532 lines
24 KiB
Tcl
532 lines
24 KiB
Tcl
#
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# Run this Tcl script to generate the pragma.html file.
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#
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set rcsid {$Id: pragma.tcl,v 1.20 2007/02/02 12:33:17 drh Exp $}
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source common.tcl
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header {Pragma statements supported by SQLite}
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proc Section {name {label {}}} {
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puts "\n<hr />"
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if {$label!=""} {
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puts "<a name=\"$label\"></a>"
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}
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puts "<h1>$name</h1>\n"
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}
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puts {
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<p>The <a href="#syntax">PRAGMA command</a> is a special command used to
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modify the operation of the SQLite library or to query the library for
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internal (non-table) data. The PRAGMA command is issued using the same
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interface as other SQLite commands (e.g. SELECT, INSERT) but is
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different in the following important respects:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Specific pragma statements may be removed and others added in future
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releases of SQLite. Use with caution!
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<li>No error messages are generated if an unknown pragma is issued.
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Unknown pragmas are simply ignored. This means if there is a typo in
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a pragma statement the library does not inform the user of the fact.
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<li>Some pragmas take effect during the SQL compilation stage, not the
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execution stage. This means if using the C-language sqlite3_compile(),
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sqlite3_step(), sqlite3_finalize() API (or similar in a wrapper
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interface), the pragma may be applied to the library during the
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sqlite3_compile() call.
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<li>The pragma command is unlikely to be compatible with any other SQL
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engine.
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</ul>
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<p>The available pragmas fall into four basic categories:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Pragmas used to <a href="#schema">query the schema</a> of the current
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database.
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<li>Pragmas used to <a href="#modify">modify the operation</a> of the
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SQLite library in some manner, or to query for the current mode of
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operation.
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<li>Pragmas used to <a href="#version">query or modify the databases two
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version values</a>, the schema-version and the user-version.
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<li>Pragmas used to <a href="#debug">debug the library</a> and verify that
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database files are not corrupted.
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</ul>
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}
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Section {PRAGMA command syntax} syntax
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Syntax {sql-statement} {
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PRAGMA <name> [= <value>] |
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PRAGMA <function>(<arg>)
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}
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puts {
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<p>The pragmas that take an integer <b><i>value</i></b> also accept
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symbolic names. The strings "<b>on</b>", "<b>true</b>", and "<b>yes</b>"
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are equivalent to <b>1</b>. The strings "<b>off</b>", "<b>false</b>",
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and "<b>no</b>" are equivalent to <b>0</b>. These strings are case-
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insensitive, and do not require quotes. An unrecognized string will be
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treated as <b>1</b>, and will not generate an error. When the <i>value</i>
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is returned it is as an integer.</p>
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}
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Section {Pragmas to modify library operation} modify
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puts {
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<ul>
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<a name="pragma_auto_vacuum"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA auto_vacuum;
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<br>PRAGMA auto_vacuum = </b><i>0 | 1</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p> Query or set the auto-vacuum flag in the database.</p>
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<p>Normally, when a transaction that deletes data from a database is
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committed, the database file remains the same size. Unused database file
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pages are marked as such and reused later on, when data is inserted into
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the database. In this mode the <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a>
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command is used to reclaim unused space.</p>
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<p>When the auto-vacuum flag is set, the database file shrinks when a
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transaction that deletes data is committed (The VACUUM command is not
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useful in a database with the auto-vacuum flag set). To support this
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functionality the database stores extra information internally, resulting
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in slightly larger database files than would otherwise be possible.</p>
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<p>It is only possible to modify the value of the auto-vacuum flag before
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any tables have been created in the database. No error message is
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returned if an attempt to modify the auto-vacuum flag is made after
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one or more tables have been created.
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</p></li>
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<a name="pragma_cache_size"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA cache_size;
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<br>PRAGMA cache_size = </b><i>Number-of-pages</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>Query or change the maximum number of database disk pages that SQLite
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will hold in memory at once. Each page uses about 1.5K of memory.
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The default cache size is 2000. If you are doing UPDATEs or DELETEs
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that change many rows of a database and you do not mind if SQLite
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uses more memory, you can increase the cache size for a possible speed
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improvement.</p>
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<p>When you change the cache size using the cache_size pragma, the
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change only endures for the current session. The cache size reverts
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to the default value when the database is closed and reopened. Use
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the <a href="#pragma_default_cache_size"><b>default_cache_size</b></a>
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pragma to check the cache size permanently.</p></li>
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<a name="pragma_case_sensitive_like"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA case_sensitive_like;
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<br>PRAGMA case_sensitive_like = </b><i>0 | 1</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>The default behavior of the LIKE operator is to ignore case
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for latin1 characters. Hence, by default <b>'a' LIKE 'A'</b> is
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true. The case_sensitive_like pragma can be turned on to change
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this behavior. When case_sensitive_like is enabled,
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<b>'a' LIKE 'A'</b> is false but <b>'a' LIKE 'a'</b> is still true.</p>
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</li>
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<a name="pragma_count_changes"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA count_changes;
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<br>PRAGMA count_changes = </b><i>0 | 1</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>Query or change the count-changes flag. Normally, when the
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count-changes flag is not set, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE statements
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return no data. When count-changes is set, each of these commands
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returns a single row of data consisting of one integer value - the
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number of rows inserted, modified or deleted by the command. The
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returned change count does not include any insertions, modifications
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or deletions performed by triggers.</p>
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<a name="pragma_default_cache_size"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA default_cache_size;
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<br>PRAGMA default_cache_size = </b><i>Number-of-pages</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>Query or change the maximum number of database disk pages that SQLite
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will hold in memory at once. Each page uses 1K on disk and about
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1.5K in memory.
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This pragma works like the
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<a href="#pragma_cache_size"><b>cache_size</b></a>
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pragma with the additional
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feature that it changes the cache size persistently. With this pragma,
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you can set the cache size once and that setting is retained and reused
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every time you reopen the database.</p></li>
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<a name="pragma_default_synchronous"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA default_synchronous;</b></p>
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<p>This pragma was available in version 2.8 but was removed in version
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3.0. It is a dangerous pragma whose use is discouraged. To help
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dissuide users of version 2.8 from employing this pragma, the documentation
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will not tell you what it does.</p></li>
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<a name="pragma_empty_result_callbacks"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA empty_result_callbacks;
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<br>PRAGMA empty_result_callbacks = </b><i>0 | 1</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>Query or change the empty-result-callbacks flag.</p>
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<p>The empty-result-callbacks flag affects the sqlite3_exec API only.
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Normally, when the empty-result-callbacks flag is cleared, the
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callback function supplied to the sqlite3_exec() call is not invoked
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for commands that return zero rows of data. When empty-result-callbacks
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is set in this situation, the callback function is invoked exactly once,
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with the third parameter set to 0 (NULL). This is to enable programs
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that use the sqlite3_exec() API to retrieve column-names even when
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a query returns no data.
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</p>
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<a name="pragma_encoding"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA encoding;
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<br>PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-8";
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<br>PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-16";
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<br>PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-16le";
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<br>PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-16be";</b></p>
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<p>In first form, if the main database has already been
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created, then this pragma returns the text encoding used by the
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main database, one of "UTF-8", "UTF-16le" (little-endian UTF-16
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encoding) or "UTF-16be" (big-endian UTF-16 encoding). If the main
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database has not already been created, then the value returned is the
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text encoding that will be used to create the main database, if
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it is created by this session.</p>
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<p>The second and subsequent forms of this pragma are only useful if
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the main database has not already been created. In this case the
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pragma sets the encoding that the main database will be created with if
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it is created by this session. The string "UTF-16" is interpreted
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as "UTF-16 encoding using native machine byte-ordering". If the second
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and subsequent forms are used after the database file has already
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been created, they have no effect and are silently ignored.</p>
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<p>Once an encoding has been set for a database, it cannot be changed.</p>
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<p>Databases created by the ATTACH command always use the same encoding
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as the main database.</p>
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</li>
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<a name="pragma_full_column_names"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA full_column_names;
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<br>PRAGMA full_column_names = </b><i>0 | 1</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>Query or change the full-column-names flag. This flag affects
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the way SQLite names columns of data returned by SELECT statements
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when the expression for the column is a table-column name or the
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wildcard "*". Normally, such result columns are named
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<table-name/alias><column-name> if the SELECT statement joins
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two or
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more tables together, or simply <column-name> if the SELECT
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statement queries a single table. When the full-column-names flag
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is set, such columns are always named <table-name/alias>
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<column-name> regardless of whether or not a join is performed.
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</p>
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<p>If both the short-column-names and full-column-names are set,
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then the behaviour associated with the full-column-names flag is
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exhibited.
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</p>
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</li>
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<a name="pragma_fullfsync"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA fullfsync
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<br>PRAGMA fullfsync = </b><i>0 | 1</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>Query or change the fullfsync flag. This flag affects
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determines whether or not the F_FULLFSYNC syncing method is used
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on systems that support it. The default value is off. As of this
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writing (2006-02-10) only Mac OS X supports F_FULLFSYNC.
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</p>
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</li>
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<a name="pragma_legacy_file_format"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA legacy_file_format;
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<br>PRAGMA legacy_file_format = <i>ON | OFF</i></b></p>
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<p>This pragma sets or queries the value of the legacy_file_format
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flag. When this flag is on, new SQLite databases are created in
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a file format that is readable and writable by all versions of
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SQLite going back to 3.0.0. When the flag is off, new databases
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are created using the latest file format which might not be
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readable or writable by older versions of SQLite.</p>
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<p>This flag only affects newly created databases. It has no
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effect on databases that already exist.</p>
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</li>
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<a name="pragma_page_size"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA page_size;
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<br>PRAGMA page_size = </b><i>bytes</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>Query or set the page-size of the database. The page-size
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may only be set if the database has not yet been created. The page
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size must be a power of two greater than or equal to 512 and less
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than or equal to 8192. The upper limit may be modified by setting
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the value of macro SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE during compilation. The
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maximum upper bound is 32768.
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</p>
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</li>
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<a name="pragma_read_uncommitted"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA read_uncommitted;
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<br>PRAGMA read_uncommitted = </b><i>0 | 1</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>Query, set, or clear READ UNCOMMITTED isolation. The default isolation
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level for SQLite is SERIALIZABLE. Any process or thread can select
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READ UNCOMMITTED isolation, but SERIALIZABLE will still be used except
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between connections that share a common page and schema cache.
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Cache sharing is enabled using the
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<a href="capi3ref.html#sqlite3_enable_shared_cache">
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sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()</a> API and is only available between
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connections running the same thread. Cache sharing is off by default.
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</p>
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</li>
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<a name="pragma_short_column_names"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA short_column_names;
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<br>PRAGMA short_column_names = </b><i>0 | 1</i><b>;</b></p>
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<p>Query or change the short-column-names flag. This flag affects
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the way SQLite names columns of data returned by SELECT statements
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when the expression for the column is a table-column name or the
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wildcard "*". Normally, such result columns are named
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<table-name/alias>lt;column-name> if the SELECT statement
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joins two or more tables together, or simply <column-name> if
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the SELECT statement queries a single table. When the short-column-names
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flag is set, such columns are always named <column-name>
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regardless of whether or not a join is performed.
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</p>
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<p>If both the short-column-names and full-column-names are set,
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then the behaviour associated with the full-column-names flag is
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exhibited.
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</p>
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</li>
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<a name="pragma_synchronous"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA synchronous;
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<br>PRAGMA synchronous = FULL; </b>(2)<b>
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<br>PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL; </b>(1)<b>
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<br>PRAGMA synchronous = OFF; </b>(0)</p>
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<p>Query or change the setting of the "synchronous" flag.
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The first (query) form will return the setting as an
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integer. When synchronous is FULL (2), the SQLite database engine will
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pause at critical moments to make sure that data has actually been
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written to the disk surface before continuing. This ensures that if
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the operating system crashes or if there is a power failure, the database
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will be uncorrupted after rebooting. FULL synchronous is very
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safe, but it is also slow.
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When synchronous is NORMAL, the SQLite database
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engine will still pause at the most critical moments, but less often
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than in FULL mode. There is a very small (though non-zero) chance that
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a power failure at just the wrong time could corrupt the database in
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NORMAL mode. But in practice, you are more likely to suffer
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a catastrophic disk failure or some other unrecoverable hardware
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fault.
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With synchronous OFF (0), SQLite continues without pausing
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as soon as it has handed data off to the operating system.
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If the application running SQLite crashes, the data will be safe, but
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the database might become corrupted if the operating system
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crashes or the computer loses power before that data has been written
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to the disk surface. On the other hand, some
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operations are as much as 50 or more times faster with synchronous OFF.
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</p>
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<p>In SQLite version 2, the default value is NORMAL. For version 3, the
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default was changed to FULL.
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</p>
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</li>
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<a name="pragma_temp_store"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA temp_store;
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<br>PRAGMA temp_store = DEFAULT;</b> (0)<b>
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<br>PRAGMA temp_store = FILE;</b> (1)<b>
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<br>PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY;</b> (2)</p>
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<p>Query or change the setting of the "<b>temp_store</b>" parameter.
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When temp_store is DEFAULT (0), the compile-time C preprocessor macro
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TEMP_STORE is used to determine where temporary tables and indices
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are stored. When
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temp_store is MEMORY (2) temporary tables and indices are kept in memory.
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When temp_store is FILE (1) temporary tables and indices are stored
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in a file. The <a href="#pragma_temp_store_directory">
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temp_store_directory</a> pragma can be used to specify the directory
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containing this file.
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<b>FILE</b> is specified. When the temp_store setting is changed,
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all existing temporary tables, indices, triggers, and views are
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immediately deleted.</p>
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<p>It is possible for the library compile-time C preprocessor symbol
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TEMP_STORE to override this pragma setting. The following table summarizes
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the interaction of the TEMP_STORE preprocessor macro and the
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temp_store pragma:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" border="1">
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<tr><th valign="bottom">TEMP_STORE</th>
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<th valign="bottom">PRAGMA<br>temp_store</th>
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<th>Storage used for<br>TEMP tables and indices</th></tr>
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<tr><td align="center">0</td>
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<td align="center"><em>any</em></td>
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<td align="center">file</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center">1</td>
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<td align="center">0</td>
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<td align="center">file</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center">1</td>
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<td align="center">1</td>
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<td align="center">file</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center">1</td>
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<td align="center">2</td>
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<td align="center">memory</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center">2</td>
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<td align="center">0</td>
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<td align="center">memory</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center">2</td>
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<td align="center">1</td>
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<td align="center">file</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center">2</td>
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<td align="center">2</td>
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<td align="center">memory</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center">3</td>
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<td align="center"><em>any</em></td>
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<td align="center">memory</td></tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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</li>
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<br>
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<a name="pragma_temp_store_directory"></a>
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<li><p><b>PRAGMA temp_store_directory;
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<br>PRAGMA temp_store_directory = 'directory-name';</b></p>
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<p>Query or change the setting of the "temp_store_directory" - the
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directory where files used for storing temporary tables and indices
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are kept. This setting lasts for the duration of the current connection
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only and resets to its default value for each new connection opened.
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<p>When the temp_store_directory setting is changed, all existing temporary
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tables, indices, triggers, and viewers are immediately deleted. In
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practice, temp_store_directory should be set immediately after the
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database is opened. </p>
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<p>The value <i>directory-name</i> should be enclosed in single quotes.
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To revert the directory to the default, set the <i>directory-name</i> to
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an empty string, e.g., <i>PRAGMA temp_store_directory = ''</i>. An
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error is raised if <i>directory-name</i> is not found or is not
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writable. </p>
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<p>The default directory for temporary files depends on the OS. For
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Unix/Linux/OSX, the default is the is the first writable directory found
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in the list of: <b>/var/tmp, /usr/tmp, /tmp,</b> and <b>
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<i>current-directory</i></b>. For Windows NT, the default
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directory is determined by Windows, generally
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<b>C:\Documents and Settings\<i>user-name</i>\Local Settings\Temp\</b>.
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Temporary files created by SQLite are unlinked immediately after
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opening, so that the operating system can automatically delete the
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files when the SQLite process exits. Thus, temporary files are not
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normally visible through <i>ls</i> or <i>dir</i> commands.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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}
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Section {Pragmas to query the database schema} schema
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|
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puts {
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<ul>
|
|
<a name="pragma_database_list"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA database_list;</b></p>
|
|
<p>For each open database, invoke the callback function once with
|
|
information about that database. Arguments include the index and
|
|
the name the database was attached with. The first row will be for
|
|
the main database. The second row will be for the database used to
|
|
store temporary tables.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
<a name="pragma_foreign_key_list"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA foreign_key_list(</b><i>table-name</i><b>);</b></p>
|
|
<p>For each foreign key that references a column in the argument
|
|
table, invoke the callback function with information about that
|
|
foreign key. The callback function will be invoked once for each
|
|
column in each foreign key.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
<a name="pragma_index_info"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA index_info(</b><i>index-name</i><b>);</b></p>
|
|
<p>For each column that the named index references, invoke the
|
|
callback function
|
|
once with information about that column, including the column name,
|
|
and the column number.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
<a name="pragma_index_list"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA index_list(</b><i>table-name</i><b>);</b></p>
|
|
<p>For each index on the named table, invoke the callback function
|
|
once with information about that index. Arguments include the
|
|
index name and a flag to indicate whether or not the index must be
|
|
unique.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
<a name="pragma_table_info"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA table_info(</b><i>table-name</i><b>);</b></p>
|
|
<p>For each column in the named table, invoke the callback function
|
|
once with information about that column, including the column name,
|
|
data type, whether or not the column can be NULL, and the default
|
|
value for the column.</p></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Section {Pragmas to query/modify version values} version
|
|
|
|
puts {
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<a name="pragma_schema_version"></a>
|
|
<a name="pragma_user_version"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA [database.]schema_version;
|
|
<br>PRAGMA [database.]schema_version = </b><i>integer </i><b>;
|
|
<br>PRAGMA [database.]user_version;
|
|
<br>PRAGMA [database.]user_version = </b><i>integer </i><b>;</b>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> The pragmas schema_version and user_version are used to set or get
|
|
the value of the schema-version and user-version, respectively. Both
|
|
the schema-version and the user-version are 32-bit signed integers
|
|
stored in the database header.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p> The schema-version is usually only manipulated internally by SQLite.
|
|
It is incremented by SQLite whenever the database schema is modified
|
|
(by creating or dropping a table or index). The schema version is
|
|
used by SQLite each time a query is executed to ensure that the
|
|
internal cache of the schema used when compiling the SQL query matches
|
|
the schema of the database against which the compiled query is actually
|
|
executed. Subverting this mechanism by using "PRAGMA schema_version"
|
|
to modify the schema-version is potentially dangerous and may lead
|
|
to program crashes or database corruption. Use with caution!</p>
|
|
|
|
<p> The user-version is not used internally by SQLite. It may be used by
|
|
applications for any purpose.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Section {Pragmas to debug the library} debug
|
|
|
|
puts {
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<a name="pragma_integrity_check"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA integrity_check;
|
|
<br>PRAGMA integrity_check(</b><i>integer</i><b>)</b></p>
|
|
<p>The command does an integrity check of the entire database. It
|
|
looks for out-of-order records, missing pages, malformed records, and
|
|
corrupt indices.
|
|
If any problems are found, then strings are returned (as multiple
|
|
rows with a single column per row) which describe
|
|
the problems. At most <i>integer</i> errors will be reported
|
|
before the analysis quits. The default value for <i>integer</i>
|
|
is 100. If no errors are found, a single row with the value "ok" is
|
|
returned.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
<a name="pragma_parser_trace"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA parser_trace = ON; </b>(1)<b>
|
|
<br>PRAGMA parser_trace = OFF;</b> (0)</p>
|
|
<p>Turn tracing of the SQL parser inside of the
|
|
SQLite library on and off. This is used for debugging.
|
|
This only works if the library is compiled without the NDEBUG macro.
|
|
</p></li>
|
|
|
|
<a name="pragma_vdbe_trace"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA vdbe_trace = ON; </b>(1)<b>
|
|
<br>PRAGMA vdbe_trace = OFF;</b> (0)</p>
|
|
<p>Turn tracing of the virtual database engine inside of the
|
|
SQLite library on and off. This is used for debugging. See the
|
|
<a href="vdbe.html#trace">VDBE documentation</a> for more
|
|
information.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
<a name="pragma_vdbe_listing"></a>
|
|
<li><p><b>PRAGMA vdbe_listing = ON; </b>(1)<b>
|
|
<br>PRAGMA vdbe_listing = OFF;</b> (0)</p>
|
|
<p>Turn listings of virtual machine programs on and off.
|
|
With listing is on, the entire content of a program is printed
|
|
just prior to beginning execution. This is like automatically
|
|
executing an EXPLAIN prior to each statement. The statement
|
|
executes normally after the listing is printed.
|
|
This is used for debugging. See the
|
|
<a href="vdbe.html#trace">VDBE documentation</a> for more
|
|
information.</p></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
}
|