examples
^^^^^^^^
The examples directory contains several sample applications that
can be linked with NuttX. The specific example is selected in the
configs/<board-name>/appconfig file via the CONFIGURED_APPS setting.
This setting provides the path to the directory containing the
application Makefile (this path is a relative to the apps/ top-
level directory). For example,
CONFIGURE_APPS += examples/ostest
Selects the examples/ostest example.
examples/dhcpd
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This examples builds a tiny DCHP server for the target system.
NOTE: For test purposes, this example can be built as a
host-based DHCPD server. This can be built as follows:
cd examples/dhcpd
make -f Makefile.host TOPDIR=<nuttx-directory>
NuttX configuration settings:
CONFIG_NET=y - Of course
CONFIG_NSOCKET_DESCRIPTORS - And, of course, you must allocate some
socket descriptors.
CONFIG_NET_UDP=y - UDP support is required for DHCP
(as well as various other UDP-related
configuration settings)
CONFIG_NET_BROADCAST=y - UDP broadcast support is needed.
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_DHCPD_NOMAC - (May be defined to use software assigned MAC)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_DHCPD_IPADDR - Target IP address
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_DHCPD_DRIPADDR - Default router IP addess
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_DHCPD_NETMASK - Network mask
See also CONFIG_NETUTILS_DHCPD_* settings described elsewhere
and used in netutils/dhcpd/dhcpd.c. These settings are required
to described the behavior of the daemon.
Applications using this example will need to provide an appconfig
file in the configuration driver with instruction to build applications
like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
examples/hello
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is the mandatory, "Hello, World!!" example. It is little more
than examples/null with a single printf statement. Again useful only
for bringing up new NuttX architectures.
NuttX configuration settings:
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_HELLOXX_NOSTATICCONST - Set if system does not support
static constructors.
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_HELLOXX_NOSTACKCONST - Set if the systgem does not
support constructionof objects on the stack.
examples/helloxx
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is C++ version of the "Hello, World!!" example. It is intended
only to verify that the C++ compiler is function, that basic C++
library suupport is available, and that class are instantiated
correctly.
examples/hidkbd
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is a simple test to debug/verify the USB host HID keyboard class
driver.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_HIDKBD_DEFPRIO - Priority of "waiter" thread.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_HIDKBD_STACKSIZE - Stacksize of "waiter" thread.
examples/igmp
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is a trivial test of the NuttX IGMP capability. It present it
does not do much of value -- Much more is needed in order to verify
the IGMP features!
* CONFIG_EXAMPLE_IGMP_NOMAC
Set if the hardware has no MAC address; one will be assigned
* CONFIG_EXAMPLE_IGMP_IPADDR
Target board IP address
* CONFIG_EXAMPLE_IGMP_DRIPADDR
Default router address
* CONFIG_EXAMPLE_IGMP_NETMASK
Network mask
* CONFIG_EXAMPLE_IGMP_GRPADDR
Multicast group address
Applications using this example will need to provide an appconfig
file in the configuration driver with instruction to build applications
like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
examples/mm
^^^^^^^^^^^
This is a simplified version of the "built-in" memory manager test of
mm/mm_test.c. It is simplified because it does not have access to the
internals of the memory manager as does mm/mm_test.c, but it has the
advantage that it runs in the actual NuttX tasking environment (the
mm/mm_test.c only runs in a PC simulation environment).
examples/mount
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This contains a simple test of filesystem mountpoints.
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_MOUNT_DEVNAME
The name of the user-provided block device to mount.
If CONFIG_EXAMPLES_MOUNT_DEVNAME is not provided, then
a RAM disk will be configured.
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_MOUNT_NSECTORS
The number of "sectors" in the RAM disk used when
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_MOUNT_DEVNAME is not defined.
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_MOUNT_SECTORSIZE
The size of each sectors in the RAM disk used when
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_MOUNT_DEVNAME is not defined.
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_MOUNT_RAMDEVNO
The RAM device minor number used to mount the RAM disk used
when CONFIG_EXAMPLES_MOUNT_DEVNAME is not defined. The
default is zero (meaning that "/dev/ram0" will be used).
examples/netttest
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is a simple network test for verifying client- and server-
functionality in a TCP/IP connection.
Applications using this example will need to provide an appconfig
file in the configuration driver with instruction to build applications
like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
examples/nsh
^^^^^^^^^^^^
This directory provides an example of how to configure and use
the NuttShell (NSH) application. NSH is a simple shell
application. NSH is described in its own README located at
apps/nshlib/README.txt
Applications using this example will need to provide an appconfig
file in the configuration driver with instruction to build applications
like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += nshlib
And if networking is included:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
CONFIGURED_APPS += dhcpc
CONFIGURED_APPS += resolv
CONFIGURED_APPS += tftp
CONFIGURED_APPS += webclient
examples/nx
^^^^^^^^^^^
This directory contains a simple test of a subset of the NX APIs
defined in include/nuttx/nx.h. The following configuration options
can be selected:
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_VPLANE -- The plane to select from the frame-
buffer driver for use in the test. Default: 0
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_DEVNO - The LCD device to select from the LCD
driver for use in the test: Default: 0
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_BGCOLOR -- The color of the background. Default depends on
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_BPP.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_COLOR1 -- The color of window 1. Default depends on
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_BPP.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_COLOR2 -- The color of window 2. Default depends on
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_BPP.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_TBCOLOR -- The color of the toolbar. Default depends on
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_BPP.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_FONTCOLOR -- The color of the toolbar. Default depends on
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_BPP.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_BPP -- Pixels per pixel to use. Valid options
include 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32. Default is 32.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_RAWWINDOWS -- Use raw windows; Default is to
use pretty, framed NXTK windows with toolbars.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_EXTERNINIT - The driver for the graphics device on
this platform requires some unusual initialization. This is the
for, for example, SPI LCD/OLED devices. If this configuration is
selected, then the platform code must provide an LCD initialization
function with a prototype like:
#ifdef CONFIG_NX_LCDDRIVER
FAR struct lcd_dev_s *up_nxdrvinit(unsigned int devno);
#else
FAR struct fb_vtable_s *up_nxdrvinit(unsigned int devno);
#endif
This test can be performed with either the single-user version of
NX or with the multiple user version of NX selected with CONFIG_NX_MULTIUSER.
If CONFIG_NX_MULTIUSER is defined, then the following configuration
options also apply:
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_STACKSIZE -- The stacksize to use when creating
the NX server. Default 2048
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_CLIENTPRIO -- The client priority. Default: 100
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_SERVERPRIO -- The server priority. Default: 120
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_LISTENERPRIO -- The priority of the event listener
thread. Default 80.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NX_NOTIFYSIGNO -- The signal number to use with
nx_eventnotify(). Default: 4
If CONFIG_NX_MULTIUSER is defined, then the example also expects the
following settings and will generate an error if they are not as expected:
CONFIG_DISABLE_MQUEUE=n
CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS=n
CONFIG_DISABLE_PTHREAD=n
CONFIG_NX_BLOCKING=y
examples/nxffs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is a test of the NuttX NXFFS FLASH file system. This is an NXFFS
stress test and beats on the file system very hard. It should only
be used in a simulation environment! Putting this NXFFS test on real
hardware will most likely destroy your FLASH. You have been warned.
examples/nxflat
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This example builds a small NXFLAT test case. This includes several
test programs under examples/nxflat tests. These tests are build using
the NXFLAT format and installed in a ROMFS file system. At run time,
each program in the ROMFS file system is executed. Requires CONFIG_NXFLAT.
examples/null
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is the do nothing application. It is only used for bringing
up new NuttX architectures in the most minimal of environments.
examples/ostest
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is the NuttX 'qualification' suite. It attempts to exercise
a broad set of OS functionality. Its coverage is not very extensive
as of this writing, but it is used to qualify each NuttX release.
The behavior of the ostest can be modified with the following
settings in the configs/<board-name>/defconfig file:
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_OSTEST_LOOPS
Used to control the number of executions of the test. If
undefined, the test executes one time. If defined to be
zero, the test runs forever.
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_OSTEST_STACKSIZE
Used to create the ostest task. Default is 8192.
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_OSTEST_NBARRIER_THREADS
Specifies the number of threads to create in the barrier
test. The default is 8 but a smaller number may be needed on
systems without sufficient memory to start so many threads.
examples/pashello
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is "Hello, World" implemented via the Pascal P-Code interpreter. In
order to use this example, you must first download and install the
NuttX pascal module. After unpacking the pascal module, you can find
installation instructions in pascal/nuttx/README.txt.
The correct install location for the NuttX examples and build files is
apps/interpreters.
examples/pipe
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A test of the mkfifo() and pipe() APIs.
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_PIPE_STACKSIZE
Sets the size of the stack to use when creating the child tasks.
The default size is 1024.
examples/poll
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A test of the poll() and select() APIs using FIFOs and, if available,
stdin, and a TCP/IP socket. In order to build this test, you must the
following selected in your NuttX configuration file:
CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS - Defined to be greater than 0
CONFIG_DISABLE_POLL - NOT defined
In order to use the TCP/IP select test, you have also the following
additional things selected in your NuttX configuration file:
CONFIG_NET - Defined for general network support
CONFIG_NET_TCP - Defined for TCP/IP support
CONFIG_NSOCKET_DESCRIPTORS - Defined to be greater than 0
CONFIG_NET_NTCP_READAHEAD_BUFFERS - Defined to be greater than zero
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_POLL_NOMAC - (May be defined to use software assigned MAC)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_POLL_IPADDR - Target IP address
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_POLL_DRIPADDR - Default router IP addess
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_POLL_NETMASK - Network mask
In order to for select to work with incoming connections, you
must also select:
CONFIG_NET_TCPBACKLOG - Incoming connections pend in a backlog until accept() is called.
In additional to the target device-side example, there is also
a host-side application in this directory. It can be compiled under
Linux or Cygwin as follows:
cd examples/usbserial
make -f Makefile.host TOPDIR=<nuttx-directory> TARGETIP=<target-ip>
Where <target-ip> is the IP address of your target board.
This will generate a small program called 'host'. Usage:
1. Build the examples/poll target program with TCP/IP poll support
and start the target.
3. Then start the host application:
./host
The host and target will exchange are variety of small messages. Each
message sent from the host should cause the select to return in target.
The target example should read the small message and send it back to
the host. The host should then receive the echo'ed message.
If networking is enabled, applications using this example will need to
provide an appconfig file in the configuration driver with instruction
to build applications like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
examples/rgmp
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
RGMP stands for RTOS and GPOS on Multi-Processor. RGMP is a project for
running GPOS and RTOS simultaneously on multi-processor platforms. You can
port your favorite RTOS to RGMP together with an unmodified Linux to form a
hybrid operating system. This makes your application able to use both RTOS
and GPOS features.
See http://rgmp.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page for further
At present, the RGMP example folder contains only an empty main.c file.
examples/romfs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This example exercises the romfs filesystem. Configuration options
include:
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_ROMFS_RAMDEVNO
The minor device number to use for the ROM disk. The default is
1 (meaning /dev/ram1)
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_ROMFS_SECTORSIZE
The ROM disk sector size to use. Default is 64.
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_ROMFS_MOUNTPOINT
The location to mount the ROM disk. Deafault: "/usr/local/share"
examples/sendmail
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This examples exercises the uIP SMTP logic by sending a test message
to a selected recipient. This test can also be built to execute on
the Cygwin/Linux host environment:
cd examples/sendmail
make -f Makefile.host TOPDIR=<nuttx-directory>
Settings unique to this example include:
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_SENDMAIL_NOMAC - May be defined to use software assigned MAC (optional)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_SENDMAIL_IPADDR - Target IP address (required)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_SENDMAIL_DRIPADDR - Default router IP addess (required)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_SENDMAILT_NETMASK - Network mask (required)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_SENDMAIL_RECIPIENT - The recipient of the email (required)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_SENDMAIL_SENDER - Optional. Default: "nuttx-testing@example.com"
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_SENDMAIL_SUBJECT - Optional. Default: "Testing SMTP from NuttX"
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_SENDMAIL_BODY - Optional. Default: "Test message sent by NuttX"
NOTE: This test has not been verified on the NuttX target environment.
As of this writing, unit-tested in the Cygwin/Linux host environment.
NOTE 2: This sendmail example only works for the simplest of
environments. Virus protection software on your host may have
to be disabled to allow you to send messages. Only very open,
unprotected recipients can be used. Most will protect themselves
from this test email because it looks like SPAM.
Applications using this example will need to provide an appconfig
file in the configuration driver with instruction to build applications
like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
CONFIGURED_APPS += smtp
examples/serloop
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is a mindlessly simple loopback test on the console. Useful
for testing new serial drivers. Configuration options include:
* CONFIG_EXAMPLES_SERLOOP_BUFIO
Use C buffered I/O (getchar/putchar) vs. raw console I/O
(read/read).
examples/thttpd
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
An example that builds netutils/thttpd with some simple NXFLAT
CGI programs. see configs/README.txt for most THTTPD settings.
In addition to those, this example accepts:
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_THTTPD_NOMAC - (May be defined to use software assigned MAC)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_THTTPD_DRIPADDR - Default router IP addess
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_THTTPD_NETMASK - Network mask
Applications using this example will need to provide an appconfig
file in the configuration driver with instruction to build applications
like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
CONFIGURED_APPS += thttpd
examples/udp
^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is a simple network test for verifying client- and server-
functionality over UDP.
Applications using this example will need to provide an appconfig
file in the configuration driver with instruction to build applications
like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
examples/uip
^^^^^^^^^^^^
This is a port of uIP tiny webserver example application. Settings
specific to this example include:
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_UIP_NOMAC - (May be defined to use software assigned MAC)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_UIP_IPADDR - Target IP address
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_UIP_DRIPADDR - Default router IP addess
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_UIP_NETMASK - Network mask
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_UIP_DHCPC - Select to get IP address via DHCP
If you use DHCPC, then some special configuration network options are
required. These include:
CONFIG_NET=y - Of course
CONFIG_NSOCKET_DESCRIPTORS - And, of course, you must allocate some
socket descriptors.
CONFIG_NET_UDP=y - UDP support is required for DHCP
(as well as various other UDP-related
configuration settings).
CONFIG_NET_BROADCAST=y - UDP broadcast support is needed.
CONFIG_NET_BUFSIZE=650 - Per RFC2131 (p. 9), the DHCP client must be
(or larger) prepared to receive DHCP messages of up to
576 bytes (excluding Ethernet, IP, or UDP
headers and FCS).
Other configuration items apply also to the selected webserver net utility.
Additional relevant settings for the uIP webserver net utility are:
CONFIG_NETUTILS_HTTPDSTACKSIZE
CONFIG_NETUTILS_HTTPDFILESTATS
CONFIG_NETUTILS_HTTPDNETSTATS
Applications using this example will need to provide an appconfig
file in the configuration driver with instruction to build applications
like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
CONFIGURED_APPS += dhcpc
CONFIGURED_APPS += resolv
CONFIGURED_APPS += webserver
examples/usbserial
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TARGET CONFIGURATION:
This is another implementation of "Hello, World" but this one uses
a USB serial driver. Configuration options can be used to simply
the test. These options include:
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSERIAL_INONLY
Only verify IN (device-to-host) data transfers. Default: both
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSERIAL_OUTONLY
Only verify OUT (host-to-device) data transfers. Default: both
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSERIAL_ONLYSMALL
Send only small, single packet messages. Default: Send large and small.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSERIAL_ONLYBIG
Send only large, multi-packet messages. Default: Send large and small.
If CONFIG_USBDEV_TRACE is enabled (or CONFIG_DEBUG and CONFIG_DEBUG_USB), then
the example code will also manage the USB trace output. The amount of trace output
can be controlled using:
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSERIAL_TRACEINIT
Show initialization events
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSERIAL_TRACECLASS
Show class driver events
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSERIAL_TRACETRANSFERS
Show data transfer events
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSERIAL_TRACECONTROLLER
Show controller events
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSERIAL_TRACEINTERRUPTS
Show interrupt-related events.
Error results are always shown in the trace output
HOST-SIDE TEST PROGRAM
In additional to the target device-side example, there is also a
host-side application in this directory. This host side application
must be executed on a Linux host in order to perform the USBSERIAL
test. The host application can be compiled under Linux (or Cygwin?)
as follows:
cd examples/usbserial
make -f Makefile.host TOPDIR=<nuttx-directory>
RUNNING THE TEST
This will generate a small program called 'host'. Usage:
1. Build the examples/usbserial target program and start the target.
2. Wait a bit, then do enter:
dmesg
At the end of the dmesg output, you should see the serial
device was successfully idenfied and assigned to a tty device,
probably /dev/ttyUSB0.
3. Then start the host application:
./host [<tty-dev>]
Where:
<tty-dev> is the USB TTY device to use. The default is /dev/ttyUSB0.
The host and target will exchange are variety of very small and very large
serial messages.
examples/usbstorage
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This example registers a block device driver, then exports the block
the device using the USB storage class driver. In order to use this
example, your board-specific logic must provide the function:
void usbstrg_archinitialize(void);
This function will be called by the example/usbstorage in order to
do the actual registration of the block device drivers. For examples
of the implementation of usbstrg_archinitialize() see
configs/mcu123-lpc124x/src/up_usbstrg.c or
configs/stm3210e-eval/src/usbstrg.c
Configuration options:
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_NLUNS
Defines the number of logical units (LUNs) exported by the USB storage
driver. Each LUN corresponds to one exported block driver (or partition
of a block driver). May be 1, 2, or 3. Default is 1.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_DEVMINOR1
The minor device number of the block driver for the first LUN. For
example, N in /dev/mmcsdN. Used for registering the block driver. Default
is zero.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_DEVPATH1
The full path to the registered block driver. Default is "/dev/mmcsd0"
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_DEVMINOR2 and CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_DEVPATH2
Similar parameters that would have to be provided if CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_NLUNS
is 2 or 3. No defaults.
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_DEVMINOR3 and CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_DEVPATH3
Similar parameters that would have to be provided if CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_NLUNS
is 3. No defaults.
If CONFIG_USBDEV_TRACE is enabled (or CONFIG_DEBUG and CONFIG_DEBUG_USB), then
the example code will also manage the USB trace output. The amount of trace output
can be controlled using:
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_TRACEINIT
Show initialization events
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_TRACECLASS
Show class driver events
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_TRACETRANSFERS
Show data transfer events
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_TRACECONTROLLER
Show controller events
CONFIG_EXAMPLES_USBSTRG_TRACEINTERRUPTS
Show interrupt-related events.
Error results are always shown in the trace output
examples/wget
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A simple web client example. It will obtain a file from a server using the HTTP
protocol. Settings unique to this example include:
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WGET_URL - The URL of the file to get
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WGET_NOMAC - (May be defined to use software assigned MAC)
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WGET_IPADDR - Target IP address
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WGET_DRIPADDR - Default router IP addess
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WGET_NETMASK - Network mask
This example uses netutils/webclient. Additional configuration settings apply
to that code as follows (but built-in defaults are probably OK):
CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_GETMIMETYPE, CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAXHTTPLINE,
CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAXMIMESIZE, CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAXHOSTNAME,
CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAXFILENAME
Of course, the example also requires other settings including CONFIG_NET and
CONFIG_NET_TCP. The example also uses the uIP resolver which requires CONFIG_UDP.
WARNNG: As of this writing, wget is untested on the target platform. At present
it has been tested only in the host-based configuration described in the following
note. The primary difference is that the target version will rely on the also
untested uIP name resolver.
NOTE: For test purposes, this example can be built as a host-based wget function.
This can be built as follows:
cd examples/wget
make -f Makefile.host
Applications using this example will need to provide an appconfig
file in the configuration driver with instruction to build applications
like:
CONFIGURED_APPS += uiplib
CONFIGURED_APPS += resolv
CONFIGURED_APPS += webclient
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