by hand and follow the instructions).
!verboff
A further example with dip instead of diald can be found at:!br
!link http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/~web/ISDN.html;
!old
Q: I've set up an Internet connection over T-Online as described in
the groups, but the chat script fails ("Connect script failed").
A: Gerhard Träger <gerhard@gt-priv.m.eunet.de>: wrote:
!verbon
In the mentioned version of chat, there is a small mistake in logf():
it keeps writing in a 256 byte buffer until a line feed comes in.
"T-Offline" sends many more bytes for its login page. Therefore, either
use chat without -v or enlarge the bugger (best with capacity checking).
!verboff
!3Raw IP
Q: What is Raw IP?
A: Raw IP does without the use of a protocol such as X.75 or HDLC
(for modem emulation, etc.) or PPP. TCP/IP packets are directly
exchanged.
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of Raw IP?
A: Raw IP has both advantages and disadvantages.!br
Advantages :
!verbon
* No handshaking
=> faster connections
* Authorization by Caller ID
=> fast, safe, no password
* Fixed IP address
=> a broken connection can be continued by redialing
* Higher data transfer rates
* Better stability (smaller driver => almost no bugs)
!verboff
Disadvantages:
!verbon
* No handshaking
=> Configuration must occur !u1beforehand!u0 (IP addresses,...)
=> sensible to use for only for one provider at a time
* Authorization only by Caller ID
=> Dialin only possible from one's own number
* Fixed IP address
=> must be known ahead of time, more IP addresses required,
no dynamic assignment of addresses possible.
!verboff
From this summary it should be clear under what conditions it makes sense
to use raw IP.
Q: How can I run a script when a raw IP connection is established?
A: Harald Milz <hm@seneca.muc.de> wrote on 28 Nov 1996:!br
Make a tail -f of your syslog and attach a script that reads it,
e.g. (all on one line!)
!verbon
tail -f /var/log/messages |
awk '/isdn0 connected/ { system ("ip-up") }
/hangup isdn0/ { system ("ip-down") } '
!verboff
or more elegantly in perl.!br
[isdnlog might also be able to be programmed to do this - Ed.]
!3Modem emulation (use with ttyI* devices)
Q: Does modem emulation mean that I can toss out my analog modem?
A: No, the name "modem emulation" refers only to the way your own computer
communicates withe the ISDN driver. It has !u1nothing!u0 to do with the
way the data is sent by the ISDN driver over the telephone line - that
is done digitally! That means that the ISDN driver will !u1not!u0 be
able to connect to a non-ISDN BBS!br
The name is justifies, because any Linux software that can send commands
to a modem can also via "modem emulation" send commands to the ISDN driver.
And that's what we really want.
!old
Q: Which device should I use for calls out or calls in?
A: Only the ttyI* devices should be used. The cui* devices are created
only for reasons of compatibility. Now that there is mgetty, there is not
reason to use the cui* devices any longer. If they are used, locking will
not work correctly (several programs could simultaneously attempt to use
the same device).
!old
Q: How to I switch the modem emulation from X.75 to HDLC?
A: With the option S14=3; for example "ATS13=3".
!old
Q: How can I poll with Taylor-UUCP using isdn4linux?
A: As usual, the same as with serial interfaces. Simply use /dev/ttyI* as the
device, as the init string for the modem emulation you have to set the
correct MSN or EAZ with "AT&E<msn/eaz>".
!old
Q: What speed should I set for the modem emulation?
A: It doesn't matter. The driver internally always uses the full speed that
ISDN offers. This is also given in the connect string.
!old
Q: Is 'init-chat "" ATZ OK AT&E4 OK ATS14=3 OK' correct for 1TR6
(the other side has DSS1)?
A: In principle, yes, when the EAZ is really 4 (at&e4) and HDLC
should be used (ats14=3).
Q: Was does the register S13 exactly mean?
A: Fritz Elfert <fritz@wuemaus.franken.de> wrote on 1 Dec 1996:!br
When a user program calls a write to the ttyI device, isdn_tty_write()
is called. There the data is copied to a buffer (info->xmit_buf[]),
and - if in voice mode - DLE sequences are decoded. Then a counter
(info->xmit_count) is updated, that updates the size of the buffer.
Through the timer interrupt, the function isdn_tty_modem_xmit()
sequentially calls two further functions: isdn_tty_senddown() and
isdn_tty_tint(). The job ofisdn_tty_tint() is to pack the data from
the buffer into sk_buffs (the packet buffer also used by networking) and
also to convert as needed into the various audio formats after aLaw
and, also as needed, to create a T.70 header. The resulting packet is put
into a send queue (info->xmit_queue).isdn_tty_tint() works through
this queue, and passes the packets on to the appropriate low-level
driver!br
Now if Bit 1 in Register 13 is set, the call to isdn_tty_senddown()
and isdn_tty_tint() will in addition to the timer interrupt
call isdn_tty_write(), that is immediately when the write is called by
the user program.
!3Async PPP
!commenton
(The following questions are mostly from the syncPPP FAQ by Michael Hipp.)
!commentoff
!old
Q: pppd, ipppd, async PPP, sync PPP - what are they? Which should I use?
A: !b1async PPP!b0 is a character-based protocol which is
usually used over analog serial lines. It is of course possible
to route async PPP over ISDN (even though ISDN offers a synchronous
connection. You can do this by attaching an ISDN modem to your computer. An
ISDN modem has an RS-232 interface to the computer along with an ISDN
interface to the telephone company. Assuming that you use PPP on a serial
interface, then the asynchronous PPP packets are transmitted over the
synchronous ISDN line. You can !u1not!u0 use HDLC/syncPPP, otherwise
your Linux machine will not accept and process these packets. Instead,
you have to edit /etc/inittab:
!verbon
#
# inittab This file describes how the INIT process should set up
# the system in a certain run-level.
[...]
# PPPD for asyncPPP over ISDN
i1:45:respawn:/usr/sbin/pppd -detach silent noipdefault /dev/ttyI0
!verboff
This tells init that the asynchronous PPP should be started directly from
this device. Notice that with the configuration, PPP and only PPP is using
this line. There are other ways as well; you can start a getty on this
tty, set up user that starts pppd, etc. If you want to learn more, you
can read the FAQ that comes with the standard pppd.!br
On the other hand, !b1Sync PPP!b0 is a bit-oriented protocol, for which
the original pppd cannot be used. Michael Hipp has written an adapted
version called ipppd.!br
ipppd can process PPP packets that arrive as HDLC frames. The PPP
driver in isdn4linux sends all IP packets directly to the network
layer, while all PPP protocol frames are send to the /dev/ippp*
device. Thus ipppd can be viewed as a simple external network
protocol program. If you with the help of the /dev/ttyI* devices
log in to an external computer and from there start PPP, then you
should use the "old" pppd. If the other side immediately begins the
send frames, then you've probably reached a syncPPP machine - use the
network device from isdn4linux with 'syncPPP encapsulation' and make
sure that ippd is running and can contact at least one /dev/ippd*. Make
sure you read the directions for isdn4linux on how to configure a
network device.
!old
Q: I would like to use asynchronous PPP. Can I use the network interface from
isdn4linux?
A: No, that's not possible. Asynchronous PPP encapsulation is only possible
with the standard PPP package (pppd) through the dev/ttyI* devices
(see the previous question). The network interface can only be used by
ipppd for synchronous PPP encapsulation.
!old
Q: How can I reduce the login time?
A: See the answer for sync PPP, it also applies to async PPP.
Q: How can I increase my transfer rates with PPP?
A: You can add more channels with MPPP (see the appropriate section).
For everyone for whom that's to expensive and who use !u1async PPP!u0,
there's a little trick. With the option "asyncmap 0" you can avoid
escaping all control characters (ASCII<32). If the other side goes
along with this, you can increase the transfer rate by about 12%.
!3Sync PPP
!commenton
(The following questions are mostly from the syncPPP FAQ by Michael Hipp.)
!commentoff
!old
Q: pppd, ipppd, syncPPP, asyncPPP .. what is they? What should I use?
A: See this question in the "asnycPPP" section.
!old
Q: How do I compile isdn4linux with syncPPP?
A: To compile the kernel with syncPPP included in ISDN4Lilnux, you
have to answer the appropriate questions in "make config" with "yes".
Don't forget to load the module slhc.o before isdn.o, if VJ compression is
not compiled into the kernel (e.g. if you have no PPP and no CSLIP in the
kernel. [Note that the use of VJ is problematic and does not work reliably
- however, the support should still be included in the kernel, since there
can otherwise be side effects.]
!old
Q: How does use isdn4linux with syncPPP?
A: Synchronous PPP is simply another encapsulation for ISDN4Linux.
This encapsulation is called "syncppp", therefore for example:
!verbon
/sbin/isdnctrl encap ippp0 syncppp
!verboff
Here the name of the interface is "ippp0". An interface with this name
is always used to keep ipppd happy, since it checks the PPP version through
this device. For now, all devices have to have the name ippp*, where "*" is
a decimal digit.
Q: How should I name my network interface?
A: The name of the network interface should !u1always!u0 begin with "ippp",
!u1not!u0 with "syncppp" or "isdn"; otherwise the communication with
ipppd will not work correctly.
!old
Q: How do I configure a PPP connection with ipppd?
A: You have to start ipppd once after the modules are installed. ipppd
communicates with the isdn4linux link level devices through /dev/ippp0 to
/dev/ippp63. A single ipppd can handle all devices at once. If you want two
PPP connections at the same time, you need to bind ipppd to two devices,
etc. ipppd has an additional option: "useifip" uses the IP address of the
connected network interface (if it is not 0.0.0.0). (Even then, ipppd tries
to use the pointopoint address as the remote IP.) BSD compression has to
be turned off - this version cannot use it. [Comment: Van Jacobson
compression also has to be turned off, in all cases!]
In the file etc/rc.isdn.syncppp in the isdn4kernel-util package,
you can find an example configuration.
Q: How do I get ipppd to open a PPP connection?
A: With the command "isdnctrl dial <interface>".
Q: How can I tell if a connection is unsuccessful (busy)?
A: Andreas Berg <berg@studm.hrz.uni-siegen.de> wrote on 24 Nov 1996:!br
I simply wait a couple of seconds, then check whether the default route
exists, if so, then the connection is there as well.
Q: Where can I find the latest version of ipppd?
A: It is on Michael Hipp's home page:!br
!link http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~hipp/isdn/linux/;
!old
Q: How can I use more than one ippp* device?
A: All ippp* devices in use must be configured separately with
"isdnctrl addif" etc. Each ippp* device should be assigned to
its own IP address (routing!).!br
Several ippp* devices can be assigned to a single MSN.
Several callers can then simultaneously use this MSN.
!old
Q: I want to talk to remote machines which needs different configurations. The
only way I found to do this is to kill the ipppd and start a new one with
another config to connect to the second machine.
A: You must bind a network interface explicitly to an ippp device, where you
can connect a (for this interface) individually configured ipppd. With the
(unfortunately poorly documented) command!br
"isdnctrl pppbind <interface> <Number>"!br
you can link the interface <interface> to the device ippp<Nummer>. You can
release the link with "pppunbind".
Q: How does the (little-documented) "pppbind" command in isdnctrl work?
A: You have to first know how ipppd gets its data. All data that come in
over the ISDN line is received by the network devices (these are
set up with isdnctrl). Then the data given to one of the /dev/ippd*
devices - to one where a ipppd daemon is waiting for data.!br
To the network interfaces, all ipppd's appear to be able to handle the
just-received data - therefore it is normally impossible to predict
which ipppd will receive data from which network interface.!br
In practice, you usually install several ipppd's with differing
configurations. Each of these should receive data !u1exclusively!u0
from a certain network interface (that has also be specially configured).
The "pppdbind" command serves just this purpose. With:
!verbon
"isdnctrl pppbind <interface> <number>"
!verboff
attaches the interface <interface> to the device /dev/ippp<number>.!br
Example: To attach the interface "ippp5" to /dev/ippp2, the following
configuration should be used:
!verbon
"isdnctrl pppbind ippp5 2"
!verboff
Similarly, the command "pppunbind" will undo this attachment.!br
!old
Q: I want to use dynamic IP address assignment. How must I configure the
network device?
A: At least you must have a route, which forwards a packet to the ippp
network interface to trigger dialing. A default route to the ippp interface
will work. Now you must choose a dummy IP address for your interface. If for
some reason you can't set the default route to the ippp interface, you may
take any address of the subnet from which you expect your dynamic IP number
and set a 'network route' for this subnet to the ippp interface. To allow
overriding of the dummy address you must call the ipppd with the
'ipcp-accept-local' option. You must know how the ipppd gets the addresses
it has to configure. If you don't give any option, the ipppd tries to
negotiate the local host address! With the option 'noipdefault' it
requests an address from the remote machine. With 'useifip' it gets the
addresses from the net interface. You also can set the addresses in the
option line with the <a.b.c.d:e.f.g.h> option. Note: the IP address of the
remote machine must be configured locally, or the remote machine must send
it in an IPCP request. If your side doesn't know the IP address after
negotiation, it closes the connection! You must allow overriding of
addresses with the 'ipcp-accept-*' options, if you have set your own or the
remote address explicitly. Try these options, e.g.:
!verbon
/sbin/ipppd :$REMOTE noipdefault /dev/ippp0
!verboff
where REMOTE must be the address of the remote machine (the machine giving
your address to you)
Q: According to the manpage, ipppd offers the option "dns-addr". But my ipppd
refuses to take this option!
A: Andreas Kool <akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de> wrote on 31 Dec 1996:!br
In the Makefile for ipppd you have to activate the option "USE_MS_DNS"!
Q: How can I do IPX over ipppd?
A: Michael Hipp <Michael.Hipp@student.uni-tuebingen.de> wrote on
4 Feb 1997:!br
So... this question has come up a lot recently. I recommend in any case
ipppd 2.2.6g (ftp.gwdg.de pub/linux/isdn/ippp/). Then in the Makefile
comment out 'IPX_CHANGE = 1' ...!br
But that's not yet enough. When calling ipppd, you have to add "+ipx",
otherwise IPX (in ipppd) will not be activated. Of course, you also
have to use the "correct" IPX options... I don't know what they are
for each individual case. I've never done IPX. ;) If you then get
several IPXCP debug messages in the log and nothing works, I'd be
interested in this log (unless you can analyze the problem yourself).
Success stories are also welcome, of course (but with untested software,
this is highly improbable) ;)
!old
Q: How can I reduce login delay?
A: You can write out a login session with ("Debug-Log"), and see which
options the other computer is refusing. Next time, configure ipppd
without these unused options. A further side effect is that such
unused options increase the redundance (e.g. when the other computer
has bugs and refuses the options incorrectly). To create a log file,
see "How to I create a log for ipppd".!br
Another tip came from G.Richter <richter@ecos.de> on 12 Dec 1996:!br
The negotiation phase with a CISCO, as well as with an AVM MPR, was
drastically accelerated by the option
!verbon
lcp-restart 1
!verboff
The ipppd seems to send the first LCP packet before it can reach the
other side, and then waits 3 seconds before trying again, but with this
option it waits only 1 second. For me the time to establish the connection
sank from 5 to 2 seconds.
Q: How can I increase my PPP data transfer rates?
A: You can establish more channels with MPPP (see the MPPP section).
For everyone for whom this is too expensive, and who use !u1asyncPPP!u0
there is another little trick. With the option "asyncmap 0", you can
chose to not "escape" control characters (ASCII<32) (the default is to
escape these characters). If the other side goes along, the transfer
rate will be about 12% faster.
!3ISDN4Linux in a network
Q: I've successfully used the Internet with my Linux system using isdn4linux.
Now I'd like to have another computer on my Ethernet profit from the
Internet as well. But how?
A: Thomas Pfeiffer <pfeiffer@pds.de> wrote on 5 Nov 1996:!br
There are several choices, depending on what all you would like to
do on the Internet from your LAN. Basically, there are 3 possibilities:
!verbon
1. Your LAN is an official Class C net with IP addresses valid on
the Internet.
This case is the easiest of configure. You give each network
card on your network one of these addresses and set a
default route on the ISDN card that goes to your
provider.
2. You'd only like to do http in Internet from your LAN.
In this case you can make up IP addresses for your LAN;
the only official IP address is that for your ISDN card.
Then install a proxy server on your Linux router, and
enter it in all of your browsers. In this case you do
not need a default route.
3. From your LAN you only want to log in to your Linux ISDN
router and FROM THERE do your work on the Internet.
This is even simpler, then you don't even need a proxy
server.
!verboff
Eike Stepper <isdn@esc-net.de> added on 6 Nov 1996:
!verbon
There is a fourth possibility I'd like to add, although I've
never tried it out (since I prefer the 1st choice and have a
a Class C Subnet, hehe ;), but I have a friend who after
some playing with the Linux kernel has actually gotten IP
masquerading to work.!br
It works somewhat like a proxy (when looking at the effect of
hiding the IP). It doesn't offer any caching, of course, but
masks to the outside all internal IPs with that of the ISDN
interface. Don't ask me how the routing functions, but it
works...!br
If I'm not completely mistaken, my friend does this with a
dynamically assigned IP ?!
!verboff
Q: How does this fourth possibility work, Linux + Masquerading?
A: Rainer May <r_may@khavi.desaster.heide.de> has put together a
good set of instructions (see the next question).
!commenton
The following instructions were assembled by Rainer May
<r_may@khavi.desaster.heide.de>.
!commentoff
!old
Q: I have a local area network, (LAN) with computers based on several
platforms - Win95, Win311, NT, Amiga (AmiTCP) and Macintosh (MacTCP) - all
connected to the outside world through a Linux router. The Linux machine has
an ISDN card. My ISP provides me with a dynamic IP address each time I log
in. I want all the computers to reach the INTERNET not just the Linux box.
How can I do this?
A: Most work has to be done on the Linux box. First you need a kernel with
IP forwarding and masquerding enabled. You can get on by answering the
following questions when doing "make config" with YES.
!verbon
Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers Y
Enable loadable module support Y
Networking support Y
Network firewalls Y
TCP/IP networking Y
IP: forwarding/gatewaying Y
IP: firewalling Y
IP: masquerading Y
PPP (point-to-point) support (if you PPP to the ISP) Y
SLIP (serial line) support Y
Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) (or Arcnet or ...) Y
ISDN support [1] M
Support synchronous PPP (if you're using ipppd) Y
HiSax SiemensChipSet driver support M
(Then select the HiSax support)
(You can also choose to make a kernel with build in ISDN support
instead of modules)
!verboff
Then do a "make dep", "make zImage", "make modules" and "make
modules_install" to build the kernel. The installation of ISDN and PPP is
explained somewhere else in this FAQ. We now continue with the following
assumptions:!br
* The ISDN system is operational; you can build a connection to your ISP.!br
* The LAN is operational (i.e. Ethernet or Arcnet) and IP addresses
have been assigned (i.e. 192.168.xx.xx). The Linux box can be reached by
the other computers (i.e. by ping).!br
Now we need to accomplish two things:!br
* A computer in the LAN with a "non-local" IP address will request the
Linux router to establish a connection to the provider!br
* The Linux router itself will connect the computers in the LAN to the
provider. It will also "hide" the computers in the LAN from the ISP, and
all the IP packets will appear to come from or go to the router. While in
fact the are coming from the computers in the LAN.!br
!br
We'll start with the second one: This hiding doesn't mean we're trying
to cheat our provider. (Although it is possible to provide "clients" with
a cheap connection to the Internet). It is required technically. Only the
IP address of the Linux box is known to the provider. So the Linux box must
"mask" all the packet with it's own IP address and keep track of which
computer in the LAN sent which packet so the it can return the
incoming packets to the correct computer in the LAN. Luckily this
function is built in kernels>=2.0.0 and is called "IP-Masquerading". Here's
how it works:!br
!br
A computer on the LAN sends a packet that contains (next to the IP address
and target port of the receiver) it's own sender address (in IP form) and
an answering port. The masquerading Linux router will replace this address
with it's own and the answering port with a free one. Under this free port
the sender address is stored. Now when a packet comes in from the Internet
the receiver address and port gets overwritten with the return address and
port and the packet is send to the correct computer in the LAN. Packet for
packet. This only works if the application sends along a return address,
telnet, http, (irc, tcp differently) all do this (ping doesn't work).!br
!br
To get TCP and IRC to work while masquerading 2 modules need to be loaded:
!verbon
/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_irc
!verboff
Then the forwarding rules in the kernel add forced to masquerade:
!verbon
/sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -P all -S 192.168.123.0/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0 -b
!verboff
The ipfwadm program is available via anonymous FTP at!br
!link ftp://ftp.xos.nl/pub/linux/ipfwadm/ipfwadm-2.3.0.tar.gz;!br
In this example the LAN addresses 192.168.123.0 to 192.168.123.254 are
used. To keep things simple we make the Linux router 192.168.123.1!br
The above line masquerades all the packets coming from 192.168.123.x to
the outside world. This has a disadvantage: all the packets inside the
LAN also get masqueraded. You can prevent this by adding more rules
(man ipfwadm is recommended reading if you want to do this).!br
!br
Hint from Ralf Rudolph <ralf@artifex.de>:
!verbon
The way I see it, that doesn't matter, the computers in the LAN will
continue to communicate over the fake IP addresses. You can test this by
turning off your Linux box (shutdown). Nothing will happen. This is because
masquerading is a forwarding rule in the firewall and will only be used
when forwarding (literally "passing on"). On the LAN nothing is forwarded
so nothing is masqueraded, unless you have multiple Ethernet cards in one
computer then you need to enter some extra firewall rules.
!verboff
Answer: This is actually not entirely true; although it does no harm. We
have accomplished "hiding" the LAN from the provider. We now want the
Linux box to automatically connect to the outside world whenever a computer
in the LAN requests it. All the computers within must address their
packets for the outside world to the Linux box, which will take it from
there. This is very easy. Most TCP protocols (for Windows, Mac) all have
the option of specifying a "default gateway" or "gateway". You must specify
the local address of the router. You cannot enter the IP address which you
receive when you connect to your provider because you don't know which
address your going to get, and also it's different every time you log in.!br
The last step is getting the ISDN system to do "Dial on Demand". This is
can be done in two ways.!br
* Use synchronous PPP, in other words "ipppd". The only thing you have to do
is to make sure that the default route point to the device (ippp*) you
made with isdnctrl. Warning: the kernel remove this route when the
connection is broken. You have to reestablish the default route after the
line goes down. You can do this (for example) in the file /etc/ppp/ip-down.
The risk of this method is that applications running on the LAN will make
the Linux box build a connection for each resolve request, keepalive
packet or ARP broadcast they send (your phone company will be very
grateful).!br
It can happen that requests by the LAN can take a long time. I don't know
whether the kernel or ipppd can't handle the first outgoing packets, but
it's always a good idea to push the red button in Netscape for example and
then reload the first page you're accessing right after starting up
Netscape.!br
The configuration of ipppd is explained in detail elsewhere:!br
!link http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~ui161ab/www/isdn/;!br
* Use asynchronous PPP or SLIP/CSLIP for your connection. For this you
can use a program called "diald" [4]. This has several advantages, it's
highly configurable; you can for instance specify that there are to be no
connections made between 9 and 12 am or that name server request don't
trigger the ISDN device. For those of you that don't want to bother with a
lot of configuration options that's fine; the default configuration can be
used without danger for life or money (German expression).!br
Now,!br
if the masquerading rules are set,!br
if the PC in the LAN all know that the Linux box is the gateway,!br
if "ping abc.edu" typed in on the Linux console builds up a connection
to the Internet provider!br
!u1then!u0 also all other machines in the LAN should be able to access the
Internet.
Q: How can I allow the users in my local network to use the ISDN card(s)
in my Linux PC?
A: Rainer May <r_may@khavi.desaster.heide.de> wrote on 10 Dec 1996:!br
Um ... "modemd" on the Linux side, along with appropriate software
e.g. for W95 (emulates a comport over a telnet connection) makes
that rather nice....
Q: Where can I find "modemd", and for which platforms are there "clients"?
A: Rainer May <r_may@khavi.desaster.heide.de> wrote on 10 Dec 1996:!br
In theory (and in practice too) this can be done by any comfortable
telnet client. There should be some uucicos for this as well (under
DOS fxuucico together with fxwtcp, for example).!br
If you generally want to offer all applications a kind of "remote
COM port", then there is COMT for Windows (95), "telser.device" for
Amigas. There is supposed to be something like this for the Mac as
well (it's system architecture is very inviting for this), but I
don't know any names.!br
modemd (which is really just a one-liner in PERL, if I remember
correctly) works here with COMt and telser.sevice with no problems.
Q: Where can I find COMt?
A: Oliver Hahn <oliver@bbtt.de> wrote on 15 Dec 1996:!br
Try a Simtel mirror (e.g. ftp.funet.fi) in the directory
pub/simtelnet/win3/inet. The thing is called comt200.zip.
!link ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/simtelnet/win3/inet/comt200.zip;
Q: How exactly does this "PERL one-liner" "modemd" look?
A: Marc Neitzner <marc@zeus.han.de> wrote on 15 Dec 1996:
!verbon
#!/usr/bin/perl
select((select(STDOUT), $| = 1)[$[]);
select((select(STDIN), $| = 1)[$[]);
exec "cu","-E","''", "-l", "$ARGV[0]";
die "$0: Cannot exec cu: $!\n";
!verboff
And then it has to be started in inetd:
!verbon
modem 20006/tcp modemd # Modem service via TCP
isdn 20007/tcp modemd # ISDN service via TCP
!verboff
Disadvantage: comt-2.0 is only "visible" to 16-bit applications. The
use under win95 and Windows NT therefore is restricted to 16-bit
stuff.
!3Isdnlog
!old
Q: isdnlog doesn't always show the High Layer Compatibility (Speech, Video,...)
as I'd like it to.
A: Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> posted a patch on 6.10.1996
to the mailing list that adjusts isdnlog
Q: Can I see the service type from an incoming call in the output
from isdnrep?
A: Andreas Kool <akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de> wrote on 3 Dec 1996:!br
Indirectly in isdnrep, yes -- as soon as you enter an alias for the
decoded service types in your "isdnlog.conf" ...
Q: Why doesn't isdnlog record the number dialed by my other ISDN devices,
since it records the charges?
A: Because the ISDN card, like all ISDN device, has separate lines for
sending and receiving (RX and TX lines). Isdnlog has to read data
from the receiving line to learn the number dialed. This isn't possible,
at least for the Teles cards, as Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de>
wrote on 12 Feb 1997:
!verbon
This is the case for all cards with 1 Siemens ISAX; it has (and needs)
only 1 sender and 1 receiver.
Theoretically, it's possible to read the entire D channel with just one
receiver (even with the ISAC); the D bits from the RX line are copied
(somewhat delayed) to the TX line, over which the access control
(collision recognition) of the SO bus takes place.
Unfortunately with the ISAC it's not possible to read the echo bits
in TA mode from a register.
!verboff
See the next questions for a possible solution.
Q: How can I get isdnlog to also show the telephone numbers for other
ISDN devices?
A: There are two possibilities. First, the German Telekom offers the service
COLP (Connected Line Identification Presentation, ca. DM 10 per month per
basic line) that returns all data sent. This can then be read by isdnlog
(>=2.52) from the TX line!br
Alternatively, the next version of isdnlog (currently 2.52) will offer
the possibility to work with a second "re-poled" Teles card, i.e. the
RX line is connected to the TX connection of the card. The RX line of the
card should not be connected to any line! Because of this setup, the Teles
card cannot be used for anything else. The whole thing looks something like
this:
!verbon
B 3 -- RX+ 2a ---------------\
U 4 -- TX+ 1a -- open ------------
S 5 -- TX- 1b -- open ------------ card
6 -- RX- 2b ---------------/
!verboff
A third (theoretical) possibility exists for those who have their own
PBX to which the other devices are connected. If the PBX can protocol
all outgoing calls, this can be read (ustally over a serial port).!br
There is a reason why isdnlog has not support this until now. To evaluate
this data, isdnlog has to be able to access the date immediately after
the RELEASE COMPLETE, before any new data is sent on the D channel. The
PBXs tested up to now have all been too slow (in particular the widely
used ISTEC). The only possibility is to combine the data afterwards. But
then there are problems with synchronizing the different times. Whoever
want to attempt to do this is welcomme (I'll make the logs from my
Ackermann Euracom available - Matthias Heßler <hessler@wi-inf.uni-essen.de>).
Q: Does isdnlog also calculate the new pricing plans of the German Telecom
(City Weekend, City Plus)?
A: Since the switching stations don't get this information, the charge
units are not sent correctly. But the next version of isdnlog (<2.52)
will be able to do this.
Q: How can I get isdnlog to calculate the charges for the Dutch telephone
company?
A: You need to set "COPTS=--DISDN_NL" in the isdnlog Makefile and recompile.
Q: How can I get isdnlog to calculate the charges for the Swiss telephone
company?
A: You need to set "COPTS=--DISDN_CH" in the isdnlog Makefile and recompile.
Q: How can I display the data transfer rates graphically?
A: You can use "xisdnload". Clemens Perz <listperz@gwsnet.ttt.de> on 6 Feb 1997
knew of another possibility:!br
On Sunsite I found a little tool for the console called netload, and
apapted it for the ISDN interfaces. With it you can quite easily see
the current traffic on the line. It can be found at:!br
!link
ftp://ftp.region.trier.de/pub/unix/linux/sources/network/isdn/netload-0.92.isdn.tar.gz;!br
Simply start with netload isdnxx
!3Isdnbutton
Q: What script should I use to bring down isdnbutton?
A: Markus Gutschke <gutschk@uni-muenster.de> (the author) wrote
on 21 Dec 1996:!br
Here I use something like:
!verbon
#!/bin/bash
#ISDNBUTTON: Disconnect ISDN
/sbin/isdnctrl list isdn0 | grep Outgoing | grep -q 0251XYZ &&
/sbin/isdnctrl delphone isdn0 out 0251XYZ
/sbin/isdnctrl hangup isdn0
exit 0
!verboff
[At the line ending with "&&", the next line must be continued!]!br
and
!verbon
#!/bin/bash
#ISDNBUTTON: Connect ISDN
/sbin/isdnctrl list isdn0 | grep Outgoing | grep -q 0251925020 ||
/sbin/isdnctrl addphone isdn0 out 0251925020
exit 0
!verboff
[At the line ending with "||", the next line must be continued!]
Q: What do the different states of isdnbutton mean (green, yellow, red)?
A: Markus Gutschke <gutschk@uni-muenster.de> wrote on 21 Dec 1996:!br
"isdnbutton" checks the following conditions:
!verbon
GREEN - at least one ISDN connection is active. Unfortunately
I'm unable to check how the connection was activated.
It doesn't have to be a network connection, and can
also be an incoming connection (at least for me, it would
be useful to distinguish these).
YELLOW- no active ISDN connection was found, but at least one
ISDN interface has an outgoing telephone number for
demand dialing. There is therefore the "danger" that
a connection will occur automatically.
RED - Neither of the above is true. This usually means that
a) the kernel doesn't recognize ISDN, or the ISDN
subsystem is not active, or
b) the outgoing ISDN connections are deactivated.
!verboff
!3Audio
!commenton
(Most of the answers you will find here are taken from the vbox manual by
Matthias Hessler <hessler@wi-inf.uni-essen.de> and
Bernhard Hailer <dl4mhk@lrz.uni-muenchen.de>; you can get the manual at:!br
!link http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~ui161ab/www/isdn/;!br
- click on "Audio!" (still in German we're afraid - sorry...)
!commentoff
!old
Q: What is the format of the audio messages (.msg) vbox plays when it
answers a call?
A: You can get the format from the messages with rmdgetheader. The samples
messages in the packages are recorded using format 4 (the latest
Zyxel-Compression)
!old
Q: How can I record my own messages for vboxgetty?
A: First call yourself on the number you configured vboxgetty to answer and
leave a message. Then rename the message to *.msg (standard.msg for the
main answering message) and copy it to the directory where all the
messages are kept (usually /var/spool/vbox/user/messages where user is
the user for which vboxgetty is configured).
You can also record a message using a microphone and the soundcard.
!old
Q: How can I play audio messages locally using /dev/audio?
A: This is best achieved with vbox using format 6 (uLaw - must be compiled
in). You can then easily play the messages using:
!verbon
cat xxx > /dev/audio
!verboff
where xxx is the message-file.
!old
Q: If vboxgetty has recorded a message in a format which can not be played
using "cat xxx>/dev/audio" how can I still hear the message?
A: Siehe dazu die gleiche Frage im Abschnitt "Audio" im Kapitel
"Troubleshooting".
!old
Q: How can I convert audio messages which where recorded by vbox to other
formats (i.e. from uLaw to WAV)?
A: The standard tool for converting all sound formats is SOX. SOX is
available as source code for both UNIX and DOS. You can get it at:!br
!link http://www.powerweb.de/mpeg/util/msdos/sox10c.zip;!br
(including sources that compile under Linux).
Q: How can I format WAV for uLaw (for my vbox announcement message)?
A: We receive the following tip form Christian Stueble
<stueble@ls6.informatik.uni-dortmund.de> on 15 Jan 1997:!br
For me, the following (somewhat indirect) method works:
!verbon
sox <file>.wav -r 8000 <file>.ul rate
rmdcatheader -u <file.ul> > <file>.msg
cat <file>.ul >> <file>.msg
!verboff
It could be that you have to give different parameters to sox.
As a first test you can try <file>.msg > /dev/audio, you should
be able to hear something.
!3Diald
!old
Q: How can I combine i4l with diald?
A: Wim Bonis <bonis@kiss.de> wrote:!br
The patches for diald can be found at:!br
!link ftp://ftp.kiss.de/pub/linux/isdn4linux/diald-0.13-device-patch;!br
They work with diald-0.14. When a newer diald comes out, I'll adjust
the patches accordingly...
!old
Q: Are there any example scripts for diald?
A: Yes, by Rainer May <r_may@khavi.desaster.heide.de>:
!verbon
At boot "diald" is configured:
# /etc/rc.d/rc.diald
/usr/sbin/diald /dev/ttyI4 -m ppp \
local 192.168.90.9 remote 192.168.90.1 \
defaultroute dynamic modem crtscts lock connect "chat -v -f \
In /etc/ppp/chat.provider the following entry is made:
TIMEOUT 240 "" AT&E1234 OK ATD047110815 ogin: Puser sword: topsecret
(phone number, name and password are fictional)
!verboff
!3Chargeint
[Attention! Chargeint only needs to be patched in the kernel for older
configurations. Starting with kernel 2.0.30/HiSax 2.0, chargeint is
automatically integrated into the kernel. Ed.]
!old
Q: How can I use the "chargeint" patch, so i4l will hang up before the next
charge unit begins?
A: Sascha Ottolski <sascha@alzhimer.isdn.cs.tu-berlin.de> wrote:
!verbon
I use chargeint, it works great; for me charge units come during the
connections, but I think that can be adjusted by hand. The two patches in
isdnlog-2.50/contrib/chargeint are for the kernel sources and for
isdn4k-utils-2.0; then compile isdn with the -Dchargeint flag (see
Makefile). The kernel and isdnctrl of course also have to be recompiled.
Then start isdnlog with the -hx option, where x is the number of seconds
left until the next charge unit. Then chargeint will hang up. In the
start script for ISDN, define a huptimeout as usual to activate the
chargeint:
/sbin/isdnctrl huptimeout ippp0 80 # in sec;
if needed /sbin/isdnctrl chargeint ippp0
!verboff
Olav Brinkmann <olav@max.north.de> wrote:
!verbon
The chargeint always hangs up two seconds before the end of the charge
unit. isdnlog, if compiled with -Dchargeint, sets the length of the
charge unit (i.e. Charge Interval) according to the time of day and the
date. An additional parameter for "-h" will reduce this length of time by
the given value. This additional parameter should not be used with
chargeint, otherwise chargeint will end the connection too early. This
error increases with the number of charge units. Therefore: "-h0" to
avoid this problem.
> /sbin/isdnctrl huptimeout ippp0 80 # in sec;
In this example is can be much short; I use 5 seconds. Then I can use the
last charge unit up the last 7 seconds (huptimeout + 2 seconds
"chargeint reserve").
> /sbin/isdnctrl chargeint ippp0
Not needed; taken care of with by isdnlog with "-h".
!verboff
Q: With which drivers can I use the chargeint patch?
A: You can use the Teles or the HiSax driver. Of course, isdnlog must
be running correctly (isdnlog 2.50 has to be patched to 2.51
to run with the HiSax driver).
Q: When does it not make sense to use the chargeint patch?
A: There are problems when the IP is assigned dynamically. Then a broken
connection cannot simply be restarted (since the IP address has changed).
The interrupted FTP, telnet or WWW connection must then be newly
established.
!old
Q: How does the chargeint patch work?
A: With the isdnctrl parameter "chargeset" you can set the length of a charge
unit, so that it can hang up at the correct time. However, since the length
of a charge unit depends on the time of day, day of week, holiday, etc., it
makes no sense to use a set value. Here's where isdnlog comes in. It
notices when a connection is established and calculates the length of a
charge unit depending on the time of day, day of week, holiday. This is
then given to isdnctrl, so it can hang up at the right time. isdnlog
"tunes" isdnctrl at each connection, and also during a connection (when
isdnlog is run with the "-w x" parameter). isdnlog allows isdnctrl exactly
2 seconds before the next charge unit to hang up, as long as the time
entered with "huptimeout" has elapsed with no data being transferred. The
transmission of a charge unit impulse is not necessary, since the times are
calculated closely enough. The charge unit impulse is sent a varying
intervals, so it cannot be relied upon
Q: How do I configure the chargeint patch?
A: Andreas Kool <akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de> wrote on 3 Jan 1997:
!verbon
1. Apply the patch "isdnlog-2.50/contrib/chargeint/patch-chargeint-2.04"
to the kernel, rebuild the kernel and reboot.
2. Patch isdn4k-utils-2.0 with
"isdnlog-2.50/contrib/chargeint/patch-chargeint-kutils",
make clean; make install
3. In etc/isdnlog/isdnlog.conf" enter the appropriate interface
in column 4 for those partners you wish to add, and double check
that the zone entries are correct.
4. In the "Makefile" for isdnlog, insert "-DCHARGEINT" for "COPTS",
make clean; make install
5. start isdnlog the additional option "-h0", done!
!verboff
Q: Where can I find more detailed instructions for the chargeint patch?
A: Georg v. Zezschwitz <gvz@hamburg.pop.de> wrote on 29 Nov 1996:!br
I've finally written some quick and dirty docs for the chargeint patch:
- For whom is it appropriate?
- How do I apply it?
- What does it do?
- How can it be best configured?
Default URL: !link http://www.provi.de/~gvz/chargeint.html;
Q: How can I be sure that the chargeint patch is using the correct time?
A: It's best to synchronize the clock in your own computer with that of
the switching station with "isdnlog -t2". For setting the clock, see the
"Miscellaneous" section, the question: "How can I set the clock of my
computer with ISDN?"
!3Dial-In
Q: How can I enable others to login via ISDN?
A: The same way as via a normal serial port. Start a getty (mgetty from Gert
Doering is highly recommended) on one of the ISDN devices with modem
emulation (/dev/ttyI*). The entry in /etc/inittab looks like this:
!verbon
#
# ISDN Lines
#
I0:56:respawn:/usr/local/sbin/mgetty ttyI0
I1:56:respawn:/usr/local/sbin/mgetty ttyI1
!verboff
Then the init string needs to be entered in the mgetty.config, since
mgetty needs to know which MSN or EAZ to "listen" to. Here is an example
for /dev/ttyI0
!verbon
port ttyI0
modem-type data
speed 38400
init-chat "" ATZ OK AT&E0 OK AT&B512 OK
!verboff
The example sets the EAZ (with 1TR6-ISDN) to 0. For Euro ISDN, the MSN
(without area code) would be given instead of the 0 in "AT&E0".
For X.75 the block size is set to 512 bytes.
Alternatively you can enter the entire configuration onto a single line
in /etc/inittab (here printed on two lines!):
!verbon
i0:45:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -D -m '"" ATZ OK AT&E0 OK AT&B512 OK'
-s 38400 ttyI0
!verboff
The most elegant way is to use iprofd. This daemon takes advantage of
the AT&W0 command in the i4l modem emulation. You start iprofd
with a path as parameter, e.g. "iprofd /etc/i4lprofile"
Then with minicom or another terminal program, open an ISDN tty
device and enter the necessary AT commander by hand.
When finished, enter the command AT&W0, then the kernel notifies iprofd
to write the current configuration to the file. From now on it is enough
to start iprofd in you isdn init script, and to initialize the appropriate
ISDN tty devices with ATZ
!old
Q: Someone would like to dial in to my mgetty with HDLC. Is ttyI1 correct,
or do I have to start with ttyI0?
A: No, it doesn't matter. It also has nothing to do with the number of the
B channel (0 or 1). You just have to activate HDLC in the init string
(ATS14=3).
!old
Q: Is it possible with mgetty to automatically start pppd when LCP frames
are received?
A: Yes, it is. You have to compile mgetty with "-DAUTO_PPP" and then
in the file /usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config, the line
!verbon
#/AutoPPP/ - ppp /usr/sbin/pppd auth -chap +pap login kdebug 7 debug
!verboff
should be uncommented and edited.
Q: How can I have (i)pppd check passwords from /etc/passwd instead of
/etc/ppp/pap-secrets when someone dials in?
A: G. Richter <richter@ecos.de> wrote on 17 Dec 1996:!br
In /etc/ppp/pap-secrets, each user must have the following line, if you
want to allow in only certain users:
!verbon
<login-name> * ""
!verboff
or to allow all users simply:
!verbon
* * ""
!verboff
[The latter can also be achieved when the file pap-secrets does not
exist - Ed.]!br
In either case, ipppd should be started with the options "login" and
"auth".
Q: How can I allow several people to call in to me at once?
A: You have to configure exactly as many gettys or network interfaces as the
number of people allowed to call in at one time. These gettys or network
interfaces can be set to the same MSN, since several people can be
connected to a MSN at the same time (as long as there are B channels free).
However, not more than one getty can be assigned to a single ttyI* device.
See also the question "How can I use more than one ippp* device?"
Q: Can I use just !u1one!u0 MSN to serve customers both with a getty (modem
emulation and with the network?
A: Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> wrote on 7 Nov 1996:!br
Yes. On the one hand, the _customer's_ MSN is enough if the network
interface is set to secure on, and customers who want mgetty won't
be listed there.!br
On the other hand, you can get mgetty to recognize a ppp attempt and to
then start (i)pppd (although I'm not sure how that would work with ISDN,
it works for modems).!br
Otherwise you can try to teach isdn4linux the HLCs, but then you also have
to get the customer to have the correct settings. But the first suggestion
will be enough, as long as you don't have any customers who have one MSN but
want sometimes this and other times something else.
Q: Can I get the advantages of a multiple-PBX line (one MSN for all ISDN ports)
with a multiple-device line [German Telekom]?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 7 Nov 1996:!br
According to various articles in the newsgroups, you can get this for
multiple-device lines as well, although most of the Tele-Comics don't
know about it and it doesn't work in all switching areas.!br
[This is called a bundled line - Ed.]
!old
Q: When a Fritz! card calls with X.75, Linux crashes. What can I do?
A: Karsten Keil <isdn4@temic-ech.spacenet.de> has written a new driver (the
"HiSax driver"). It includes a bug fix for this.
Also see the questions General HiSax and the section HiSax driver in this
FAQ.
!old
Q: An AVM (A1 or B1) cannot call in to me with X.75, either
under Win95 or under OS/2?
A: This is a known problem, see the last question. This has now been
solved in the HiSax driver, and Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de>
has posted a patch for the Teles driver as well.
!old
Q: How can enable a Fritz! card to call in to me?
A: As long as the patch form Karsten Keil <isdn4@temic-ech.spacenet.de> is not
applied: only with HDLC - if the card tries to call in with X.75
isdn4linux likes to hang. Therefore you should set up a separate
MSN for Fritz! cards with HDLC. The HiSax driver also has the same
problem. Note from Roland Rosenfeld <roland@spinnaker.rhein.de>:
If you've used up your three MSNs, you can play tricks with the
service recognition, e.g.
!verbon
MSN Analog Digital
=== ====== =======
1 Voice + ISDN answering machine HDLC, PPP
2 Voice (Mother) Net interface
3 Modem/Fax X.75
!verboff
If you want, you can install another answering machine on MSN 2
that plays a totally different message...
!old
Q: Which ISDN routers are there that are OS-independent?
A: Sakari Aaltonen <sakari@picea.hut.fi>:
!verbon
There seems to be a lot of routers with 1 BRI, those that have more
are expensive (Cisco 4000 with four connection about DM 15000.--,
Ascend Pipeline 400: ?).
!verboff
Jürgen Goeritz <juergen@bart.simpson.inka.de>:
!verbon
ISDN routers with 4xBRI are less expensive from a German
manufacturer - see !link http://www.conware.de/;
!verboff
Jochen Wiedmann <Jochen.Wiedmann@Neckar-Alb.DE>:
!verbon
A Banzai! might also help. As hardware any PC with (e.g.) Teles
cards would work, the software costs around 800-1000 DM. I
personally don't like Banzai! routers at all because of their
poor diagnostic capabilities, in particular remote maintenance as
pretty much impossible (unless you have the SNMP capable version,
but it costs somewhat more). But when they run, they run stable
and as opposed to Ciscos they are capable of real callback. From
Cisco as an alternative there is the Cisco 2503 for about 5000
DM, that has only one Port, but two serial interfaces, on which
you can connect a TA (each about 800 DM). Finally, last, not
least you can bit the bullet and get several Cisco 1003s
(ca. 2000DM each). In case the price does not play such a bit
role, I would take this variation. I simply like Ciscos. :-)
!verboff
Winfried Haug <haug@seicom.net>:
!verbon
You need to decide, which is more important to you:
(1) saving money
(2) saving time
For (1) there are two solutions:
- Banzai! (now called Flux or Concorde..)
-> !link http://www.concorde.de/; (from cls, www.cls.de)
-> !link http://www.flux.de/; (from INS, www.ins.de).
Based on at least a 386 and routes Ethernet -> ISDN, works with
many cards, the programmers themselves work with Teles.
Disadvantages: not cleanly remotely configurable, unless you
buy the SNMP option, which makes it more expensive and
therefore more unattractive...
- ISPA + PCROUTE
-> !link http://www.biochem.mpg.de/~heha/;
also requires a PC (also works with 286). Has much
fewer options than Banzai, Flux, Concorde etc., and is not at all
remotely configurable, but runs totally stable.
PCROUTE costs nothing, ISPA now costs 70.-, perhaps you can still find
version 2.41 that runs unlimited even without a key.
Both solutions support pretty much all ISDN protocols (including
the diverse HDLC variations etc..). Support for SPVs (soon
obsolete) and D64S is there at least for Teles cards (depends on
the CAPI, not the software). You can get old PCs for <1.000 DM,
the Teles card also doesn't cost much but die Flux, Concorde
software is expensive if you get SNMP as well -> you are then at
2.000.- and you could just as well buy a cisco1003... (2) IF you
don't want to assemble anything yourself, you can take with 4
individual Cisco1003 routers, at around 2300.- and all of your
problems are more or less solved (other than the diverse IOS
bugs...). But CISCO router can't do "correct" callback... and as
protocol only PPP (although there are IOS versions, that don't do
it cleanly) and CISCO-HDLC. If you need 4 BRIs -> CISCO 4000,
but then you should get the 8 BRIs, costs just under 2.000 DM
less. But then you have to invest somewhat more than
10.000.-...:-( Another variation: ELSA LANCOM MPR, also costs <
2.000 DM, can do callback, various protocols (HDLC, X.75, PPP)
and is really nice to configure. At the Interop, a Shiva ISDN
Router with a/b switch for 1600 DM was exhibited, but with 4 BRI
ports you'd be somewhat over 6000 DM... Then there are
several manufacturers that offer simple BRI routers (prices
tending to fall well under 2.000), e.g. ASCEND, MIRO etc... But
if you must have 4 BRIs, there's only the choice between Cisco
and Ascend.. uh... and since you asked about Ascend, I have a
price list here from Ascend (July 96), the max400 WITHOUT BRI
port already costs 15.750.-, the 4-way BRI is then an additional
11.250 DM... I think that's enough about Ascend...:-(
In case you have nothing against a PC solution, you could also
use netGW from netcs (!link http://www.netcs.com;). This is software
for SCO, AIX, Sun etc. and is based on PCs e.g. the cards from
Diehl ISDN. netGW should offer by far the most protocols and
options, but then you have to become familiar with a PC the
problems that come along with it. A SCO solution with 4- ISDN
cards + Software costs also around 10.000 DM, however. We have
now returned almost all of our Banzai! and Co, since in the long
run they are only poorly remotely administrable and are nowhere
near as stable as Cisco or other stand-alone routers... In the
end, it is a decision of you would rather spend more money, and it
runs right away, or you build your own PC router and have to play
to get it going. You have to decide for yourself, although Teles
can drive you to desperation since the CAPI versions often have
huge problems as normal users can't get any older
versions. Support at Teles is not that great (toll 0190-8 phone
number), and you can easily spend 20-30 DM on support call
without getting an solution to your problem...
!verboff
Christian Kratzer <ck@toplink.net> added on 19 Oct 1996:
!verbon
Cisco is even cheaper than Linux for PRI. Or have you checked what
PRI cards for PCs cost. ;) Then you need the right drivers etc...
Then you'll quickly be well over 20k. You can get a 4000 with PRI
for 12-15kDM. And if you try to it with individual SOs, then it really
gets expensive...
For dialup up to 4 x BRI (which is what fits into one case), Linux
is unbeatable for price/performance. Even a second machine still
makes sense.
But then you need to start thinking about a PRI solution. Both
run stable and with not problems for us.
!verboff
!3Leased lines
!old
Q: How does establishing and ending a connection work with D64S
without signaling?
A: The data are simply sent out! If you at the end of the D64S or 2MB
line, you tell your router that the line itself is "up". You have -
other than with ping etc. - NO possibility to recognize whether the
connection is there or not. (with ISPA for example, the outgoing
wheels turn...) The only thing that you can measure on your site
is the loop to the next switching station. If you used Bchan2
instead of Bchan1 and send out data, they have to come back. Then
you can take your statistics. The assumes that the Telekom has the
unused Bchan setup this way at the switching station. This way we
once proved to the Telekom the line itself had a broken cable...
What can happen, if you don't automatically assume that the line
is there, that no data will flow if the other side is not yet
"up". With ISPA, for example, the pseudo numbers 1tap or 2tap are
first called with the first data packets and the protocol is
started. Incoming packets are simply ignored, among other reasons
because of the missing signaling. Only S01 or S02 lines have a D
channel and have something to use with signaling, however the best
known solutions also use this 16kb for data transfers to get 144kb
instead of 128kb. So just try it by sending out the data, assuming
that line is there :-). In this case the data end up in Nirvana...
!old
Q: With i4l, how can I successfully use the Teles card on a D64 leased line?
A: A later version of the new HiSax driver will support
D64 (more about this driver above).
Michael Hipp <Michael.Hipp@student.uni-tuebingen.de> added on 8.10.1996:
!verbon
If you don't want to wait for Karsten's patch, you can try the
so-called isachscx driver. It can be found at
!link http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~hipp/isdn/isachscx.c.gz;
The driver is derived from the i4l Teles driver, but doesn't need
the i4l link level. A desire to experiment is required to try
this driver.
!verboff
Q: Can I connect two computers with ICN cards over a D64s leased line?
How? Where can I find documentation?
A: Torsten Hentschel <Torsten.Hentschel@DInet.de> wrote on 2 Jan 1997:
!verbon
That surely works. We have it working here. It's also stable
(kernel >2.0.26 is necessary, otherwise the router might come
to a halt). Only, if you pull out the plug to the terminal
adapter and insert it again, or if the Telekom produces an error,
then you have to have both sides hang up once (or twice) to
bring the connection backup. In emergency you have a "ping"
and a "isdnctrl hangup" done with cron. I don't know of any
other docs or source code, but I'd be happy to help with any
further questions, since other helped me before
There are several things to watch out for. LEASEDx is the
incoming number on the device; an outgoing number is not
necessary, since the kernel (or the firmware, I'm not sure)
generates pseudo-incoming calls, as long as no one has "picked
up". In LEASED x, the small "x" should be replaced by the
number of the SO interface.
In each of our routers we have four interfaces (numbered as
0, 1, 2, 3), and I used the last interface as the LEASED line.
That makes sense, since the other three interfaces are used for
6 B channels for dialup lines, and the kernel always uses the
first free line for outgoing calls. If the leased line were on
interface 0, then the second B channel of the leased line would
appear (but only appear) to be free. The kernel doesn't notice
(because of the active card) that there is no D channel for
dialing there, and will dial, and dial, and dial.
For this reason, I've created an extra ISDN network interface
and have bound it exclusively to the apparent B channel of the
leased line, so that after 6 dialout lines are in use the
kernel attempt to dial out on the leased line.
Another important stumbling block is that the first pseudo-
incoming call must be answered (otherwise only the third, then
the fifth will work, I don't know exactly why, but I suspect
it's caused by the two B channels, for which calls are generated
in turn, while a D64 has only one B channel).
The immediate acceptance of the call is setup as follows:
* Load the module for the ICN card and configure (load the firmware,
bus reject, ...) BUT NOT YET icnctrl -d XXX leased"
* Generate the network interface for the kernel with innumber LEASEDx
and all the other stuff you need (IP address, ...).
Don't forget to bind to the appropriate S0 interface.
* NOW: icnctrl -d XXX leased
The network interface has to already be up when "icnctrl -d XXX leased"
is called. Then this command starts the first call and can then be
immediately answered - and pop, the connection is made.
!verboff
G. Richter <richter@ecos.de> added on 3 Jan 1997:!br
This has worked for use (with a CISCO router as partner) with no problems
for nearly two months.!br
Make sure the EAZ is set to 1 and the the line is set to leased with
isdnctrl, the rest is just like a dialup line (except telephone number
and timeouts)!br
An example script is under
!link http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/~web/ISDN.html;
!old
Q: With ISDN, can I use one channel as a leased line and
other as a dialup line?
A: Tomas Pospisek <tpo@spin.ch> wrote:
!verbon
Yes, you can (at least in Switzerland). You have to make sure you are
on the correct channel ;)
!verboff
!old
Q: I have a leased line connection to a ICN, however the ping times are too
long.
A: Fritz Elfert <fritz@wuemaus.franken.de> wrote:
!verbon
TIMER_BCREAD = Intervall für B-Kanal-Poll (unit = jiffies = 20ms)
TIMER_DCREAD = Intervall für D-Kanal-Poll ditto
FLAG_RBTIMER (and other FLAG_...) call the appropriate functions from the
main time dispatcher.
!verboff
Tomas Pospisek <tpo@spin.ch> wrote to us:
!verbon
Because of the ping times, I've reduced BCREAD, (was 3 before)
[since 2.0.16 at 1, Ed.]
The resolution of the timer in Linux is only 20ms, so
ICN_TIMER_BCREAD=0 does nothing. In addition, this is only a
cosmetic problem. Both (sending and receiving) routines empty the
queue. i.e. when there is real traffic, in each cycle is not only
just one fragment sent, but up to 16. The card buffer contains 16
fragments. Only with ping and Co. is this visible. FTP (or also
Z-Modem over ttyI) can do close to 8k cps without problem. In
addition, in each cycle both directions are served, so the
calculation 20ms-receive + 20ms-send is therefore incorrect. Even
not considering this, 40ms is a really good value. Many ISDN
routers (also i4l before the reduction to BCREAD=1) have 60ms and
more.
!verboff
!3SPV
Q: What is a SPV?
A: SPV stands for "semipermanente Verbindung" (semipermanent connection)
and is a (soon to be obsolete) specialty of the German Telekom. Like
a leased line, the calling partner is fixed, however the connection
is only established as needed (which occurs very quickly, much quicker
that a dial connection). Since the Telekom can use the line for other
things when it's not needed, the SPV is cheaper than a leased line.
Q: How long will there still be SPVs?
A: Steffen Sledz <sledz@dgroup.de> wrote on 5 Dec 1996:
!verbon
Due to a couple of lawsuits against the Telekom before the
European Court of Justice, most likely until the end of
1997. This will be posted in the appropriate newsgroups
and probably also at !link http://www.birch.de
(who is suing).
!verboff
Q: Does isdn4linux support SPVs? How?
A: To switch on the support for SPVs, add an "S" before the number
to be dialed. This works (quite well) for modem emulations as well
as for defined network interfaces.
!3Channel bundling
Q: What is channel bundling and how can I use it?
A: Channel bundling is currently supported by isdn4Linux in two variations:!br
* !b1Raw Bundling!b0 (configuration of so-called slave channels)!br
* !b1MPPP!b0 (based on syncPPP)!br
Both variations have their own advantages and disadvantages. See the following
questions.
Q: What is raw bundling?
A: Raw bundling works similarly to raw IP, only with several channels.
Therefore, it has the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of
raw IP. Raw bundling requires a network interface for each channel
that is used. One network interface, the so-called master interface,
controls the establishment and breaking of connections. For each
further channel, an additional so-called slave interface is configured,
that is automatically switched on by the master interface.
Q: How do I use raw bundling?
A: The master interface is created as usual with
!verbon
isdnctrl addif <master interface>
!verboff
and configured. For all required slave channels, slave interfaces
are created with the command:
!verbon
isdnctrl addslave <master interface> <slave interface>
!verboff
and configured as usual (e.g. "isdnctrl sdelay <slave interface> <delay>").
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of raw bundling?
A: Raw bundling has all the advantages and disadvantages of raw IP.
Compared to MPPP, raw bundling has the advantage that isdn4linux
itself can open and close the needed slave channels. Unfortunately
raw bundling still has problems with transfer rates. See the further
questions below.
Q: Is there are working example script for raw bundling?
A: Yes, the FAQ editors have such a script from Robert O'Kane
<okane@em.uni-frankfurt.de>. It can be obtained either from Robert
or from us.
Q: What's the current situation with raw bundling?
A: Robert O'Kane <okane@em.uni-frankfurt.de> wrote on 27 Dec 1996:!br
After starting up 2.0.27 I have started again with channel
bundling with a bit more success than before.
!verbon
1st: There seems to have been a change in the "BogoCharsPerSecond"
calculations. This now gives values (for me) from 60 ->101.
The values used by the isdn-net code for starting the slaves is
still set to 7000 cps! Needless to say it doesn't see these
values anymore. After setting it to 75, I get the channels
starting again.
2nd: With 1 B-channel, I get 8K /sec (full)
With 2 B-Channels, I get ~14K /sec (~88 % util.)
With 3 B-Channels, I get ~18K /sec (~75 % util.)
With 4 B-Channels, I get ~15K /sec (~50 % util.)
!verboff
All cards Teles 16.3, Euro ISDN, Linux 2.0.27, Libc-5.4.13, binutils
2.7.0.3, Pentium 100 <-> 486DX4/100.!br
This is with rawIP/HDLC, 15sec slave delay/ FTP transfer of 100Mb file.
These results are not the most accurate but show the general results.
There was no apparent difference when using the Teles or the HiSax
drivers.!br
While watching the bogo-cps (isdnctrl verbose 4), I can see the
values for each B-channel holding around 80 until the 4th B-channel
kicks in. Then the values become erratic.!br
1 channel 101, 2nd 40, 3rd 0(!), 4th 40....!br
Question: How could I check if the isdn-net interface is being
starved or if the scheduling algorithm is just not being too smart at
these bit-rates?!br
Has anyone else done/had these kinds of experiences ?
Robert O'Kane <okane@em.uni-frankfurt.de> added am 1. Feb 1997:
I now use 2.0.28 and HiSax 1.5 with NO difference in bandwidth.
(I also choose 70 for the CPS trigger and 30 seconds slave delay).
Could you also try setting isdnctrl verbose 4 and watch the bogocps
calculations for the channels during a ftp transfer. What I think you
will see is that some of the channels don't send at full speed. I think
this is a problem with the kernel/IRQ interaction not feeding the
channels enough data. Could it be that the kernel buffers are not large
enough for more that 3 channels of data? This could be an explanation
of why the user-space PPP program can get more data our and into the
kernel.
Q: What is MPPP?
A: MPPP or MP or MPP (Warning: MP is also an acronym for 'Multi Processor')
stands for Multi Point to Point and means bundling of several channels to
one logical stream. To enable MPPP negotiation you must call the ipppd with
the "+mp" option. You must also configure a slave device for every
additional channel (see the i4l manual for more). To use channel bundling
you must first activate the 'master' or initial call. Now you can add the
slave channels with the command:
!verbon
isdnctrl addlink <device>
!verboff
e.g.:
!verbon
isdnctrl addlink ippp0
!verboff
This is different to other encapsulations of isdn4linux! With syncPPP,
there is no automatic activation of slave devices.
!old
Q: How can I use the MPPP material?
A: To use the MPPP material, you have to configure a slave device with
ISDN4Linux. ipppd can then be started with the "+mp" option. To increase the
number of open connections, use the "addlink" option of the "isdnctrl"
command. In the file etc/rc.isdn.syncppp.MPPP in the isdn4kernel-util
Package you can find an example script.
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of MPPP?
A: A disadvantage is that the slave channel has to be activated
"manually". ipppd cannot by itself turn the slave channel on and
off as it needs to. The normal automatic functions of ipppd are
either unreliable (auto hangup) don't work at all (auto dial).
This is not true for the other encapsulations. The transfers
rates are very good (ca. 30 KB/s with 4 channels).
!old
Q: I tried MPPP but it doesn't work. The ipppd writes in the debug log
something like:
!verbon
...
rcvd [0][proto=0x3d] c0 00 00 00 80 fd 01 01 00 0a
...
sent [0][LCP ProtRej id=0x2 00 3d c0 00 00 00 80 fd 01
...
!verboff
A: You forgot to compile MPPP/RFC1717 support into the ISDN Subsystem.
Recompile with this option enabled.
!old
Q: I use MPP. Unfortunately it hangs when just one packet is lost.
A: Szemethy Tivadar <tiv@sch.bme.hu> wrote 11.10.1996:
!verbon
I found a typo in kernel 2.0.20, that also exists in newer kernels.
If you replace the following line in isdn_ppp.c (function
isdn_timer_funct()):
#if (defined CONFIG_ISDN_PPP ) && (defined ISDN_CONFIG_MPP)
with
#if (defined CONFIG_ISDN_PPP) && (defined CONFIG_ISDN_MPP)
then MPP connection has a better chance.
Without this change, MPP will hang when just one packet is lost.
!verboff
!2Troubleshooting
!3General
Q: My isdn4linux doesn't work! How do I best go about finding the problem?
A: The following steps are recommended:!br!br
!verbon
1. First, check everything is working when booting.
Are there unusual error messages in /var/log/messages?
Are all programs active that should be started at boot (check with
ps, or fuser /dev/xxx)? HiSax won't start if something isn't right.
The old Teles driver, on the other hand, will appear to start even if
it is not working. See the questions under Troubleshooting Teles.
2. Second, try calling with a telephone. The number should be shown in
/var/log/messages. Otherwise, perhaps the driver was incorrectly
started?!
3. Third, continue experimenting using modem emulation. Because of the
differently service recognition, you can't get the telephone or fax to
ring, so we have to try something else. Open 2 different consoles as
root, and on each run "minicom -s"... in the first set "Serial Port
Setup Serial Device" to /dev/ttyI0, and the other to /dev/ttyI1. Then
choose "Exit" and start the modem emulation with "ATZ" and "AT&Exxxxxx"
(where xxxxxx is your own MSN without the area code). Then you can start
On the first console you can dial your own number with ATDxxxxxx. On the
second console you should now see "CALLER NUMBER: xxxxxxx" and "RING".
Accept the call on the second console with "ATA", and you should then
see the message "CONNECT 64000/X.75" on both consoles. You can then send
characters to the other console by typing (to see the characters on your
own console, turn on local echo).!br!br
4. Fourth, try calling a known ISDN BBS. If you don't know of any, try
Gernot (see "Are there sites that offer guest access where I can test my
isdn4linux setup?"). If you have problems with the modem emulation, see
"Troubleshooting Modem Emulation"!br!br
5. Fifth, try configuring the network interface or ipppd. Experience shows
that they cause beginners (and not only beginners!) the most problems.
To make things easier and you're happy with asyncPPP (to see what
asyncPPP means, see the question "pppd, ipppd, syncPPP, asyncPPP -
what is that? What should I use?"), you can use the normal pppd with
modem emulation (i.e. /dev/ttyI*).
!verboff
Otherwise, it is highly recommended that use an example script form
the HowTo (see the question "Where can I find scripts and other
information on configuring i4l?"). For testing you can try your own
provider or of the guest accounts (see "Are there sites that offer
guest access where I can test my isdn4linux setup?"). The latter
have the advantage of being able to see the log files as well as a
stable, working configuration. For example, if accessing via ipppd
doesn't work, you can log in via modem or modem emulation to find
out what happened on the other side. Not all providers are so
cooperative.... :-)
!old
Q: I have problems compiling isdn4k-utils-2.0. "ncurses.h" or "panel.h"
is not found. But curses.h does exist.
A: You need to set a link:
!verbon
ln -s /usr/include/curses.h /usr/include/ncurses.h
!verboff
Andreas Herbst <herbst@wiwi.uni-frankfurt.de> wrote:
!verbon
I haven't yet seen a newer distribution (neither Slackware
nor Debian) that contains a complete ncurses package.
/usr/include/ncurses.h is there - sometimes it's called curses.h,
but the include file panel.h must come from an original
ncurses package.
!verboff
Thomas Baetzler <bath0011@FH-Karlsruhe.DE> replied:
!verbon
With Debian you need to install not only ncurses nut also ncurses-dev
if you want to compile anything with it.
bash$ dpkg -S panel.h
ncurses3.0-dev: /usr/include/panel.h
!verboff
Q: Why does neither my telephone nor my fax machine ring when I call
them with isdn4linux?
A: Isdn4linux sets "digital data" as it's own service when it calls out.
The switching station will not route such calls to analog devices like
a telephone or a fax machine.
!old
Q: If i4l uses one B-channel then the other one will be blocked
(incoming as well as outgoing)...
A: This behavior is typical for a cable with confused a/b wiring. Some
NT from Quante had a wrong labeling. They caused exactly the
mentioned behavior if the PBX was connected to the plug of the NT
and the ISDN card to the pins of the NT. As soon as some device
activates the bus the other one can no longer get through.
Q: In the instructions for my NTBA it says that a crossed
a/b cable pair has no effect on the operation?
A: Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> wrote on 21 Jan 1997:
But only if for all devices a/b or a2/b2 are incorrect. When the
devices work individually, then the order of the receiving/
sending pair is correct.
Q: How can I test whether a a/b cable pair has been crossed?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 21 Jan 1997:!br
I simply start with the Western plug: 4 lines are used:
!verbon
| | | |
| | | |
1 2 3 4
!verboff
Then I can try to switch 1<>4 or 2<>3 or both.
Never switch the outer with the inner lines . [That would cross the
RX and TX lines and nothing will work - Ed.]!br
Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> added on 21 Jan 1997:!br
I'm assuming that you have connected the Teles not with the
RJ45, but rather with a bus line attached to the NT. (?)
Then open it up and switch a1 and b1. Try it out. If it doesn't
work, put them back and switch a2 and b2. If it still doesn't work,
try switching them both, although then I'd suspect that the RJ45
cable from the Telekom is crossed (which would then switch _both_).
As long as {a|b}1 and {a|b}2 are kept, nothing can break. If you
want to be sure, before plugging it in measure between pins
4 and 5 and between Pins 2 and 6 on the socket; there should be no
current, but between 3 and 4 and between 6 and 5 should be 40 V,
6 and 3 positive!br
If both devices are attached via RJ45, then one of the cables
has been twisted. That usually happens if one of the RJ45 plugs
has been attached upside-down (a1/b1 are inside, a2/b2 are outside,
so the order of the sending/receiving pairs is maintained), then
you just need a new plug and of course pliers for the RJ45, old
plug off, and new plug (in the right direction) on.!br
drauf.!br
Of course you can check the Cable FAQ and simply test everything with
a multimeter.
!old
Q: Even though I deactivated the signalling for incoming calls, an incoming
caller does not get a BUSY signal, although neither i4l nor any other ISDN
device is configured to use that MSN. Even when every usable B-channel is
used by i4l or another user an incoming caller will not get BUSY. The same
is true when I deactivate audio support for i4l.
A: i4l misbehaves by sending an ALERT when the telecom
signals an incoming call. This ALERT is not canceled by a RELEASE later on.
That's why the telecommunication company will give a normal ring instead of
a BUSY signal.!br
Karsten Keil <isdn4@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote about this on 11 Oct 1996:
!verbon
As I don't have a patch at hand I'll explain it this way: search for
CC_ALERTING_REQ in linux/drivers/isdn/teles/callc.c and comment out that
line. It should look like:
if (((chanp->chan & 1) + 1) & chanp->para.bchannel) { /* \
chanp->is.l4.l4l3(&chanp->is, CC_ALERTING_REQ, NULL); */
FsmChangeState(fi, ST_IN);
if (chanp->debug & 1)
That's the clean solution. For data connections there is no ALERT required
or expected. Voice applications only need ALERT when the want to wait for
several rings.
!verboff
Update by Karsten (14 Oct 1996):
!verbon
There is no alerting any more [in older HiSax versions - Ed.]
!verboff
An improved HiSax has been released that included an alerting function
that works.
!old
Q: When the router is active, incoming calls from customers hear ringing, even
when we're on the line with a support call. This gives the impression
that our employee doesn't answer the phone.
A: Jan den Ouden <denouden@groovin.xs4all.nl> recently posted a patch. Search
archive or contact Jan directly.
!old
Q: I closed all ISDN applications. Why can't I unload my ISDN modules
("isdn: Device or resource busy")?
A: Is some program using an ISDN device?
Did you remove all getty's?!br
Are isdnlog, imon, iprofd, etc., still running?!br
Maybe there is still a route on your net interface and it's not yet deleted
with "route del xxx"?!br
Maybe the net interface wasn't put down. This can easily happen when killing
ipppd. It does not react to signal 15 and has to be killed with "kill -9
<ipppd pid>". Then the net interface is left "up".!br
In this case "fuser -v /dev/isdn* /dev/ippp* /dev/cui* /dev/ttyI*"
is very helpful. This helpful program shows, which processes are
using those devices.!br
Sporadic errors of this type can be fixed by inserting sleep commands
between the unloading commands.
Q: I'm now certain I've closed all ISDN applications. I still sometimes
cannot unload the ISDN module ("isdn: Device or resource busy")...
A: Sporadic errors of this type can be fixed by inserting sleep commands
between the unloading commands.
Q: I still can't unload the modules. I use callback.
A: See the question "Irgendwie kommt der Module-Count bei Callbacks
durcheinander. Wie kann ich jetzt meine ISDN-Modul entladen?" under
"Callback" in the section "Troubleshooting".
!old
Q: My charge "impuls typ A" [German charge impulse at the end of a connection]
is not correctly transmitted, although the Telekom says they activated it.
A: Peter Gramlich <peter.gramlich@wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de>:
!verbon
In some cases the Telekom activated the charge impulses only for some
services. It seems they have to activate it separately for each service
(voice, data, G4-fax,...).
!verboff
Q: My PBX produces a reset on the SO bus every hour, after which
isdn4linux no longer accepts any calls?
A: With HiSax 1.5 isdn4linux will survive the bus reset..
!old
Q: My Ascotel PBX crashes i4l (connected on my internal bus).
A: Herbert Rosmanith <herp@wildsau.idv.uni-linz.ac.at> wrote:
!verbon
I think I found the reason why the Ascotel PBX crashes linux. It's not an
overly big "FACILITY" frame (as I wrote earlier) but a frame of an unknown
protocol (0x44, while EDSS1=0x08 and DIS_N0=0x40, DIS_N1=0x41).
[...]
Jan den Ouden made a patch for it that ignores such frames. Yes, I *did*
try that patch... but I must have made some silly mistake (did not load
modules properly?) or there was another reason for the crash. I don't know
what to do any more :-( I just tested 2.0.18 and tried to do a hexdump
instead of interpreting it - and now the machine doesn't crash any more.
And now I've tried to use 2.0.20 and it did not crash. *shrug*,
confusion...
Whatever the causes the crash, remember that Jan's patch should be
included with the standard driver. It's not a good idea that frames that
are not 1TR6 are interpreted as EDSS1 by default.
Remark: the patch mentioned here has a bug: X.75 won't work anymore.
!verboff
Q: My Teles 16.3 works behind a Quante IS-2 (identical to the
Ackermann Euracom 181) after a reset, only when I:
!verbon
1. unplug the PBX
2. turn off the PC
3. plug in the PBX
4. turn on the PC
!verboff
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 13 Jan 1997:!br
That should be taken care of with HiSax 1.5. (TEI remove problem).
!old
Q: I'm connected through an old PBX. Any attempt to dial out is refused with
cause 64?
A: Wolfgang Hamburg <wh@jumping.baltic.de> wrote on 8 Oct 1996:
!verbon
Cause 64 means "invalid information element contents" and is from the
12TR7 protocol that some PBX (in our case Octopus-M) use internally.
12TR7 includes 1TR6. I don't know more about it. My source was a nice
guy from the Telekom. They have "Richtlinien" (guidelines) that describe
the protocols.
!verboff
Q: I can't get my PBX, a proprietary Siemens Hicom, to work?
A: Sven Engelhardt <sven@sik.de> wrote on 20 Jan 1997:!br
The technicians have to always work a bit longer on the digital extensions.
Tip: there is a setting for the extension called "DSS1 with EAZ" that
can only be set by a technician. Then ISDN will usually work with the
loaded DSS1 driver, at least under WIN/DOS. The default setting is
usually "1TR6 with MSN" (don't flame me, it's real).!br
(However, my last experience with SIE* PBXs are from over a year ago,
since then I've kept away from them. If you still can't get it to work,
then there are a few thousand software patches for the HiComs, the
technicians have simply have to want to apply them. Sometimes it helps
to look at the programming handbook together with the technician to find
!old
Q: isdnctrl returns a "bus error" when I do a "isdnctrl list"?
A: Christian Kratzer <ck@toplink1.toplink.net> gave the patch:
!verbon
diff isdnctrl.c.dist isdnctrl.c
240c240
< if (strlen(cfg.slave))
---
> if (cfg.slave && strlen(cfg.slave))
!verboff
!old
Q: After a hangup "no routine" is printed on /dev/isdnctrl. Did it release my
line or is there still some bug in the driver?
A: "no routine" doesn't always mean that there is something wrong with the
driver. Sometimes the link level module sends commands that aren't needed
by the Teles driver and lead to "no routine".
!old
Q: I get many "HSCX RME out of buffers" messages in my syslog.
A: Answer by Jan den Ouden <denouden@groovin.xs4all.nl>:
The "HSCX RME out of buffers" message means that there are no more
receive buffers available. Received frames are only processed every few
milliseconds and in the meantime the frames have to be buffered. Default
are 6 buffers. Each frame needs a buffer no matter how big it is. If a
number of very small frames arrive within a short time period it can
happen that the buffers are overrun. At least it seems that this happens.
In teles.h there are three lines for number and size of those buffers:
!verbon
#define HSCX_RBUF_ORDER 1
#define HSCX_RBUF_BPPS 2
#define HSCX_RBUF_MAXPAGES 3
!verboff
The size of each buffer is about
!verbon
(4096<<HSCX_RBUF_ORDER)/HSCX_RBUF_BPPS
!verboff
This would lead to buffer with a size of about 4k. The number of buffers
is MSCX_RBUF_BPPS*HSCX_RBUF_MAXPAGES, which normally gives 6. You can
increase that number by increasing HSCX_RBUF_MAXPAGES. This is just a
limit, there is no buffer allocation when they are not needed.
Q: My pppd or ipppd has problems with PAP/CHAP authentication.
A: See the appropriate question under "Sync PPP"?
!old
Q: I get the error "SIOCADDRT: Invalid argument" when telling route to route
to isdn0.
A: <tpo@spin.ch> wrote on 8 Oct 1996:
!verbon
I had the same error until using the correct netmask.
!verboff
Q: Where can I find a summary of all causes?
A: Klaus Kämpf <kkaempf@progis.de> wrote:
Check out the ISPA documentation. Take a look at:
!link ftp://ftp.biochem.mpg.de//pc/isdn;.
Q: On my ELSA card, the LED for the loss of the TEI often blinks. My
connections are also often disrupted...
A: Jens Ey <jens@jeyhh.shnet.org> wrote on 29 Dec 1996:!br
These blinking LEDS are often caused by a bad cable or a too long or
unterminated SO bus. ELSO told me this after I complained to them
about this problem. A new cable, and everything works wonderfully.!br
Paul Slootman <paul@wau.mis.ah.nl> added on 2 Jan 1997:!br
Jan den Ouden suspects (in a Dutch news group), that the Dutch
telephone company sometimes "throws away a TEI" at night.
Q: My isdn driver crashes my machine! Since I've configured it as a module,
the addresses change each time it's loaded. How can I find out where the
driver is crashing?
A: The driver should be loaded with the command "insmod -m". The output
has to be transformed somewhat to be a form similar to System.map.!br
Fritz Elfert <fritz@wuemaus.franken.de> wrote on 17 Oct 1996:
!verbon
insmod -m isdn.o | sort | sed -e 's/ / T /g' |
egrep '.* T [a-z,A-Z,_]+' > /etc/isdn/isdn.map
cat /System.map /etc/isdn/isdn.map > /iSystem.map
!verboff
[The lines ending with "|" have to have the following text on the same line!]!br
iSystem.map should then be used instead of System.map for finding the error.
Q: My hard disk becomes very active when isdn4linux run. How can I turn this
off?
A: With "isdnctrl verbose 0", or by removing the "debug" option for ipppd.
!3Teles driver
!old
Q: How can I know that my Teles card (or compatible) is recognized correctly?
A: On bootup there has to be a message like "kernel: HSCX version A:5 B:5" as
well as "kernel: channels 2" in /var/log/messages. "A:4 B:4" is also OK.
All other values (especially "A:0 B:0" or "A:f B:f") show that the card
is not used correctly.
Q: What is the name if my Teles driver (especially if compiled into the
kernel)?
A: The name is what was given as "teles_id" when loading as a module. If LILO
is used, the name is also that what is given with "teles_id". If the Teles
driver is compiled into the kernel, the name is simply "" (two double
quotation marks). The name can be found out with "cat /dev/isdninfo"; it's
shown with "idmap".
!old
Q: On bootup I get "HSCX version A:5 B:5" but I still have the impression that
my Teles card is not used correctly. What else can I check?
A: Wilhelm Schulte <schulte@wrds1.urz.uni-wuppertal.de> wrote about this:
!verbon
Best is you check that the interrupt is registered correctly. Check it
with "cat /proc/interrupts". The following entry indicates an error:
11: 0 + teles
The 11 is correct when the Teles card is configured on interrupt 11.
However, the 0 means that the Teles card does not accept interrupts, so it
does not work. That's the well known "busy bug". Often it can be worked
around by loading, unloading, and reloading the ISDN modules on bootup.
The IRQ counter does have to be 0; low values also point to the same
problem. You can test for it quite easily:
1. cat /proc/interrupts, note the count
2. Call the card with a telephone.
3. Again cat /proc/interrupts, the count should be quite
different from the first value.
!verboff
See also "I always get BUSY when dialing into my ISDN mailbox". You can also
check the io ports with "cat /proc/ioports".
!old
Q: Why should I avoid IRQ 12 and 15 for my ISDN card?
A: Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> wrote about this:
!verbon
On PCI boards never use IRQ 12. It is often used by the bus mouse (even
though you may not have any or the IRQ is not activated for it), which is
why that IRQ often is lost and you will get errors trying to use it.
On PCI boards never use IRQ 15. It is often used by IDE 2 (even when you
are not using it or the IRQ is not activated for it), which is why that
IRQ often is lost and you will get errors trying to use it.
!verboff
It should be mentioned that this is not the case for *all* PCI boards! But
many of them mess up the IRQs in this way...
!old
Q: My Teles card will not be recognized correctly when I use LILO with my
parameters.
A: Unfortunately the order of the kernel parameter for irq, mem, io base, and
protocol is not identical with the order of the parameters for modules or
when compiling them in.
Order for module parameters (insmod): mem, irq, base, type
Order for kernel parameters (LILO): base, irq, mem, type
!old
Q: If I first start DOS and the Teles driver included with the card,
and then start Linux with Loadlin, everything works fine.
However, if I start Linux directly with LILO, the Teles driver
doesn't respond directly.
A: Try replacing the Teles driver with HiSax.
!old
Q: After a reset, my card does not initialize correctly.
A: Andreas M. Kirchwitz <isdn4linux-mlist@zikzak.snafu.de> wrote:
!verbon
Instead of a "reboot" command or pressing "Ctrl-Alt-Del"
try a "Hard Reset" with the reset button.
With some motherboards (which is not necessarily the motherboard's
fault) the cards are not completely reset with a "Soft Reset" so that
some drivers will have problems finding the cards.
!verboff
Of course, before the hard reset you have to bring the system down
correctly ("reboot" command or press "Ctrl-Alt-Del")! Only then
can you hit the reset button.
!old
Q: The Teles driver recognizes my 16.3 card as a 16.0.
A: When using a 16.3 you have to set the memory area to 0. If a 16.3 is
recognized as a 16.0 you have given the wrong parameter.
!old
Q: I use i4l and the Teles driver. From time to time the driver hangs and I
have to reload it.
A: You are using a [very] old version of the Teles driver. Since version 0.4a
this has been fixed. Check "How to get i4l" on how to get a newer driver.
!old
Q: My machine often crashes. On the console I get about every few seconds
!verbon
l1state 4
l1state 8
l1state 13
ph_command 9
l1state 4
l1state 0
ph_command 0
l1state 7
ph_command 9
!verboff
A: It could be a broken cable. The DOS hardware test software from Teles
should also report this error.
!old
Q: My Teles driver always says "isdn0: Chargesum is 0" although I get charge
information from the [German] Telekom.
A: The Teles driver does not support/use the German charge information,
because the author, Jan den Ouden lives in Netherlands and the charge
information is transmitted differently there than in Germany (so much for
"Euro"-ISDN :-( ).
Despite that isdnlog can handle the Q.921 information it gets via isdnctrl.
There is even a patch for isdnlog to end a connection just in time before
the next charge unit. Another patch even enables isdnlog to save the
charge information in a Postgres95 database. These patches may be included
in a new version of isdnlog.
!old
Q: My Teles driver does not work in 2.1.x!
A: Christian Mock <cm@kukuruz.ping.at> wrote on 7 Oct 1996 a patch about this
which can be obtained from him or the mailing list archives. Another patch
for 2.1.1 was posted from Markus Gutschke <gutschk@uni-muenster.de>, on the
7 Oct 1996, too.
Because of the many basic changes and adjusting problems only developers
should switch to 2.1.x at this point in time.
!old
Q: I have two Teles cards in my computer but it seems that only one is used!
A: Christian Kratzer <ck@toplink.net> wrote about this on 6 Oct 1996:
!verbon
Clear case of IRQ problems. Especially the 11 gives trouble on some
boards. Even though one thinks that some IRQs are available they are still
somehow reserved by the BIOS.
Good IRQs to try are always IRQ 5 and IRQ 9. Without mice or modems you could
also try 4 and 3. That even works on very exotic boards.
!verboff
Q: When compiling the Teles driver I get some undefined symbols (only kernel 2.0.26)?
A: The file proto.h was not included in the patch. It should read::
!verbon
#ifndef PROTO_H
#define PROTO_H
#define PROTO_EURO 0x08
#define PROTO_DIS_N0 0x40
#define PROTO_DIS_N1 0x41
#endif
!verboff
!3HiSax driver
Q: How can I tell whether my ISDN card has been corrected recognized by
the HiSax driver?
A: When booting, a message like this will appear in the log file:
!verbon
HiSax: Teles 16.3 found,irq:5 isac:a80 cfg:e80
HiSax: hscx A:280 hscx B:680
Teles3: HSCX version A: V2.1 B: V2.1
!verboff
Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 12 Dec 1996:!br
With HiSax you don't need to worry: it's loaded if the hardware
can be found and the appropriate interrupts can be generated. If
not, the module is not loaded. That doesn't mean that everything
will then work (e.g. twisted cables, broken cables, terminators),
but that card is installed correctly in the computer and there
are no hardware conflicts.
!old
Q: The Teles crashes again and again with the following error message
in the log:
!verbon
<date> <time> foo kernel: HSCX B EXIR 10
<date> <time> last message repeated <n> times
!verboff
A: The CPU isn't able to empty the FIFO. Is a sound card installed that
keeps the interrupts for itself for too long?
Q: My AVM card produces very many interrupts with the HiSax driver. Is this
normal or a problem with the HiSax driver?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 12 Nov 1996:!br
This is normal. AVM (and ELSA as well) have a timer on the card.
Since AVM doesn't cooperate, I don't know how to turn it off. With
the Elsa I know how, but don't do it since here hardly any performance
is lost and I use the interrupts for status reports (which is very
handy for development; as soon the driver was ready, nothing blinked
anymore ;-) ). Later I'll probably turn them off or only use them
during connections.
Q: The PNP tools done work with my Teles 16.3 PNP card!
A: It's probably not a Plug 'n Play card at all - even though Teles
now prints PNP on all their card and packaging. The difference is easy
to recognize: a real Teles PNP card no longer has the (tiny) Dip switches
on the card to set the IO addresses.
!3ICN driver
!old
Q: On dialing out/in with my ICN packets get lost.
A: Torsten Hentschel <Torsten.Hentschel@DInet.de> has a patch for kernel 2.0.21
which definitely does not lose any more packets. Contact Torsten.
!3Working together with other ISDN devices
!old
Q: I have problems connecting to an ELink.
A: Daniel Moeller (danny@rsun.lfn.unterland.de) wrote in 1996 to the
mailing list:
!verbon
A few weeks ago I reported on my problems connecting to a EL 310.
No connect message came for the data channel from ISDN. The
Elink was connected to 1TR6 and had identical settings to another
Elink on Euro-ISDN, with which I've never had problems. But now
for the past 2 weeks everything suddenly works fine, without
having changed anything locally.
Conclusion: The software at the switching station seems to play
a role...
!verboff
Q: I have problems connecting to a Netblazer router.
A: Michael Hipp <Michael.Hipp@student.uni-tuebingen.de> wrote in
Oct 1996:!br
Your partner probably thinks it can send compressed packets (even
though no compression method was chosen). Try removing these lines
from main.c:
!verbon
{ PPP_CCP, ccp_init, ccp_input, ccp_protrej,
ccp_printpkt, ccp_datainput, "CCP" }
!verboff
and recompile ipppd. Then it should reject the whole CCP protocol
and hopefully the Netblazer will understand that as well... (this
wouldn't be the first bug in the Netblazer... the thing doesn't seem
to be especially conformant. Funny that others don't seem to have this
problem; maybe it's time for a new software lease)!br
[The same problem can also crop up with asyncPPP. This same method
will also work (maybe there's even a compiler option to remove
the CCP protocol). With pppd 2.3 beta 3 there should be a "noccp"
option, that accomplishes this without recompiling. Ed.]
!commenton
More information can be found in the "Configuration" section under this same
title!
!commentoff
!3Raw IP
!old
Q: I get the error message "protocol error, unspecified".
A: "Protocol error, unspecified" means that messages or parts of messages came
in at a time where they weren't expected or the content of the message could
not be decoded.
Torsten Hentschel <Torsten.Hentschel@DInet.de> wrote about this:
!verbon
Especially the first packets of the protocol can be lost when they are
fired out onto the B-channel immediately after the connect message.
I had a problem with raw HDLC: it lost packets, but only when dialing from
one side to the other.
!verboff
A patch should be available from Torsten.
!3Modem emulation (use with ttyI* devices)
Q: When I dial with "ATD....." I always get a "NO CARRIER".
A: Before dialing, you have to enter "AT&E123456" (if 123456 is your
own MSN; with 1TR6 give the one-digit EAZ).
!old
Q: My modem emulation/pppd does not recognize an incoming call.
A: Probably you did not tell the modem emulation with "AT&E" which MSN to use.
For example, use "AT&E123456" if your MSN is 123456.
!old
Q: I gave the correct MSN/EAZ, but still don't get a RING.
A: If you put a getty to a cui* device it will never get a RING. That's not
i4l's fault, but the kernel's. HIGHLY RECOMMENDED: always use the /dev/ttyI*
devices! Since there is mgetty there is no need to use different devices for
incoming and outgoing calls. (The same goes for the normal /dev/ttyS* and
/dev/cua* devices for the serial interface.)
Q: Why can't I dial my telephone or fax with the modem emulation?
A: ISDN differentiates different services. All outgoing calls with the
modem emulation use the service "Digital Data", which is incompatible
with telephone or fax, so the call never gets through.
!old
Q: I can't get a connection to my ISDN mailbox.
A: There are several possible protocol parameters. There is HDLC, there is
X.75 and there are several possible block sizes with X.75. You can tell
the modem emulation about the block size with "AT&B". Mostly used is a block
size of 2048 byte: "AT&B2048". The Teles driver can not process blocks
longer than 2048 bytes (ICN can handle up to 4000 bytes).
!old
Q: I'm sure I used the correct parameters for my ISDN mailbox, but I still
don't get a connection. I always get BUSY although I know the mailbox is not
busy.
A: Sometimes there is an interrupt problem with the Teles driver. Check the
interrupt count for your Teles card. If "cat /proc/interrupts" just gives
you 0 then the following workaround may help you:
Configure your drivers as modules. When booting load them (insmod/modprobe),
then immediately unload them (rmmod) and reload them (insmod/modprobe).
Then it should work correctly...!br
Dr. Peter Schrammel <Dr.Peter.Schrammel@t-online.de> wrote:
!verbon
It may be a problem with your ISDN cable...
!verboff
!old
Q: My modem emulation hangs. How can I force my card to hang up?
A: Emil Stephan <ste@esqhen.su.eunet.de> wrote on 13 Oct 1996:
!verbon
If there is really no process using your modem emulation any more, try:
cu -l /dev/ttyI0 dir
+++
ath0
~.
Before and after "+++" you have to wait for a second, otherwise the modem
emulation won't recognize it as the escape sequence (like a normal modem).
Watch out for processes that (with "ps -ax") have something like "I0" or
"I1" in the second column, they have an ISDN terminal as their controlling
terminal. You may have to kill them with kill.
!verboff
Q: During a tty connection, I get a message from the kernel
"teles_writebuf: channel not open". Then no more input is accepted
for this connection.
A: Fritz Elfert <fritz@wuemaus.franken.de> wrote on 18 Nov 1996:!br
Usually the partner cannot handle the large frames from i4l and
simply closes the B channel during the transfer. Try making the
frames smaller with AT&B512.
Q: When I use UUCP with X.75, I always get transfer errors!
A: Andreas Gutzwiller <andy@hippo.proxyon.imp.com> wrote on 5 Dec 1996:
!verbon
I had to use the following settings, otherwise I only had errors.
# Prot
protocol-parameter g packet-size 512
protocol-parameter g short-packets y
protocol-parameter g window 7
protocol-parameter g remote-window 7
protocol-parameter v packet-size 512
Now with large packets I can get ca 7300 cps.
!verboff
Holger Burbach <holly@cthulhu.pfalz.de> on 5 Feb 1997 had another
solution:
!verbon
I have several XP users who poll without any problems. I did
the following: First I set the send packet size for ttyI?
to 1024 ("AT&B1024") and then set the packet size for the
g protocol in UUCP:
protocol-parameter g packet-size 2048
protocol-parameter g remote-packet-size 0
As I said, it works fine..
!verboff
Q: My iprofd doesn't work any more with HiSax 2.0. I get the error message
"Version of kernel modem-profile (3) does NOT match version of iprofd (1)".
How can I get iprofd to work again?
A: Fritz Elfert <fritz@wuemaus.franken.de> wrote on 17 Feb 1997:
In iprofd.c, change the line with!br
!verbon
#define DATA_VERSION 1
!verboff
to
!verbon
#define DATA_VERSION 2
!verboff
compile iprofd again, and (IMPORTANT) delete the saved profile
file.
!3Async PPP
Q: How can I get a log for pppd?
A: See this question for Sync PPP, it works the same way for pppd.
Q: Establishing the connection works fine, but pppd crashes just after
that (i.e. the first bytes get through, but then everything stops)
A: Joachim Gassen <joachim@fb4-1112.uni-muenster.de> wrote on 8 Jan
1997:!br
I had this problem as well. It's probably due to an incorrect block
size on your side. Try inserting a &B512 in the "init string" for
your ISDN card. Then it should work.
!3Sync PPP
!old
Q: How can I get a log for ipppd?
A: For debugging purposes you can redirect the PPP log into a separate file.
Just edit /etc/syslog.conf and add the following line (caution: do NOT use
blanks or tabs):
!verbon
daemon.* /var/log/ppp-log
!verboff
then every information from PPP demon will be logged to /var/log/ppp-log.
Emil Stephan <ste@esqhen.su.eunet.de> also wrote:
!verbon
Remove the comment sign in front of this line in /etc/syslog.conf:
#*.=debug /tmp/debug
After changing this file you can restart syslogd with "kill -1 <pid of
syslogd>".
The output in /tmp/debug can be used to optimize the handshaking of
PPP options.
!verboff
!old
Q: My ipppd won't work, it gives the error message "PPP driver 0.0.0 is out of
date".
A: Ari Biel <aribiel@sun14.hrz.th-darmstadt.de> wrote on 3 Oct 1996:
!verbon
I had the same thing! (S.u.S.E. 4.2 Kernel 2.0.0, isdn4k-utils 3.91 with
patch). After recompiling the kernel and configuring PPP as module I could
start ipppd. Looks like version problems.
!verboff
!commenton
(The following questions are from the sync PPP FAQ.)
!commentoff
!old
Q: Starting ipppd I get the error message "this systems lacks ppp support".
A: Check whether the device "ippp0" exists (i.e. with the program "ifconfig").
The ipppd *needs* this device with exactly *that* name. If it doesn't exist
one has to define it:
!verbon
isdnctrl addif ippp0
isdnctrl encap ippp0 syncppp
... (see i4l documentation for more information) ...
!verboff
Maybe you compiled ipppd with the source of another kernel that you are not
using...
See also the question "How should I name my network interface?"
under "Sync PPP" in the "Configuration" section.
!old
Q: How can I switch on PPP support for my kernel 1.2.13 (needed for ipppd)?
A: Stefan A. Muehlenweg <Stefan.A.Muehlenweg@samhh.hanse.de> wrote:
!verbon
In 1.2.13 you tell the kernel *not* to include PPP support, then compile
the kernel, *after that* do a 'make modules' and a 'make modules_install'.
This way everything that's not compiled into the kernel, but that can be
loaded as modules is prepared for loading via insmod. 'modprobe ppp' on
bootup (in the rc.xxx script) will load the PPP module and all
additionally needed modules (slhc etc).
Prerequisite for ipppd with 1.2.13: install PPP version 2.2.0c. Also in
the kernel sources (ppp-2.2.0c.tar.gz). And you need modutils 1.2.8
(modules-1.2.8.tar.gz).
!verboff
!old
Q: When I start ipppd, I only get error messages from the i4l driver.
A: When ipppd is started, it calls functions that can trigger a network
packet (e.g. gethostbyname()). Without ipppd (since at this time, ipppd
it has not been fully started), this network access cannot be processed,
You should try to put the needed hostnames in the local /etc/hosts or
in some way define the name so that it can be resolved without having
the access the ISDN/ippp interface.
!old
Q: When I try to start ipppd it says "Can't find usable ippp device"
A: Frank Meyer <fm@textware.k.eunet.de> wrote:
!verbon
I had the same problem. Interestingly, after about 5 minutes with
several of those messages the ipppd said "started". And then it
worked! Well, I included several test prints into the ipppd
source and located the problem: The ipppd calculates a random
number on startup (forgot where) and uses gethostid() for
that. That causes a DNS lookup. Then linux tries to find the
nameserver mentioned in /etc/resolv.conf. As ipppd isn't up it
can't reach the name server, which gives those messages. The
solution was easy: I not only included my computer in /etc/hosts
with its short name (e.g. isdn), but also its full name
including the domain in /etc/resolv.conf:
x.x.x.x isdn isdn.who.knows.where
Then it stopped complaining and just runs! Even earlier there is
a call from main() to setipdefault(), which (in options.c) calls
gethostbyname(). This also causes a DNS lookup and the message
"isdn_ppp_bind: Can't find usable ippp device". So two lines in
the source have to be changed to avoid the DNS lookup. It's
easier to include your own name in /etc/hosts, I used the IP
address of my Ethernet card.
!verboff
Carlos Heller <carlos@mable.webtrek.de> wrote:
!verbon
There were some changes in patch-2.0.16 that could have caused the
problem. You can try the unoffical patch from ftp.gwdg.de
/pub/misc/isdn/linux/ippp/isdn.dif... until it is included in the official
patch.
My ipppd (from my Suse distribution) was broken. The packet i4l-43b2.tar
from !link ftp://ftp.suse.de/; helped me.
!verboff
!commenton
(The following question was taken from the syncPPP FAQ)
!commentoff
!old
Q: I can't get a connect. How can I find out where the problem is?
A: The output of ipppd is very helpful... Check whether you can find:
!verbon
- a few "LCP-conf-req SENT" messages (less than ten) and then a
"TERM-REF":
-> check whether the ISDN card was configured properly. It seems the
computer doesn't dial (IRQ, IO, protocol wrong?)
- at least a few "RECV" messages
-> good: the card is dialing and the and your dialin computer tries
to communicate. Maybe the authentication doesn't work. Check the
ipppd configuration!
- the message that ipppd was exited for some reason
-> not so good... Check /var/log/messages and /var/adm/daemon.
Could be a bug in ipppd.
!verboff
!old
Q: ipppd sometimes crashes (kernel 2.0.14...2.0.25)
A: Michael Hipp <Michael.Hipp@student.uni-tuebingen.de> wrote about this:
!verbon
Please downgrade to 2.0.14... In later version (since 2.0.16) there is a
little bug which causes ipppd to exit if it can't get a connection.
(Should not be a problem once you get a connection.) A "quick and dirty
hack" is possible by removing some lines in ipppd, but better stay with
2.0.14 until the bugfix finds its way into the new kernels.
!verboff
(Remark: this is the case with 2.0.26)
!old
Q: I get the message "IP frames delayed" - and I don't get a connection.
A: See last question:
You may have forgotten to use "isdnctrl dial ippp*" before using a net
command like telnet, ping, or the like.
!old
Q: I cannot dial out with "isdnctrl dial ippp0". It seems as if the route to
ipppd is missing although I *did* set it ("network unreachable"). With my
old kernel < 2.0 everything works fine!
A: In the newer kernels you have to place "route" as the very last command
before the dialout command. Otherwise the kernel will delete the route.
!old
Q: After ipppd dials out my default route is gone.
A: It's the kernel's fault. Newer kernels (>= 2.0) have some changes in the
routing. Workaround: install a script /etc/ppp/ip-up like this:
!verbon
#!/bin/sh
/sbin/route add default ippp*
!verboff
If you make your connections manually, can use something like this script:
!verbon
/sbin/isdn
#! /bin/sh
case $1 in
on)
/sbin/isdnctrl dial ippp0 # build up connection
sleep 5 # wait until line open
/sbin/route add default ippp0 # set route
;;
off)
/sbin/isdnctrl hangup ippp0 # hangup connection
/sbin/route del default # and delete route again
;;
*)
echo -e "\a Usage: 'isdn on' or 'isdn off'"
;;
esac
!verboff
Q: When dialing out, I get the message "pppd: peer authentication
required but no authentication files accessible." What does this mean?
A: Most likely the option "auth" was set by mistake. Then the !u1other!u0
side is required to be authorized.
Q: I cannot establish a connection - it's rejected by the other side.
In the log file I find a message that's something like: "sent [0]
[LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <mru 1500> <auth pap> <magic 0xcd12e9c4>"
A: Like in the last question, an option was been set that requires the
!u1other!u0 side to be authorized. These options shouldn't be set.
Possible candidates are: "+pap" as well as "+chap".
Q: I cannot establish a connection - it's rejected by the other side.
In the log file I find a message that's something like: "sent [0]
[LCP ConfRej id=0x1 <auth pap>"
A: Your computer is refusing to identify itself with user name (e.g. XXX)
and password (e.g. YYY). That only works with the authorization options
"user XXX" and "remotename YYY" together with a correct (!)
/etc/ppp/pap-secrets. With a password of ZZZ it should ideally look
like this:
!verbon
XXX YYY ZZZ
!verboff
If that doesn't work, you can use wild cards, something like:
!verbon
* * ZZZ
!verboff
Then !u1every!u0 partner has the password ZZZ. If chap is required
for authorization, then /etc/ppp/chap-secrets must be set up correctly.
Important : the format is different from that of pap-secrets!
Make sure to consult the README's, or check out:
!link http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~ui161ab/www/isdn/;
!old
Q: I have problems with PAP or CHAP authentication. It does not work although
I'm sure I entered passwords etc. correctly.
A: Stefan A. Muehlenweg <Stefan.A.Muehlenweg@samhh.Hanse.DE> wrote on
4 Oct 1996:
!verbon
I had exactly the same problem/the same error message. The cause for it
was that I had three entries in chap-secrets/pap-secrets (for client,
server, secret), but not a fourth one (IP addresses). BUT: after the third
entry were some BLANKs. After removing the trailing BLANKs and/or TABs
(i)pppd is now very satisfied with my auth-files.
!verboff
A further source of problems can be the password itself. If it contains
the "#" character, then everything after than is understood as a
comment. Spaces or tabs can cause similar problems. Solution: put
the password in quotes!
!old
Q: I often get the error message "hscx_empty_fifo: incoming packet too large"
A: Probably one of the compressions is activated (i4l can't handle those very
well). See also next question.
Another possible reason could be an IRQ problem - see question "Why should
I avoid IRQ 12 and 15 for my ISDN card?" in section "Teles" further down.!br
A further source of errors was reported by Immanuel Derks
<broedtsk@xs4all.nl> on 3 Jan 1997:
!verbon
My PAP script was broken because I had a "#" in my password!
After I had quoted the password cleanly (e.g. with quotation
marks), the problem was solved.
!verboff
!old
Q: The connection with ipppd seems to work, but eventually it crashes.
A: It could be that some compression is activated (that i4l can't
handle properly). Common error: "-vj" has to be used *additionally*
to "-vjccomp" (it completely switches off the VJ compression) - the
example scripts coming with ipppd don't have that option included
already. Other compression modes (bsd, pccomp) can cause trouble,
too.
Q: I only have problems with ipppd when the connection is being heavily
burdened. Then everything stops. What could be causing this?
A: Sven Engelhardt <sven@sik.de> wrote on 12 Dec 1996:
!verbon
We are an ISP here in Dresden and use Linux (among other systems)
for our access (with I4L as well as with external terminal adapters).
We have this problem mostly with Windows 95 and NT customers who
are using the "included" (modem network) software. It doesn't make
any difference whether the customer is dialing with async or sync PPP.
It also doesn't matter which modem emulation he is using on his side.
What they have in common is that the connection is made with Microsoft
modem adapter + Microsoft PPP (although a colleague recently told me
about a similar problem with a Macintosh customer).
Since it doesn't matter to PPP who is the server and who is the
client, ask your ISP what kind of hardware you are dialing into (we
have had >>no<< problems with Linux customers and Trumpet Winsock
users, therefore I suspect a bug in MS-PPP).
The following workaround usually works for us: (it's not a cure,
but helps to reduce the pain...)
* Reduce the Max MTU to 576 or even (296)
* Reduce the DefaultRcvWindow to 2144
On the Windows 95 side these are 2 Registry entries; on the Linux
side you can set "mtu 576" and "mru 576" in the PPP options.
(see also !link http://www.windows95.com/connect/trouble.html;)
!verboff
Erik Corry <ec@sign-tronic.dk> added on 16 Dec 1996:
!verbon
For me, neither PPP compression option nor mru/mtu 296 helped.
What did help was the AT command:
AT&B512
that limits the sent packets to 512 bytes.
!verboff
Q: My ipppd works, but I keep getting the message pppd[104]:
ioctl(SIOCSIFMTU): Invalid argument"?
A: Andreas Steffan <deas@rrz.uni-hamburg.de> wrote on 11 Dec 1996:!br
I had to play around quite a bit before I found the answer. I had to
add a line to /etc/ppp/options.ippp0:
!verbon
mtu 1024
!verboff
It's strange, but now I finally have peace and quiet.
[if mtu is not set, then a default value is assumed - possibly "0" -
which of course cannot be correct - Ed.]
!old
Q: The first IP packet gets lost on automatic dialout with dynamic IP address
allocation.
A: There are some dialout problems in connection with syncPPP and dynamic IP
address allocation. In this case your IP address will change while packets
are waiting to be sent. All packets that should be sent before the change
in IP address are "hung".
Workaround:
Before connecting with telnet, ping, or the like dial out manually with
"isdnctrl dial ippp*".
Stefan A. Muehlenweg <Stefan.A.Muehlenweg@samhh.Hanse.DE> wrote:
!verbon
Yesterday I got a permanent IP address and since then the automatic dial-
out via ipppd works beautifully. The same goes for the serial interface
with asyncPPP over V.120 and diald (per ELSA Microlink ISDN/TLpro ---
also over the V.34 modem). I had the same symptoms there in the past.
Summary: When using automatic (!) dialout you definitely need a permanent
IP address. If you start and end your connection manually (!) then you can
live with dynamic address allocation.
It surely is time to extend PPP's functionality to not only hold outgoing
packets that initiate a connection, but also correct the IP address to the
new address before sending it out. The same goes for other packets that
arrive before the connection is up.
Also diald has to get that functionality to control when the connection
goes up or down.
!verboff
A suggested solution came from Erik Corry <erik@arbat.com> on
5 Jan 1997:
!verbon
1) No local name server/name server cache
2) Local squid proxy WWW server (and Netscape must use it).
3) set positive_dns_ttl to 1 in /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf
so squid doesn't cache IP addresses
Now the connection will always start with a DNS lookup,
which is immune to IP address changes (because it runs on
UDP and not TCP?). If you have other programs that cache
IP addresses, you'll have to figure you how to get around
them. Normally a program caches an IP address when it
has to connect twice to the same server. That isn't a
problem, of course, when the second connection occurs so
quickly after the first that the dial-on-demand connection
is still the same.
!verboff
[pppd should support dial-on-demand in the next version -
maybe then things will be better - Ed.]
Q: When calling "isdnctrl mapping <line> <MSN>,..." I get the error
"bad address".
A: Bernd Oerding <erni@nukleus.escape.de> wrote on 9 Nov 1996:!br
The reason for this error is that the kernel expects a 255 byte block
from the user space, however it may not be there when the pointer
point to argv0. This following patch fixed the problem at the user
level; not pretty but it works.
!verbon
*** 1.14 1996/06/06 22:08:46
--- isdnctrl.c 1996/09/04 19:13:39
***************
*** 498,504 ****
}
printf("MSN/EAZ-mapping for %s:\n%s\n",argv[2],nstring);
} else {
! iocts.arg = (unsigned long)argv[3];
if ((result=ioctl(fd,IIOCSETMAP,&iocts))<0) {
perror(argv[2]);
exit(-1);
--- 498,506 ----
}
printf("MSN/EAZ-mapping for %s:\n%s\n",argv[2],nstring);
} else {
! char buf[400];
! strncpy(buf, argv[3], sizeof(buf)-1);
! iocts.arg = (unsigned long)buf;
if ((result=ioctl(fd,IIOCSETMAP,&iocts))<0) {
perror(argv[2]);
!verboff
[It's also been reported that adding "/sbin" to the path (environment)
helps. When debugging cron scripts, you can set this with "set -X" - Ed.]
Q: What does the message "No phone number, packet dropped" mean?
A: Michael Engert <michi@bello.wor.de> wrote in Nov/Dec 1996:!br
That means that your computer has an IP packet from somewhat who was
logged on a few seconds before, but has since broken the connection.
Your computer tries to send this packet on and finds an appropriate
route. But the interface isdn[0|1|...] can't reach the other computer,
since it has no telephone number to dial.
Q: Why does my ipppd dial one too many zeros ("isdn0: dialing 0 089XXXXXX...")?
I don't have any extensions!
A: The first zero is not dialed. It only shows which channel is used for
dialing.
!commenton
(The following question was taken from the syncPPP FAQ)
!commentoff
!old
Q: My ISDN device is shown with HWaddr and IRQ=0 and base address = 0 when I
list it with ifconfig
A: The ISDN device fakes an Ethernet device. It ignores IRQ and baseaddr and
just needs the HWaddr for the Ethernet encapsulation.
!3ISDN in a network
!old
Q: xosview doesn't show any network activity since installing i4l.
A: Peter Hettkamp <Peter.Hettkamp@kassel.netsurf.de> wrote:
!verbon
xosview reacts, at least for me with version 1.4, to the IP accounting
in the kernel. So, configure, if necessary build a new kernel, then
couple with:
ipfwadm -A -a -S your-ip-address-here -D 0.0.0.0/0
ipfwadm -A -a -D your-ip-address-here -S 0.0.0.0/0
(I don't know who it works with variable IP addresses. I have a fixed
address.)
!verboff
!commenton
Rainer May <r_may@khavi.desaster.heide.de> has put together questions and
answers on "i4l and Masquerading:
!commentoff
!old
Q: When I for example from a W95 box call up a page with Netscape,
I only get the answer "unknown host".
A: What is entered on the "Win95 box" for the name server? As long as the
router has no name server of its own, then the provider's name server
of course has to be entered on all computers on the LAN
!old
Q: Addresses are now found, but now instead of the page I want I get
the message "no route to host".
A: Please check:
!verbon
* Is the Linux computer entered as the gateway? (Some 'operating systems'
have to be restarted before changes to the networking take effect)?
* Does the router have a default route to the prepared interface to the
provide (e.g. ippp0 with syncPPP or sl0 for diald (even when the real
connection is over ppp0, diald uses a slip interface as a "doorknob")
* Does the provider require the use of proxies? Then the addresses
of the proxies have to the entered in the appropriate clients on the LAN
computers
!verboff
Q: After booting, my local network can no longer be reached. I use the
network interface ippp0 with ifconfig 0.0.0.0; the default route
points to ippp0.
A: Wolfgang Barth wrote on 5 Jan 1997:
!verbon
I've noticed that after the first connection via ippp0 that the local
network can again be reached. Then the address 0.0.0.0 is no longer
listed in ifconfig for ippp0, but instead the address assigned from
the pool by the PPP partner.
This was already discussed in de.comp.os.linux.networking, along
this possible solution:
Simply set ippp0 to a dummy IP number from the pool. Then the
local network will have problems after booting, even with the
default route, and the IP number in ifconfig will be overwritten
anyway.
!verboff
!3Isdnlog
Q: My isdnlog 2.50 doesn't work since I installed HiSax 1.2.
A: Isdnlog needs to be patched... you can find the patch everywhere where
HiSax is found.
Q: I've patched isdnlog, but it still won't work together with HiSax
(isdnlog starts with the usual messages, but nothing happens)?
A: Andreas Kool <akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de> wrote on 6 Jan 1997:
!verbon
Is one of the "usual messages":
"(HiSax driver detected)"?
If not:
- have you started version 2.52 - not just compiled?
- have you remembered "telesctrl <DriverID> 1 4" ?
- ISDN connections are working otherwise?
If so: Contact me (isdnlog@Kool.f.EUnet.de) with the
appropriate log files (created with "isdnlog -v7").
!verboff
Q: Isdnlog (>=2.52) shows for a caller !u1two!u0 telephone numbers!
Which one is correct?
A: The caller has most likely activated the (costly) feature CLIP
(= Calling Line Identification Presentation, no screening), which means
any telephone number can be transmitted. See the question "I've heard
that actually two Caller IDs are transmitted?".!br
Andreas Kool <akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de> wrote on 26 Jan 1997:!br
In any case, you can only fool software/PBXs that do not evaluate
the screening indicator - isdnlog with version 2.52 shows both the
correct *and* the faked telephone number.!br
...CLIP was actually designed for transmitting internal company
numbers in the public network.
!old
Q: When calling I receive a "Internal error: wrong structure".
A: Most likely something is wrong with the configuration in isdnlog.cf.
Even the same MSNs with different services have to be counted separately.
(for the entries under MYMSN).
Steffan Henke <henker@Informatik.Uni-Bremen.DE> also wrote:
!verbon
My problem with isdnlog 2.50 and "wrong structure error" was caused
only by leaving out the leading zero.
Example:
017201234567 Handy 1 -
Previously I had it so:
*17201234567 Handy 1 -
This seems to have fixed everything.
!verboff
!old
Q: Isdnlog crashes with a "segmentation fault".
A: Dirk Lutzebaeck <lutzeb@wadk-berlin.de> wrote:
!verbon
For me, isdnlog crashed because it was not entered in /etc/services
!verboff
Q: I've set up a script to play sound per cat on /dev/sound or some
other device. When several events occur, then there is an error:
"Can't open output file '/dev/sound': Device or resource busy"
A: Andreas Kool <akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de> wrote on 6 Nov 1996:!br
The only thing you can do is to create an upper instance that
coordinates this. I personally use NAS (network audio system),
but "rplay" should be just as good!
Q: Isdnlog should call a program with redirected output (e.g.
"play anruf.au 2>/dev/null" ). Why does ISDN tell me "Can't start
'/usr/local/bin/play anruf.au 2>/dev/null' with execvp()"?
A: Andreas Kool <akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de> wrote on 6 Nov 1996:!br
Because isdnlog is not a (Bourne) shell ;-) isdnlog can only start
"real" programs.!br
Short and sweet: this example has to be saved as an executable
(-> chmod +x) file in the following way:
!verbon
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/play anruf.au 2>/dev/null
!verboff
Q: Why does isdnlog quit with "kill -1", according to the docs it
should only reread isdnlog.conf.
A: Andreas Kool <akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de> wrote on 6 Nov 1996:!br
This is a bug isdnlog-2.5x, but it's been fixed already.
isdnlog-2.60 (coming soon ;-) can do this better!
!commenton
(The following question and answer is from Andreas Kool
<akool@Kool.f.EUnet.de>)
!commentoff
!old
Q: Isdnlog takes 100% of the CPU time
A: isdnlog-2.4x has 2 possibilities to take the entire CPU time or even
to stop working altogether
!verbon
- right when starting isdnlog or isdnrep:
Here the 2 programs have choked trying to read "isdnlog.conf"
Solutions:
- never use blanks in the alias column!
(e.g.: "My MSN")
- never use "#" in the alias column!
(e.g.: "MSN#3")
- never use "\" in the alias column!
(e.g.: "MSN\#3") (Thank you, Holger Wirtz <chick@midips.snafu.de>)
- never use "*" as the entry in the flags column!
(Thank you, Werner Wiethege <ww@slarti.frankfurt.netsurf.de>)
- the "START=" line requires an entry indicated _when_ it is to be started
for example
START=IOH=auplay hangup.au
and _not_
START=auplay hangup.au
(Thank you, Dirk Staneker <zxmjy04@student.uni-tuebingen.de>)
- when using the "-S" option to start external programs.
Here isdnlog ran into the code the X11 client "xisdn"
and started looping in itself, leaving behind zombies - this was fixed
in isdnlog-2.50.
!verboff
!old
Q: The Telekom is paying me (according to isdnlog/isdnrep) 12 pfennigs
(1 unit) for each connection...
A: You wish... Christian Bruehe <oblomow@cs.tu-berlin.de> wrote:
!verbon
I recently had the same effect when I mistakenly started isdnlog twice
!verboff
Q: According to isdnlog every "busy" costs me 45 units?
A: This is a bug in older isdnlog versions (e.g. 2.41) with regards to
the ISDN feature callback when busy. Of course, this busy doesn't really
cost 45 units.
Q: I'm having problems getting isdnlog to run with libc 5.4.7!
A: Christian Schlittchen <corwin@amber.hb.north.de / corwin@zfn.uni-bremen.de>
wrote on 8 Oct 1996:
!verbon
In the meantime I've patched isdnlog. The problem is the
strftime() call in line 264 of isdnlog.c. There the "%e"
should be replaced with a "%d", then everything works again.
!verboff
Q: When dialing out, the screen goes momentarily black?
A: Roger F. Brand <roger@rz.uni-frankfurt.de> wrote on 12 Feb 1997:
I think that's the fault of isdnlog. If you've started it with
the option -t 1 or -t 2, then the time is synchronized with the
digital switching station. That causes a short blackout of the
screen.
!3Audio
!old
Q: My vboxgetty does not answer any incoming calls.
A: vboxgetty needs ".vboxrc" in the home directory of the user for which
vboxgetty is configured. The number of rings is taken from this file.
!old
Q: My vboxgetty answers at the first ring but the number of rings is set to 4.
A: The rings are created by a timer in the isdn module that doesn't
necessarily set the delay accurately. If you configure vboxgetty with
30 rings, vboxgetty will wait about 5 rings before it picks up the line.
!old
Q: My vbox 1.1 does not work together with HiSax.
A: Use HiSax >=1.2. This version includes correct alerting.
!old
Q: If vboxgetty has recorded a message in a format which can not be played
using "cat xxx>/dev/audio" how can I still hear the message?
A: Vboxgetty can play all formats. You could also copy the message as the
standard message (standard.msg in the messages directory) and call
yourself, the message will be played then. (Don't forget to copy back the
original message when you are done :-) ).
Q: At the beginning of a message recorded by vboxgetty, there's often a
part of my own announcement?
A: This is a known bug that occurs when switching between the playing of
the announcement and recording the message. Up to now there is no
known workaround.
!3Dialout on demand
Q: What can cause a charge unit disaster?
A: There are several possibilities.!br
1. "Bridging" was compiled into the kernel (see the appropriate question
below).!br
2. Broadcasts from the interfaces ware being forwarded by ISDN (see
the appropriate question below).!br
3. If IP connections are still open with the line is disconnected and
IP addresses are dynamically assigned, then the disaster is inevitable.
Then a new connection is started to bring down the open IP connections,
which fails because the IP address is now different. The line is hung up,
but the IP connections are still open, the line is dialed again, and
so on... (see the appropriate question below).
Q: Ever since I installed a new kernel, my computer constantly open ISDN
connections without transferring any data (expensive!).
A: Maybe the kernel option "bridging" was mistakenly activated?
Q: My router wants to constantly dial out (and does it too) but !u1NO!u0
data is transferred, neither ipfwadm -A! nor tcpdump -i isdn0 show
anything.
A: Michael Pieper <michael@nexus1.tng.oche.de> wrote on 10 Nov 1996:!br
ARP requests or broadcasts? You should run ifconfig with the options
-arp and -broadcast to keep from opening connections in this way.
Q: After closing the line, I discover with "netstat -nt" that IP connections
are still open. How can I close these manually?
A: Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> wrote on 18 Jan 1997:!br
You can bring the interface "down" then back "up". When you do this, it
will try to dial out. But if you have removed the outgoing telephone
number, then "no outgoing number..." appears in the syslog, and as soon
as the interface is "up", all connections will be closed.
Q: How can I safely turn off dialout on demand?
A: Gernot Zander <hifi@scorpio.in-berlin.de> wrote on 10 Jan 1997:!br
I delete the telephone number of the interface [or set an invalid one - Ed.]
Then I can see right away from the complaints in the syslog whether a
process wants to send packets out to the world.!br
Sascha Ottolski <sascha@alzhimer.isdn.cs.tu-berlin.de> added on
28 Oct 1996:!br
For me, what is happening is what you want: the ISDN system is
"down", Netscape immediately shows an error message a la: "the Server
doesn't have a DNS entry" or something similar. You probably have to
delete the route so that this will happen. I do it like this:
!verbon
/sbin/route del default
/sbin/isdnctrl system off
/sbin/ifconfig ippp0 down
!verboff
An to get things running again:
!verbon
/sbin/isdnctrl system on
/sbin/ifconfig ippp0 up
/sbin/route add $GATE-IP dev ippp0
/sbin/route add default ippp0
!verboff
[The latter method has the disadvantage that dialin is then no longer
possible - Ed.]
Q: How else can I prevent the charge unit disaster?
A: In the next version of isdnlog (>2.52) it will be able to work as a
watchdog and prevent such dialouts (with a reboot, if necessary).
Q: Is it possible that even with a crashed computer a ISDN connection
remains open (and the charge units accumulate)?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 11 Feb 1997:
I'm guessing, that with the status enquiry [in Switzerland - Ed.] you
simply want to make sure that when the user side has crashed, the connection
is broken. This is in addition to the Layer 2 monitoring and is not
totally senseless, since with many cards/end devices the ISAC is run in
auto mode and therefore a crash would keep the connection open.!br
However, i4l runs the ISAC in nonauto mode, meaning that when interrupts
are no longer being process, the connection is broken after a maximum
of about 1/2 a minute. This is not the reason for using nonauto mode, but
this is a safety feature ;-), but doesn't mean that the charge unit
disaster is impossible.
Q: How can track down unexplainable dialouts?
A: Dirk Lutzebaeck <lutzeb@wadk-berlin.de> wrote on 5 Nov 1996:
!verbon
Unfortunately, I don't know of any syncPPP encapsulation patch for
tcpdump. If you use ipppd, then your only chance is to turn off
one daemon after the other and see if things have finally quieted
down. Likely candidates are named, sendmail, and also smbd (Samba)
that are likely to open connections.
!verboff
[On tcpdump see the appropriate question under "General" in the
"Configuration" section. On named and sendmail see the following
questions - Ed.]
Christoph Trautwein <trautw@fzi.de> added on 5 Nov 1996:
!verbon
I too was only able to find this out by killing suspicious processes.
More information on the search for these processes and how to make
them quit can be found at:
!link http://www.fzi.de/sim/people/trautw/i4l/index.html;
!verboff
Herbert Rosmanith <herp@wildsau.idv.uni-linz.ac.at> added on
24 Nov 1996:
!verbon
Try to find out which lookup triggers the connection with
"isdnctrl verbose 3". Then a message should appear in
the kernel message queue (visible with "dmesg") a'la:
OPEN: 141.76.60.54 -> 193.171.67.253 TCP, port: 1686 -> 540
In this example, our computer is trying to pick up mail on
port 540 (UUCP over TCP/IP over ISDN).
!verboff
[only the triggering packet will be logged - Ed.]!br
Stefan Luethje <luethje@sl-gw.lake.de> wrote further on 27 Nov 1996:
!verbon
Another tip. There are a lot of daemons on the Linux side that
broadcasts on all interfaces. This leads to frequent autodials.
In this case you can redirected the broadcast address to the
dummy0 interface. It's not clean, but it works.
!verboff
See all the last question in this section.
Q: Can it be that the Win95 machine on my LAN is causing automatic
dialouts?
A: Stefan Luethje <luethje@sl-gw.lake.de> wrote on 27 Nov 1996:
!verbon
Whin in Wintel the name server of your provider is given, and
Windows 3.11/95 is started, then it has to talk to the name
server (only Bill Gates knows why).
!verboff
Q: I have set up a local DNS name server. Why does it cause unwanted
dialouts? How can I find the cause?
A: Jens Ey <jens@jeyhh.shnet.org> wrote on 29 Nov 1996:!br
Turn on debug level 1 in named and look at the logfile
in /var/tmp.!br
In my case, I found regular DNS requests from Windows machines. The
problem was that names like WORKGROUP.domain.de were requested,
i.e. names that the DNS could not know. I'm assuming that the Windows
machine was looking for its master browser or a domain controller.!br
This was causing me so many problems for my Internet connection with
Linux in a LAN that I installed an external terminal adapter, set up
a proxy server, and set up diald that only DNS requests from the Linux
machine were allowed to be carried out. Then the connections are
established only when they are actually needed. The (cached) local DNS
is only used after the connection has been established.
Q: How can I turn off the DNS requests for WORKGROUP.xxx from my
Win95 machine?
A: Eike Stepper <isdn@esc-net.de> wrote on 30 Nov 1996:
!verbon
Why not simply set the "Use DNS for Windows Names Resolution"
(or similar) to No? Then it should be quiet, at least it
is for me.
!verboff
Q: How can I get sendmail to not initiate any connections without local
mail being left undelivered?
A: First you have to get sendmail to no long open any DNS connections.
You need to activate the following features: "nodns", "nocanonify".!br
If you have a smarthost, you need to make sure that this name does not
call the name server. You can either set it directly as an IP address,
or add the name to /etc/hosts (/etc/host.conf should then contain
"order hosts bind")!br
You should set all non-local mailers as "expensive"
("define(SMTP_MAILER_FLAGS, e)"), and then forbid sendmail with
"define(`confCON_EXPENSIVE', `True')" from automatically connection
to expensive mailers. The call to sendmail should no longer include
a time for the "-q" option (e.g. only "-bd -os -q"). "-os" means that
all mail will be queued (which won't prevent local mail from being
delivered immediately). The only catch is that when booting, mail that
might still be in the queue will be sent by sendmail, even though the
network is not yet up. Therefore, when booting you should remove
all mail from /var/mqueue before starting sendmail, and then return it
once sendmail has been started.!br
Mail to expensive mailers will now only be send with the explicit
call "sendmail -q".
Q: The samba package always triggers dialouts for me. How can I prevent
this?
A: Andreas Glahn <andreas@tao.westfalen.de> wrote on 31 Jan 1997:
I had this problems too. Then when starting the samba daemon I gave
it the internal IP address I use here at home. Since then a samba
request is no longer sent to default, but stays here.!br
Take a look at the configuration with netstat and tcpdump. With tcpdump
you can quickly find out to which IP address samba is trying to
connect.!br
My internal Linux computer has, e.g.: 192.168.99.99!br
My Win95 computer: n 192.168.99.88!br
On the Linux computer I started samba with:
!verbon
nmdb -S -B 192.168.99.255 -I 192.168.99.99
!verboff
See also the above question: se -broadcast and possibly -arp
when defining the interfaces!
Q: How can I get Netscape to quit initiating dialouts when starting?
A: Most likely in the preferences a non-local home page has been listed.
Only a home page that Netscape is able to load immediately (e.g.
"file://localhost/xxx") won't cause an immediate dialout. Alternatively
you can also set up a cache daemon that saves pages that are often needed.!br
A proxy should not cause a dial out, even when the complete name is
entered. Only when a new proxy is given does Netscape do a DNS
lookup (and in this special case cause a dialout.
However, on 17 Mar 97 Steffan Henke <henker@Informatik.Uni-Bremen.DE>
wrote:
!verbon
Unfortunately reality has caught up with us. I've heard that
Netscape now in version.4.02 really does establish a
connection...
!verboff
!3Chargeint
!old
Q: The connection doesn't end with timeout. Possible reason: my service
provider uses a Cisco router which sends a "keep alive" packet every ten
seconds.
A: Winfried Haug <haug@seicom.net> wrote:
!verbon
If the Cisco doesn't get an answer for its keep alive packets then it will
stop routing! That normally happens after the 4. or 5. keep alive packet.
The best solution is to tell the provider not to use keep alive packets
("no keepalive" in the Cisco configuration).
There is NO REASON to use keep alive packets, especially between two Cisco
routers and on leased lines.
!verboff
!old
Q: My Internet provider won't switch off keep alive packets so ipppd never hangs
up.
A: Dirk Melchers <dirk@merlin.nbg.sub.org> wrote about this:
!verbon
LCP messages are considered traffic and keep the line open. There was a
little patch for kernel 2.0.21 in relation with the patch chargeint-2.04
for isdnlog-2.50. This patch ignores *all* syncPPP LCP data for the
calculation of the hangup timer, so hangup works even with LCP-echo-
requests.
Warning: The code works for *me* and my provider. I don't know if it will
work for *you*. Just try it!
!verboff
If you need the patch, mail Dirk Melchers.
Q: The "lcp-keep-alive" patch doesn't work - ipppd still doesn't hang up.
A: It could be that it's not the LCP packets that are keeping the
connection open, but rather OSPF routing updates. The sending of these
updates can only be switched off on the Cisco. Eddy PE1CIG
<eddy@sys2.pe1cig.ampr.org> gave this tip on 27 Dec 1996:
!verbon
After some experimenting, I found a solution on the Cisco
(IOS 11.0.7), that's called "snapshot routing". I configured
"snapshot server" on the BRI interface. That means it will
send out routing updates only when they are received through
this interface.
!verboff
!3Dialin
Q: I keep getting the message "isdn_tty: call from XXX -> YYY
ignored". Why does isdn4linux (syncPPP) ignore this dialin attempt?
A: There are two possible explanations. Either your own MSN (here: YYY)
is not correctly set with "isdnctrl eaz <interface> YYY". Or
"isdnctrl secure <interface> on" was set, without allowing calls from
the incoming number (here: XXX) with "isdnctrl addphone <interface> in XXX".
!old
Q: I've configured several ippp* devices. Each incoming call "uses up" one
device, until there is no device available any more.
A: That's a known bug. There is a patch available to fix it.
Manfred.Dill <manfred.dill@bmw.de> wrote about this:
!verbon
In the module isdn_net.c (line 1720) there is a comment "/* if this
interface is dialing, it does it probably on a different device, so free
this device */" and function isdn_free_channel is called.
[...]
It looks now like this:
#ifdef CONFIG_ISDN_PPP
if (p->local.p_encap == ISDN_NET_ENCAP_SYNCPPP)
ippp_table[lp->ppp_minor]->state = IPPP_OPEN;
#endif
!verboff
It can be assumed that this will be fixed in an improved ipppd.
Q: With "isdnctl pppbind" I've established an exclusive connection.
But this is removed with an incoming call.
A: G. Richter <richter@ecos.de> wrote to Michael Hipp
<Michael.Hipp@student.uni-tuebingen.de> on 2 Nov 1996:
!verbon
> ... I've looked through the code an found
> a possible error triggered by incoming calls.
> Is this the case for your scenario? If so,
> try removing: (isdn_net.c, around line 1730)
> p->local.pppbind = -1;
> in the function isdn_net_find_icall().
I took out this line and now it works.
!verboff
!commenton
(The following question was taken from the syncPPP FAQ)
!commentoff
Q: A SunISDN tries to dial into my i4l system.
A: The Sun tries to communicate with asyncPPP. ipppd can't handle
this, you have to use the ttyI* devices and the standard pppd.
!3Callback
!old
Q: An incoming call is rejected by i4l. i4l then calls back. The
reject is not recognized by the other side which keeps on dialing
to i4l.
A: Most problems with callback can be solved by adjusting the callback
delay with "isdnctrl cbdelay". One second has been successful in
many cases.
Q: Callback isn't working. How many ippp* devices do I need (at a
minimum)?
A: Manfred Dill <manfred.dill@bmw.de> wrote on 18 Dec 1996:!br
You should use a second device ippp1 for which callback can be used.
Because of an error in i4l, the first device is used for callback
and is not released. When the connection is ended, the third device
(if it exists) is opened and the circle is complete.!br
For devices, see the appropriate questions under "Dial-in".
Q: Callback still doesn't work right. Can the fault lie with the Teles
driver?
A: Karsten Keil <isdn4@temic-ech.spacenet.de> wrote on 10 Jan 1997:
The Teles driver has problems with callback. Use HiSax 1.5 (1.4 also
had a bug with callback).
!old
Q: When trying callback with Euro-ISDN the call never gets rejected.
A: Karsten Keil <isdn4@temic-ech.spacenet.de> has fixed this with the new
"HiSax" driver.
Also see the questions General HiSax and the section about HiSax.
!old
Q: Somehow i4l can not callback a Cisco?
A: Torsten Hentschel <Torsten.Hentschel@DInet.de> wrote on 3 Oct 1996:
!verbon
A Cisco may dial so heavily that the ipppd has no chance to callback.
That's how they are programmed (firm statement of a Cisco developer):
If a Cisco receives a packet that should be routed through a "dial on
demand" telephone connection, and there is a D-channel available for
dialing out, it dials out immediately.
If in such a situation (which has be the case with Delta Internet for half
a year now) a Cisco with 8 D-channels is on the other side and somebody
does a simple "ping <RemoteIP>" then the Cisco will use (worst case) all
8 D-channels to dial out. Of course it can't dial the same telephone
number with two D-channels in parallel (would be immediately busy). Its
programming is not so stupid, but it sets up the next D-channel for
dialout before it assumes the previous D-channel as failed. Such a Cisco
works like a machine gun in respect to dialout. And i4l won't get a free
D-channel for dialin if the Cisco doesn't want.
The bad thing: a Cisco always expects (even when configured on "callback
client" = i4l dials back) that the other side unhooks the line, then both
hang up and then comes the callback. Username and password always have to
be exchanged before the callback is allowed when using PPP, to be sure
that the person requesting callback is allowed to do so. (Cisco seems to
obey the rules of the [German] Telekom that no information are to be ex-
changed without a B-channel connection. A callback request just by caller
id could in doubt be considered as a transmission of information).
!verboff
Q: Callback from an Ascend works only when I set "Active=Yes" in the
Ascend menu; but then the Ascend keeps calling me, even when my
machine is off.
A: Ulrich Klein <ulik@hprc.tandem.com> wrote on 14 Dec 1996:!br
Somewhere in the Ascend menus you can set "dial broadcast" to "no"
or "off". Otherwise the thing will dial with every broadcast. At
least that helped me. In case anyone from the network on which the
Ascend is attached really wants to establish a connection, then you
have to use the strange filters. I believe there's one that will
dial out only for callback.
Q: How can I callback a Banzai!?
A: Jan-Olaf Droese <jano@layla.RoBIN.de> wrote on 31 Jan 1997:!br
On the Banzai side, a `c' should be added to the outgoing number,
so it will be ready for the return call. Just to be safe, you can
the dialout attempts on the Banzai to 1, so there won't be any
call collisions.
On the i4l I've set the following:
!verbon
isdnctrl callback isdn0 in
isdnctrl cbdelay isdn0 1
!verboff
Q: Some the callbacks confuse the module count. How can I now unload
my ISDN modules?
A: Karsten Keil <keil@temic-ech.spacenet.de> has as a temporary workaround
added two "secret" telesctrl commands:
!verbon
telesctrl <id> 3 1 ---> dec module_count
telesctrl <id> 4 1 ---> inc module_count
!verboff
Please use with appropriate caution!
!3MPPP
!old
Q: SyncPPP works without problems on one channel. Unfortunately MPPP won't work
due to communication problems between ipppd and the other side.
A: Michael Hipp <Michael.Hipp@student.uni-tuebingen.de> wrote on 11 Oct 1996:
!verbon
At first about your bug: the other side does not like the MP-MRU (0x5dc)
but wants a smaller one (0x5d7) ... which is what ipppd doesn't like (bug)
... Just try 0x5d7 as MP-MRU.
Without a MP-MRU agreed about MPPP won't switch on .. which is why it is
not working.
!verboff
!2National Peculiarities
[Translator's note: Here are some notes we've received that are
not yet in the main FAQ:!br!br
-Elie Milgrom <em@info.ucl.ac.be> reports that in Belgium the MSN is
"Nothing special: a MSN is just a 'regular' phone number here."!br!br
-Sunny Marueli <sunnym@netvision.net.il> reports that "isdn4linux
works in Israel as well (with Teles PnP)."!br!br
-Jerome Lefranc <decision@calva.net> reports for France that:
"(1) if you don't have MSN, you need to specify
as local number only the last 4 digits of you phone
number.
ex: 01 41 33 67 87, local phone number is 6787;
(2) you can use sub-address number (not MSN).
ex: 01 41 33 67 87 (phone number), 02 (sub-address),
then the local phone will be 6787.02 with the HiSax driver."!br!br
-I'm not sure how to set up an EAZ/MSN in the UK, but Paul
Slootman <paul@wau.mis.ah.nl> wrote:
"I have information that in the UK, there are no "normal" MSNs. Each
MSN is actually a single digit, 0 - 9, corresponding to the last digit
of the actual phone number. Apparently in the UK you either have *no*
MSNs, or 10 MSNs; you then always get a block of 10 sequential
numbers. I've also heard that from middle October, BT is going to
offer "normal" EuroISDN, which they will call ISDN-2e (their current
offering is ISDN-2). This will also have facilities such as call
forwarding etc. Look somewhere on www.andrews-arnold.co.uk/isdn/ for
more info."]
!3Germany (1TR6)
!old
Q: Which EAZ should I use for i4l?
A: You can use all available EAZ. However, two EAZ have a special meaning and
can cause problems:
!verbon
EAZ 0: global call (all telephones ring)
EAZ 9: global call (no telephone rings)
!verboff
Q: I use 1TR6 on an extension - the extension number has more than one
digit (e.g. 206). What is my EAZ?
A: Jens Ey <jens@jeyhh.shnet.org> wrote on 10 Jan 1997:!br
The EAZ for extensions is usually the last digit of the extension number.
As EAZ for the Linux computer you should then enter a '6'.
!old
Q: The state machine hangs with 1TR6.
A: Karsten Keil <isdn4@temic-ech.spacenet.de> has fixed that with the new
"HiSax" driver.
See questions General HiSax and the section about the HiSax driver.
!3Italy
Q: What does our MSN look like?
A:
!verbon
[Translator's note: The original FAQ seems to have the wrong paragraph here.
Paolo Sommaruga <psomma@portcros.garda-access.com> wrote on 7 May 1997:
isdn4linux also works in Italy (ICN card). I accept Internet connections
from my customers with X.75 and asyncPPP. I would like to
migrate to synchronous PPP. For the FAQ, here is a problem that I found
with Italian lines.
The MSN must be the phone number with the Italian area code but without
the leading 0. For example, if my phone number is 72004681 and my area
code is 045, my MSN is 4572004681.
Now with the setting AT&E4572004681 isdn4linux works fine. ]
!verboff
!3The Netherlands
Q: What does our MSN look like?
A: In The Netherlands the MSN includes (as opposed to the German
Telekom) !u1also the area code!u0 - but without the leading zero.
If your telephone number were 01234-56789, then it would be
configured as follows:
!verbon
* Modem emulation:
"AT&e123456789" (without leading zero)
* Network interfaces:
"isdnctrl eaz <interface> 123456789" (without leading zero)
For test calls to yourself:
"isdnctrl addphone <interface> in 123456789" (without leading zero)
"isdnctrl addphone <interface> out 0123456789" (with leading zero)
!verboff
Q: How can I get isdnlog to calculate the charges for the Dutch telephone
company?
A: See this question under "isdnlog" in the section "Configuration".
Q: Are there any other peculiarities?
A: It is thought that the Dutch telephone company at night sometimes loses
a TEI. See the question "On my ELSA card, the LED for the loss of the TEI
often blinks. My connections are also often disrupted..."
!3Austria
!old
Q: We have neither an MSN nor an EAZ, only a normal plain telephone number.
What do we have to use for i4l?
A: Bernhard Kruepl <b.kruepl@ieee.org> wrote
!verbon
In Austria you always have to use "0" as the ingoing EAZ/MSN for the
first (or only). Any further MSNs can be set normally.
!verboff
!old
Q: Incoming and outgoing calls won't work ("incoming call without CPN")
A: In Austria ISDN lines are by standard installed !u1without!u0 MSN (which is
different from Germany). That means when somebody calls the installed ISDN
number the called party gets signalled a "global call". i4l then says
"incoming call without CPN" - "CPN" means called party number.
Solution: Set the incoming "MSN" (in reality: none) to "0", then i4l
responds to the global call. Otherwise it waits for the signalling of the
number you told i4l, and that won't happen (happens only for *additional*
MSN).!br
On the other hand you should set the outgoing MSN correctly (without area
code) -- however, a wrong MSN will be replaced with the correct one by your
telecommunications provider.
!old
Q: Why doesn't my getty answer the EAZ it should respond to if somebody dials
the "0", the broadcast number? In the log file it says "Incoming call
without CPN, assuming '0'".
A: CPN=Called Party Number, the number of your own side. It's missing, that's
why i4l assumes "0". If the getty is configured on another number but "0" it
will not respond. Let somebody dial with a telephone on the EAZ of your
getty and check whether all telephones are ringing or just the one that
was set to the EAZ of your getty. It could also be an error of your
telephone company.
!3Switzerland
!old
Q: We have neither an MSN nor an EAZ, just a plain telephone number. What do we
have to use for i4l?
A: Herbert Rosmanith <herp@wildsau.idv.uni-linz.ac.at> wrote:
In Switzerland you have to use the !u1last number!u0 of your telephone
number as your MSN/EAZ ("6" if you have the telephone number "123456").
!old
Q: I can only keep a 184 second connection with i4l. After that the connection
breaks with cause "Temporary failure" since the telephone company uses new
software for its equipment.
A: That is a bug in i4l - Q.931 demands that there has to be an answer to
a "STATUS ENQUIRY" frame. This is not yet programmed in i4l.
Karsten Keil <isdn4@temic-ech.spacenet.de> has fixed it now in the new
"HiSax" driver. There is a patch named STATUS for the Teles driver.
See also the question General HiSax and the section about the HiSax driver.
Q: How can I get isdnlog to calculate the charges for the Swiss telephone
company?
A: See this question under "isdnlog" in the section "Configuration".
!3Portugal
Q: What should we use as MSN?
A: As long as only one telephone number or MSN was applied for, the telephone
company sends no caller ID. Therefore the MSN should be set to "0".
If more than one MSNs was applied for, then these should be set as usual.
!3North America
Q: Can we use isdn4linux in North America?
A: Yes, the firm "Spellcaster" has written an isdn4linux driver for its own
cards. More information is available from:
!verbon
Ian James
Customer Service Manager
SpellCaster Telecommunications Inc.
73 Laird Drive, Suite 206
Toronto, Ontario
Canada M4G 3T4
Phone: 1 (800) 238-0547
Fax: (416) 425-0854
E-mail: ipj@spellcast.com or sales@spellcast.com
http://www.spellcast.com
!verboff
Q: Why can't I use European ISDN cards in North America?
A: In Europe, the telephone company normally makes the network terminator
(NTBA) available. In North America !u1the customer!u0 has to supply such
a device(NT-1) himself! Therefore, most ISDN cards offer an
integrated NT-1.!br
There are also other differences; e.g. in Europe a PRI (Primary
Rate Interface) has 30 B channels, in North America only 23.
Q: Which protocol is used in North America?
A: NI-1 is used - it's related to DSS1. Both are Q.931 Protocols, but
have totally different groups of functions and are therefore not
compatible to one other.
!2Miscellaneous
!old
Q: How can I set the clock of my computer with ISDN?
A: Isdnlog offers this feature with option "-t". Unfortunately, the
seconds are not transmitted via ISDN, and the transmitted time is
not very accurate - depending on the ISDN equipment of your
telephone company there may be a deviation of several minutes (!).
It's better to get a PC clock that is set by radio signals and
check it with, for example, xntp. You can also use a time server in
the Internet with "netdate" or "rdate". One time server can be
found in Cologne: time.rrz.uni-koeln.de, but there are many more.
Q: Where can I find information on the dip switches of my NTBA?
A: !link ftp://novix.oih.rwth-aachen.de/pub/ntba.zip; (ca. 170kB)
Q: Can I connect two ISDN devices directly with a kind of "null modem cable"?
A: No, that's not possible. The concept of ISDN doesn't allow it. A NTBA or a
PBX with an internal bus is required.
!old
Q: Where can I get documentation on Siemens' HSCX and ISAC chips?
A: Alexander List <alex@ag.or.at> wrote:
!verbon
!link http://www.siemens.de/;, there are a lot of PDF files available.
If a CD-ROM is ok: Technical Product Information for Siemens
Semiconductors, order# B192-H6641-X5-X-7400
Siemens AG, Semiconductor Group, Balanstr. 73, Pf. 801709, D-81617
Muenchen, Fax 089-4144-3952.
!verboff
Beat Doebeli <beat@castle.swill.org> wrote:
!verbon
From the Siemens handbook:
Place your order at:
Siemens AG
LZF Semiconductor Book Shop
Postfach 2352
90713 Fuerth-Bislohe
Tel (0911)3001-220/224
Fax (0911)3001-238
Price groups (1994)
I DM 5.-
II DM 10.-
III DM 20.-
IV DM 30.-
ISAC S PEB 2085; PEB 2086 ISDN Subscriber Access Controller
Order# B115-H6485-G1-X-7600, 328 pages price category IV
HSCX - High Level Serial Communication Controller Extended
Order# B115-H6520-G1-X-7600, 140 pages price category III
or as CD-ROM
Technical Product Information for Communication ICs (Edition 1, Jun 95)
Order# B193-H6905-X-X-7400, price ?
!verboff
!old
Q: Where can I find the "bat" book about configuration of sendmail?
A: dietmar <dietmar@highway.bertelsmann.de> wrote on 8 Oct 1996:
!verbon
O'Reilly catalog 1997 (brand new from the book fair): "book
dealers report to us that some books are so strongly associated
with animals that many clients won't ask for the normal title,
but just for the (i.e.) 'camel book' (Programming Perl)."
!verboff
In a _good_ book shop you should find the following:
!verbon
Title: sendmail (3rd edition 9/94)
Author: Costales, Allman, Rickert
ISBN: 1-56592-056-2
Costs: 66.-- DM
More on:
!link http://www.ora.com/catalog/sendmail/noframes.html;
!link http://www.lob.de/;
!verboff
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