wireshark/FAQ.include

const char *faq_part[] = {
"\n"
"   The Ethereal FAQ\n"
"\n"
"   Note: This is just an ASCII snapshot of the faq and may not be up to\n"
"         date. Please go to http://www.ethereal.com/faq for the up to\n"
"         date version. The version of this snapshot can be found at the\n"
"         end of this document.\n"
"\n"
"   INDEX\n"
"\n"
"   General Questions:\n"
"\n"
"   1.1 Where can I get help?\n"
"\n"
"   1.2 What protocols are currently supported?\n"
"\n"
"   1.3 Are there any plans to support {your favorite protocol}?\n"
"\n"
"   1.4 Can Ethereal read capture files from {your favorite network\n"
"   analyzer}?\n"
"\n"
"   1.5 What devices can Ethereal use to capture packets?\n"
"\n"
"   1.6 How do you pronounce Ethereal? Where did the name come from?\n"
"\n"
"   Downloading Ethereal:\n"
"\n"
"   2.1 I downloaded the Win32 installer, but when I try to run it, I get\n"
"   an error.\n"
"\n"
"   2.2 When I try to download the WinPcap driver and library, I can't get\n"
"   to the WinPcap Web site.\n"
"\n"
"   Installing Ethereal:\n"
"\n"
"   3.1 I installed an Ethereal RPM, but Ethereal doesn't seem to be\n"
"   installed; only Tethereal is installed.\n"
"\n"
"   Building Ethereal:\n"
"\n"
"   4.1 The configure script can't find pcap.h or bpf.h, but I have\n"
"   libpcap installed.\n"
"\n"
"   4.2 Why do I get the error \n"
"\n"
"     dftest_DEPENDENCIES was already defined in condition TRUE, which\n"
"     implies condition HAVE_PLUGINS_TRUE\n"
"\n"
"   when I try to build Ethereal from CVS or a CVS snapshot?\n"
"\n"
"   4.3 The link fails with a number of \"Output line too long.\" messages\n"
"   followed by linker errors. \n"
"\n"
"   4.4 The link fails on Solaris because plugin_list is undefined. \n"
"\n"
"   4.5 The build fails on Windows because of conflicts between winsock.h\n"
"   and winsock2.h. \n"
"\n"
"   Using Ethereal:\n"
"\n"
"   5.1 When I use Ethereal to capture packets, I see only packets to and\n"
"   from my machine, or I'm not seeing all the traffic I'm expecting to\n"
"   see from or to the machine I'm trying to monitor.\n"
"\n"
"   5.2 I can't see any TCP packets other than packets to and from my\n"
"   machine, even though another analyzer on the network sees those\n"
"   packets.\n"
"\n"
"   5.3 I'm only seeing ARP packets when I try to capture traffic.\n"
"\n"
"   5.4 How do I put an interface into promiscuous mode?\n"
"\n"
"   5.5 I can set a display filter just fine, but capture filters don't\n"
"   work.\n"
"\n"
"   5.6 I'm entering valid capture filters, but I still get \"parse error\"\n"
"   errors.\n"
"\n"
"   5.7 I saved a filter and tried to use its name to filter the display,\n"
"   but I got an \"Unexpected end of filter string\" error.\n"
"\n"
"   5.8 Why am I seeing lots of packets with incorrect TCP checksums?\n"
"\n"
"   5.9 I've just installed Ethereal, and the traffic on my local LAN is\n"
"   boring.\n"
"\n"
"   5.10 When I run Ethereal on Solaris 8, it dies with a Bus Error when I\n"
"   start it.\n"
"\n"
"   5.11 When I run Ethereal on Windows NT, it dies with a Dr. Watson\n"
"   error, reporting an \"Integer division by zero\" exception, when I start\n"
"   it.\n"
"\n"
"   5.12 When I try to run Ethereal, it complains about\n"
"   sprint_realloc_objid being undefined.\n"
"\n"
"   5.13 I'm running Ethereal on Linux; why do my time stamps have only\n"
"   100ms resolution, rather than 1us resolution?\n"
"\n"
"   5.14 I'm capturing packets on {Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me};\n"
"   why are the time stamps on packets wrong? \n"
"\n"
"   5.15 When I try to run Ethereal on Windows, it fails to run because it\n"
"   can't find packet.dll.\n"
"\n"
"   5.16 I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why does some network interface\n"
"   on my machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the\n"
"   \"Interface:\" field in the dialog box popped up by \"Capture->Start\",\n"
"   and/or why does Ethereal give me an error if I try to capture on that\n"
"   interface? \n"
"\n"
"   5.17 I'm running on a UNIX-flavored OS; why does some network\n"
"   interface on my machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the\n"
"   \"Interface:\" field in the dialog box popped up by \"Capture->Start\",\n"
"   and/or why does Ethereal give me an error if I try to capture on that\n"
"   interface? \n"
"\n"
"   5.18 I'm running Ethereal on Windows NT/2000/XP/Server; my machine has\n"
"   a PPP (dial-up POTS, ISDN, etc.) interface, and it shows up in the\n"
"   \"Interface\" item in the \"Capture Options\" dialog box. Why can no\n"
"   packets be sent on or received from that network while I'm trying to\n"
"   capture traffic on that interface?\n"
"\n"
"   5.19 I'm running Ethereal on Windows 95/98/Me, on a machine with more\n"
"   than one network adapter of the same type; Ethereal shows all of those\n"
"   adapters with the same name, but I can't use any of those adapters\n"
"   other than the first one.\n"
"\n"
"   5.20 I'm running Ethereal on Windows, and I'm not seeing any traffic\n"
"   being sent by the machine running Ethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   5.21 I'm trying to capture traffic but I'm not seeing any.\n"
"\n"
"   5.22 I have an XXX network card on my machine; if I try to capture on\n"
"   it, my machine crashes or resets itself. \n"
"\n"
"   5.23 My machine crashes or resets itself when I select \"Start\" from\n"
"   the \"Capture\" menu or select \"Preferences\" from the \"Edit\" menu. \n"
"\n"
"   5.24 Does Ethereal work on Windows ME? \n"
"\n"
"   5.25 Does Ethereal work on Windows XP? \n"
"\n"
"   5.26 Why doesn't Ethereal correctly identify RTP packets? It shows\n"
"   them only as UDP.\n"
"\n"
"   5.27 Why doesn't Ethereal show Yahoo Messenger packets in captures\n"
"   that contain Yahoo Messenger traffic?\n"
"\n"
"   5.28 Why do I get the error \n"
"\n"
"     Gdk-ERROR **: Palettized display (256-colour) mode not supported on\n"
"     Windows.\n"
"     aborting....\n"
"\n"
"   when I try to run Ethereal on Windows?\n"
"\n"
"   5.29 When I capture on Windows in promiscuous mode, I can see packets\n"
"   other than those sent to or from my machine; however, those packets\n"
"   show up with a \"Short Frame\" indication, unlike packets to or from my\n"
"   machine. What should I do to arrange that I see those packets in their\n"
"   entirety? \n"
"\n"
"   5.30 How can I capture raw 802.11 packets, including non-data\n"
"   (management, beacon) packets? \n"
"\n"
"   5.31 How can I capture packets with CRC errors? \n"
"\n"
"   5.32 How can I capture entire frames, including the FCS? \n"
"\n"
"   5.33 Ethereal hangs after I stop a capture. \n"
"\n"
"   5.34 How can I search for, or filter, packets that have a particular\n"
"   string anywhere in them? \n"
"\n"
"   GENERAL QUESTIONS \n"
"   Q 1.1: Where can I get help?\n"
"\n"
"   A: Support is available on the ethereal-users mailing list.\n"
"   Subscription information and archives for all of Ethereal's mailing\n"
"   lists can be found at http://www.ethereal.com/lists\n"
"\n"
"   Q 1.2: What protocols are currently supported?\n"
"\n"
"   A: There are currently 385 supported protocols and media, listed\n"
"   below. Descriptions can be found in the ethereal(1) man page.\n"
"\n"
"            802.1q Virtual LAN\n"
"            802.1x Authentication\n"
"            AFS (4.0) Replication Server call declarations\n"
"            AOL Instant Messenger\n"
"            ARCNET\n"
"            ATM\n"
"            ATM AAL1\n"
"            ATM AAL3/4\n"
"            ATM LAN Emulation\n"
"            ATM OAM AAL\n"
"            AVS WLAN Capture header\n"
"            Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol\n"
"            Address Resolution Protocol\n"
"            Aggregate Server Access Protocol\n"
"            Alert Standard Forum\n"
"            Andrew File System (AFS)\n"
"            Apache JServ Protocol v1.3\n"
"            AppleTalk Filing Protocol\n"
"            AppleTalk Session Protocol\n"
"            AppleTalk Transaction Protocol packet\n"
"            Appletalk Address Resolution Protocol\n"
"            Application Configuration Access Protocol\n"
"            Async data over ISDN (V.120)\n"
"            Authentication Header\n"
"            BACnet Virtual Link Control\n"
"            Banyan Vines ARP\n"
"            Banyan Vines Echo\n"
"            Banyan Vines Fragmentation Protocol\n"
"            Banyan Vines ICP\n"
"            Banyan Vines IP\n"
"            Banyan Vines IPC\n"
"            Banyan Vines LLC\n"
"            Banyan Vines RTP\n"
"            Banyan Vines SPP\n"
"            Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol\n"
"            Boardwalk\n"
"            Boot Parameters\n"
"            Bootstrap Protocol\n"
"            Border Gateway Protocol\n"
"            Building Automation and Control Network APDU\n"
"            Building Automation and Control Network NPDU\n"
"            CDS Clerk Server Calls\n"
"            Check Point High Availability Protocol\n"
"            Checkpoint FW-1\n"
"            Cisco Auto-RP\n"
"            Cisco Discovery Protocol\n"
"            Cisco Group Management Protocol\n"
"            Cisco HDLC\n"
"            Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol\n"
"            Cisco ISL\n"
"            Cisco Interior Gateway Routing Protocol\n"
"            Cisco NetFlow\n"
"            Cisco SLARP\n"
"            Clearcase NFS\n"
"            CoSine IPNOS L2 debug output\n"
"            Common Open Policy Service\n"
"            Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) Browsing Protocol\n"
"            DCE DFS Calls\n"
"            DCE Distributed Time Service Local Server\n"
"            DCE Distributed Time Service Provider\n"
"            DCE Name Service\n"
"            DCE RPC\n"
"            DCE Security ID Mapper\n"
"            DCE/RPC BOS Server\n"
"            DCE/RPC CDS Solicitation\n"
"            DCE/RPC Conversation Manager\n"
"            DCE/RPC Endpoint Mapper\n"
"            DCE/RPC FLDB\n"
"            DCE/RPC FLDB UBIK TRANSFER\n"
"            DCE/RPC FLDB UBIKVOTE\n"
"            DCE/RPC Kerberos V\n"
"            DCE/RPC RS_ACCT\n"
"            DCE/RPC RS_MISC\n"
"            DCE/RPC RS_UNIX\n"
"            DCE/RPC Remote Management\n"
"            DCE/RPC Repserver Calls\n"
"            DCE/RPC TokenServer Calls\n"
"            DCE/RPC UpServer\n"
"            DCOM OXID Resolver\n"
"            DCOM Remote Activation\n"
"            DEC Spanning Tree Protocol\n"
"            DHCPv6\n"
"            DNS Control Program Server\n"
"            Data\n"
"            Data Link SWitching\n"
"            Data Stream Interface\n"
"            Datagram Delivery Protocol\n"
"            Diameter Protocol\n"
"            Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol\n"
"            Distcc Distributed Compiler\n"
"            Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse Prototocl\n"
"            Domain Name Service\n"
"            Dynamic DNS Tools Protocol\n"
"            Encapsulating Security Payload\n"
"            Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol\n"
"            EtherNet/IP (Industrial Protocol)\n"
"            Ethernet\n"
"            Ethernet over IP\n"
"            Extensible Authentication Protocol\n"
"            FC Extended Link Svc\n"
"            FC Fabric Configuration Server\n"
"            FCIP\n"
"            FTP Data\n"
"            FTServer Operations\n"
"            Fiber Distributed Data Interface\n"
"            Fibre Channel\n"
"            Fibre Channel Common Transport\n"
"            Fibre Channel Fabric Zone Server\n"
"            Fibre Channel Name Server\n"
"            Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI\n"
"            Fibre Channel SW_ILS\n"
"            File Transfer Protocol (FTP)\n"
"            Financial Information eXchange Protocol\n"
"            Frame\n"
"            Frame Relay\n"
"            GARP Multicast Registration Protocol\n"
"            GARP VLAN Registration Protocol\n"
"            GPRS Tunneling Protocol\n"
"            GPRS Tunnelling Protocol v0\n"
"            GPRS Tunnelling Protocol v1\n"
"            General Inter-ORB Protocol\n"
"            Generic Routing Encapsulation\n"
"            Generic Security Service Application Program Interface\n"
"            Gnutella Protocol\n"
"            HP Extended Local-Link Control\n"
"            HP Remote Maintenance Protocol\n"
"            Hummingbird NFS Daemon\n"
"            HyperSCSI\n"
"            Hypertext Transfer Protocol\n"
"            ICQ Protocol\n"
"            IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN\n"
"            IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN management frame\n"
"            ILMI\n"
"            IP Over FC\n"
"            IP Payload Compression\n"
"            IPX Message\n"
"            IPX Routing Information Protocol\n"
"            IPX WAN\n"
"            ISDN\n"
"            ISDN Q.921-User Adaptation Layer\n"
"            ISDN User Part\n"
"            ISO 10589 ISIS InTRA Domain Routeing Information Exchange Protocol\n"
"            ISO 8073 COTP Connection-Oriented Transport Protocol\n"
"            ISO 8473 CLNP ConnectionLess Network Protocol\n"
"            ISO 8602 CLTP ConnectionLess Transport Protocol\n"
"            ISO 9542 ESIS Routeing Information Exchange Protocol\n"
"            ITU-T Recommendation H.261\n"
"            Intel ANS probe\n"
"            Intelligent Platform Management Interface\n"
"            Inter-Access-Point Protocol\n"
"            Interbase\n"
"            Internet Cache Protocol\n"
"            Internet Content Adaptation Protocol\n"
"            Internet Control Message Protocol\n"
"            Internet Control Message Protocol v6\n"
"            Internet Group Management Protocol\n"
"            Internet Message Access Protocol\n"
"            Internet Printing Protocol\n"
"            Internet Protocol\n"
"            Internet Protocol Version 6\n"
"            Internet Relay Chat\n"
"            Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol\n"
"            Internetwork Packet eXchange\n"
"            Java RMI\n"
"            Java Serialization\n"
"            Kerberos\n"
"            Kerberos Administration\n"
"            Kernel Lock Manager\n"
"            Label Distribution Protocol\n"
"            Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol\n"
"            Lightweight Directory Access Protocol\n"
"            Line Printer Daemon Protocol\n"
"            Link Access Procedure Balanced (LAPB)\n"
"            Link Access Procedure Balanced Ethernet (LAPBETHER)\n"
"            Link Access Procedure, Channel D (LAPD)\n"
"            Link Aggregation Control Protocol\n"
"            Link Management Protocol (LMP)\n"
"            Linux cooked-mode capture\n"
"            Local Management Interface\n"
"            LocalTalk Link Access Protocol\n"
"            Logical-Link Control\n"
"            Lucent/Ascend debug output\n"
"            MDS Header\n"
"            MMS Message Encapsulation\n"
"            MS Proxy Protocol\n"
"            MSN Messenger Service\n"
"            MSNIP: Multicast Source Notification of Interest Protocol\n"
"            MTP 2 Transparent Proxy\n"
"            MTP 2 User Adaptation Layer\n"
"            MTP 3 User Adaptation Layer\n"
"            MTP2 Peer Adaptation Layer\n"
"            Message Transfer Part Level 2\n"
"            Message Transfer Part Level 3\n"
"            Message Transfer Part Level 3 Management\n"
"            Microsoft Distributed File System\n"
"            Microsoft Exchange MAPI\n"
"            Microsoft Local Security Architecture\n"
"            Microsoft Local Security Architecture (Directory Services)\n"
"            Microsoft Network Logon\n"
"            Microsoft Registry\n"
"            Microsoft Security Account Manager\n"
"            Microsoft Server Service\n"
"            Microsoft Service Control\n"
"            Microsoft Spool Subsystem\n"
"            Microsoft Task Scheduler Service\n"
"            Microsoft Telephony API Service\n"
"            Microsoft Windows Browser Protocol\n"
"            Microsoft Windows Lanman Remote API Protocol\n"
"            Microsoft Windows Logon Protocol\n"
"            Microsoft Workstation Service\n"
"            Mobile IP\n"
"            Mobile IPv6\n"
"            Modbus/TCP\n"
,

"            Mount Service\n"
"            MultiProtocol Label Switching Header\n"
"            Multicast Router DISCovery protocol\n"
"            Multicast Source Discovery Protocol\n"
"            MySQL Protocol\n"
"            NFSACL\n"
"            NFSAUTH\n"
"            NIS+\n"
"            NIS+ Callback\n"
"            NSPI\n"
"            NTLM Secure Service Provider\n"
"            Name Binding Protocol\n"
"            Name Management Protocol over IPX\n"
"            NetBIOS\n"
"            NetBIOS Datagram Service\n"
"            NetBIOS Name Service\n"
"            NetBIOS Session Service\n"
"            NetBIOS over IPX\n"
"            NetWare Core Protocol\n"
"            NetWare Link Services Protocol\n"
"            Network Data Management Protocol\n"
"            Network File System\n"
"            Network Lock Manager Protocol\n"
"            Network News Transfer Protocol\n"
"            Network Status Monitor CallBack Protocol\n"
"            Network Status Monitor Protocol\n"
"            Network Time Protocol\n"
"            Novell Distributed Print System\n"
"            Null/Loopback\n"
"            Open Shortest Path First\n"
"            OpenBSD Encapsulating device\n"
"            OpenBSD Packet Filter log file\n"
"            OpenBSD Packet Filter log file, pre 3.4\n"
"            PC NFS\n"
"            PPP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol\n"
"            PPP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol\n"
"            PPP CDP Control Protocol\n"
"            PPP Callback Control Protocol\n"
"            PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol\n"
"            PPP Compressed Datagram\n"
"            PPP Compression Control Protocol\n"
"            PPP IP Control Protocol\n"
"            PPP IPv6 Control Protocol\n"
"            PPP Link Control Protocol\n"
"            PPP MPLS Control Protocol\n"
"            PPP Multilink Protocol\n"
"            PPP Multiplexing\n"
"            PPP Password Authentication Protocol\n"
"            PPP VJ Compression\n"
"            PPP-over-Ethernet Discovery\n"
"            PPP-over-Ethernet Session\n"
"            PPPMux Control Protocol\n"
"            Point-to-Point Protocol\n"
"            Point-to-Point Tunnelling Protocol\n"
"            Portmap\n"
"            Post Office Protocol\n"
"            Pragmatic General Multicast\n"
"            Prism\n"
"            Privilege Server operations\n"
"            Protocol Independent Multicast\n"
"            Q.2931\n"
"            Q.931\n"
"            Quake II Network Protocol\n"
"            Quake III Arena Network Protocol\n"
"            Quake Network Protocol\n"
"            QuakeWorld Network Protocol\n"
"            Qualified Logical Link Control\n"
"            RFC 2250 MPEG1\n"
"            RIPng\n"
"            RPC Browser\n"
"            RSTAT\n"
"            RSYNC File Synchroniser\n"
"            RX Protocol\n"
"            Radio Access Network Application Part\n"
"            Radius Protocol\n"
"            Raw packet data\n"
"            Real Time Streaming Protocol\n"
"            Real-Time Transport Protocol\n"
"            Real-time Transport Control Protocol\n"
"            Registry Server Attributes Manipulation Interface\n"
"            Registry server administration operations.\n"
"            Remote Management Control Protocol\n"
"            Remote Override interface\n"
"            Remote Procedure Call\n"
"            Remote Program Load\n"
"            Remote Quota\n"
"            Remote Shell\n"
"            Remote Wall protocol\n"
"            Remote sec_login preauth interface.\n"
"            Resource ReserVation Protocol (RSVP)\n"
"            Rlogin Protocol\n"
"            Routing Information Protocol\n"
"            Routing Table Maintenance Protocol\n"
"            SADMIND\n"
"            SCSI\n"
"            SGI Mount Service\n"
"            SMB (Server Message Block Protocol)\n"
"            SMB MailSlot Protocol\n"
"            SMB Pipe Protocol\n"
"            SNA-over-Ethernet\n"
"            SNMP Multiplex Protocol\n"
"            SPNEGO-KRB5\n"
"            SPRAY\n"
"            SS7 SCCP-User Adaptation Layer\n"
"            SSCOP\n"
"            SSH Protocol\n"
"            Secure Socket Layer\n"
"            Sequenced Packet eXchange\n"
"            Service Advertisement Protocol\n"
"            Service Location Protocol\n"
"            Session Announcement Protocol\n"
"            Session Description Protocol\n"
"            Session Initiation Protocol\n"
"            Short Message Peer to Peer\n"
"            Signalling Connection Control Part\n"
"            Signalling Connection Control Part Management\n"
"            Simple Mail Transfer Protocol\n"
"            Simple Network Management Protocol\n"
"            Sinec H1 Protocol\n"
"            Skinny Client Control Protocol\n"
"            SliMP3 Communication Protocol\n"
"            Socks Protocol\n"
"            Spanning Tree Protocol\n"
"            Spnego\n"
"            Stream Control Transmission Protocol\n"
"            Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)\n"
"            Syslog message\n"
"            Systems Network Architecture\n"
"            Systems Network Architecture XID\n"
"            TACACS\n"
"            TACACS+\n"
"            TPKT\n"
"            Tabular Data Stream\n"
"            Tazmen Sniffer Protocol\n"
"            Telnet\n"
"            Time Protocol\n"
"            Time Synchronization Protocol\n"
"            Token-Ring\n"
"            Token-Ring Media Access Control\n"
"            Transmission Control Protocol\n"
"            Transparent Network Substrate Protocol\n"
"            Trivial File Transfer Protocol\n"
"            Universal Computer Protocol\n"
"            User Datagram Protocol\n"
"            Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol\n"
"            Virtual Trunking Protocol\n"
"            WAP Binary XML\n"
"            Web Cache Coordination Protocol\n"
"            Wellfleet Breath of Life\n"
"            Wellfleet Compression\n"
"            Wellfleet HDLC\n"
"            Who\n"
"            Windows 2000 DNS\n"
"            Wireless Session Protocol\n"
"            Wireless Transaction Protocol\n"
"            Wireless Transport Layer Security\n"
"            X Display Manager Control Protocol\n"
"            X.25\n"
"            X.25 over TCP\n"
"            X.29\n"
"            X11\n"
"            Xyplex\n"
"            Yahoo Messenger Protocol\n"
"            Yahoo YMSG Messenger Protocol\n"
"            Yellow Pages Bind\n"
"            Yellow Pages Passwd\n"
"            Yellow Pages Service\n"
"            Yellow Pages Transfer\n"
"            Zebra Protocol\n"
"            Zone Information Protocol\n"
"            iSCSI\n"
"            iSNS\n"
"\n"
"   Q 1.3: Are there any plans to support {your favorite protocol}?\n"
"\n"
"   A: Support for particular protocols is added to Ethereal as a result\n"
"   of people contributing that support; no formal plans for adding\n"
"   support for particular protocols in particular future releases exist.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 1.4: Can Ethereal read capture files from {your favorite network\n"
"   analyzer}?\n"
"\n"
"   A: Support for particular protocols is added to Ethereal as a result\n"
"   of people contributing that support; no formal plans for adding\n"
"   support for particular protocols in particular future releases exist.\n"
"\n"
"   If a network analyzer writes out files in a format already supported\n"
"   by Ethereal (e.g., in libpcap format), Ethereal may already be able to\n"
"   read them, unless the analyzer has added its own proprietary\n"
"   extensions to that format.\n"
"\n"
"   If a network analyzer writes out files in its own format, or has added\n"
"   proprietary extensions to another format, in order to make Ethereal\n"
"   read captures from that network analyzer, we would either have to have\n"
"   a specification for the file format, or the extensions, sufficient to\n"
"   give us enough information to read the parts of the file relevant to\n"
"   Ethereal, or would need at least one capture file in that format AND a\n"
"   detailed textual analysis of the packets in that capture file (showing\n"
"   packet time stamps, packet lengths, and the top-level packet header)\n"
"   in order to reverse-engineer the file format.\n"
"\n"
"   Note that there is no guarantee that we will be able to\n"
"   reverse-engineer a capture file format.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 1.5: What devices can Ethereal use to capture packets?\n"
"\n"
"   A: Ethereal can read live data from Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, serial\n"
"   (PPP and SLIP) (if the OS on which it's running allows Ethereal to do\n"
"   so), 802.11 wireless LAN (if the OS on which it's running allows\n"
"   Ethereal to do so), ATM connections (if the OS on which it's running\n"
"   allows Ethereal to do so), and the \"any\" device supported on Linux by\n"
"   recent versions of libpcap. See the list of supported capture media on\n"
"   various OSes for details (several items in there say \"Unknown\", which\n"
"   doesn't mean \"Ethereal can't capture on them\", it means \"we don't know\n"
"   whether it can capture on them\"; we expect that it will be able to\n"
"   capture on many of them, but we haven't tried it ourselves - if you\n"
"   try one of those types and it works, please send an update to\n"
"   ethereal-web[AT]ethereal.com).\n"
"\n"
"   It can also read a variety of capture file formats, including:\n"
"     * libpcap/tcpdump\n"
"     * Sun snoop/atmsnoop\n"
"     * Shomiti/Finisar Surveyor\n"
"     * LanAlyzer\n"
"     * DOS-based Sniffer (compressed and uncompressed)\n"
"     * MS Network Monitor\n"
"     * AIX iptrace\n"
"     * NetXray and Windows-based Sniffer\n"
"     * EtherPeek/TokenPeek/AiroPeek\n"
"     * RADCOM WAN/LAN analyzer\n"
"     * Lucent/Ascend debug output\n"
"     * Toshiba ISDN router \"snoop\" output\n"
"     * HPUX nettl\n"
"     * ISDN4BSD \"i4btrace\" utility.\n"
"     * Cisco Secure IDS\n"
"     * pppd log files (pppdump format)\n"
"     * VMS TCPIPtrace\n"
"     * DBS Etherwatch\n"
"     * Visual Networks' Visual UpTime\n"
"     * CoSine L2 debug\n"
"\n"
"   so that it can read traces from various network types, as captured by\n"
"   other applications or equipment, even if it cannot itself capture on\n"
"   those network types.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 1.6: How do you pronounce Ethereal? Where did the name come from?\n"
"\n"
"   A: The English pronunciation can be found in Merriam-Webster's online\n"
"   dictionary at\n"
"   http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=ethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   According to the book \"Computer Networks\" by Andrew Tannenbaum,\n"
"   Ethernet was named after the \"luminiferous ether\" which was once\n"
"   thought to carry electromagnetic radiation. Taking that into\n"
"   consideration, Ethereal seemed like an appropriate name for an\n"
"   Ethernet analyzer.\n"
"\n"
"   DOWNLOADING ETHEREAL \n"
"   Q 2.1: I downloaded the Win32 installer, but when I try to run it, I\n"
"   get an error.\n"
"\n"
"   A: The program you used to download it may have downloaded it\n"
"   incorrectly. Web browsers sometimes may do this.\n"
"\n"
"   Try downloading it with, for example:\n"
"     * Wget, for which Windows binaries are available on the SunSITE FTP\n"
"       server at sunsite.tk or Heiko Herold's windows wget spot - wGetGUI\n"
"       offers a GUI interface that uses wget;\n"
"     * WS_FTP from Ipswitch,\n"
"     * the ftp command that comes with Windows.\n"
"\n"
"   If you use the ftp command, make sure you do the transfer in binary\n"
"   mode rather than ASCII mode, by using the binary command before\n"
"   transferring the file.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 2.2: When I try to download the WinPcap driver and library, I can't\n"
"   get to the WinPcap Web site.\n"
"\n"
"   A: As is the case with all Web sites, that site won't necessarily\n"
"   always be accessible; the server may be down due to a problem or down\n"
"   for maintenance, or there may be a networking problem between you and\n"
"   the server. You should try again later, or try the local mirror or the\n"
"   Wiretapped.net mirror.\n"
"\n"
"   INSTALLING ETHEREAL \n"
"   Q 3.1: I installed an Ethereal RPM, but Ethereal doesn't seem to be\n"
"   installed; only Tethereal is installed.\n"
"\n"
"   A: Red Hat RPMs for Ethereal put only the non-GUI components into the\n"
"   ethereal RPM, the fact that Ethereal is a GUI program nonwithstanding;\n"
"   there's a separate ethereal-gnome RPM that includes GUI components\n"
"   such as Ethereal itself, the fact that Ethereal doesn't use GNOME\n"
"   nonwithstanding. Find the ethereal-gnome RPM, and install that also.\n"
"\n"
"   BUILDING ETHEREAL \n"
"   Q 4.1: The configure script can't find pcap.h or bpf.h, but I have\n"
"   libpcap installed.\n"
"\n"
"   A: Are you sure pcap.h and bpf.h are installed? The official\n"
"   distribution of libpcap only installs the libpcap.a library file when\n"
"   \"make install\" is run. To install pcap.h and bpf.h, you must run \"make\n"
"   install-incl\". If you're running Debian or Redhat, make sure you have\n"
"   the \"libpcap-dev\" or \"libpcap-devel\" packages installed.\n"
"\n"
"   It's also possible that pcap.h and bpf.h have been installed in a\n"
"   strange location. If this is the case, you may have to tweak\n"
"   aclocal.m4.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 4.2: Why do I get the error \n"
"\n"
"     dftest_DEPENDENCIES was already defined in condition TRUE, which\n"
"     implies condition HAVE_PLUGINS_TRUE\n"
"\n"
"   when I try to build Ethereal from CVS or a CVS snapshot?\n"
"\n"
"   A: You probably have automake 1.5 installed on your machine (the\n"
"   command automake --version will report the version of automake on your\n"
"   machine). There is a bug in that version of automake that causes this\n"
"   problem; upgrade to a later version of automake (1.6 or later).\n"
"\n"
"   Q 4.3: The link fails with a number of \"Output line too long.\"\n"
"   messages followed by linker errors. \n"
"\n"
"   A: The version of the sed command on your system is incapable of\n"
"   handling very long lines. On Solaris, for example, /usr/bin/sed has a\n"
"   line length limit too low to allow libtool to work; /usr/xpg4/bin/sed\n"
"   can handle it, as can GNU sed if you have it installed.\n"
"\n"
"   On Solaris, changing your command search path to search /usr/xpg4/bin\n"
"   before /usr/bin should make the problem go away; on any platform on\n"
"   which you have this problem, installing GNU sed and changing your\n"
"   command path to search the directory in which it is installed before\n"
"   searching the directory with the version of sed that came with the OS\n"
"   should make the problem go away.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 4.4: The link fails on Solaris because plugin_list is undefined. \n"
"\n"
"   A: This appears to be due to a problem with some versions of the GTK+\n"
"   and GLib packages from www.sunfreeware.org; un-install those packages,\n"
"   and try getting the 1.2.10 versions from that site, or the versions\n"
"   from The Written Word, or the versions from Sun's GNOME distribution,\n"
"   or the versions from the supplemental software CD that comes with the\n"
"   Solaris media kit, or build them from source from the GTK Web site.\n"
"   Then re-run the configuration script, and try rebuilding Ethereal. (If\n"
"   you get the 1.2.10 versions from www.sunfreeware.org, and the problem\n"
"   persists, un-install them and try installing one of the other versions\n"
"   mentioned.)\n"
"\n"
"   Q 4.5: The build fails on Windows because of conflicts between\n"
"   winsock.h and winsock2.h. \n"
"\n"
"   A: As of Ethereal 0.9.5, you must install WinPcap 2.3 or later, and\n"
"   the corresponding version of the developer's pack, in order to be able\n"
"   to compile Ethereal; it will not compile with older versions of the\n"
"   developer's pack. The symptoms of this failure are conflicts between\n"
"   definitions in winsock.h and in winsock2.h; Ethereal uses winsock2.h,\n"
"   but pre-2.3 versions of the WinPcap developer's packet use winsock.h.\n"
"   (2.3 uses winsock2.h, so if Ethereal were to use winsock.h, it would\n"
"   not be able to build with current versions of the WinPcap developer's\n"
"   pack.)\n"
"\n"
"   Note that the installed version of the developer's pack should be the\n"
"   same version as the version of WinPcap you have installed.\n"
"\n"
"   USING ETHEREAL \n"
"   Q 5.1: When I use Ethereal to capture packets, I see only packets to\n"
"   and from my machine, or I'm not seeing all the traffic I'm expecting\n"
"   to see from or to the machine I'm trying to monitor.\n"
"\n"
"   A: This might be because the interface on which you're capturing is\n"
"   plugged into a switch; on a switched network, unicast traffic between\n"
"   two ports will not necessarily appear on other ports - only broadcast\n"
"   and multicast traffic will be sent to all ports.\n"
"\n"
"   Note that even if your machine is plugged into a hub, the \"hub\" may be\n"
"   a switched hub, in which case you're still on a switched network.\n"
"\n"
"   Note also that on the Linksys Web site, they say that their\n"
"   auto-sensing hubs \"broadcast the 10Mb packets to the port that operate\n"
"   at 10Mb only and broadcast the 100Mb packets to the ports that operate\n"
"   at 100Mb only\", which would indicate that if you sniff on a 10Mb port,\n"
"   you will not see traffic coming sent to a 100Mb port, and vice versa.\n"
"   This problem has also been reported for Netgear dual-speed hubs, and\n"
"   may exist for other \"auto-sensing\" or \"dual-speed\" hubs.\n"
"\n"
"   Some switches have the ability to replicate all traffic on all ports\n"
"   to a single port so that you can plug your analyzer into that single\n"
"   port to sniff all traffic. You would have to check the documentation\n"
"   for the switch to see if this is possible and, if so, to see how to do\n"
"   this. See, for example:\n"
"     * this documentation from Cisco on the Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN)\n"
"       feature on Catalyst switches;\n"
"     * documentation from HP on how to set \"monitoring\"/\"mirroring\" on\n"
"       ports on the console for HP Advancestack Switch 208 and 224;\n"
"     * the \"Network Monitoring Port Features\" section of chapter 6 of\n"
"       documentation from HP for HP ProCurve Switches 1600M, 2424M,\n"
"       4000M, and 8000M.\n"
"\n"
"   Note also that many firewall/NAT boxes have a switch built into them;\n"
"   this includes many of the \"cable/DSL router\" boxes. If you have a box\n"
,

"   of that sort, that has a switch with some number of Ethernet ports\n"
"   into which you plug machines on your network, and another Ethernet\n"
"   port used to connect to a cable or DSL modem, you can, at least, sniff\n"
"   traffic between the machines on your network and the Internet by\n"
"   plugging the Ethernet port on the router going to the modem, the\n"
"   Ethernet port on the modem, and the machine on which you're running\n"
"   Ethereal into a hub (make sure it's not a switching hub, and that, if\n"
"   it's a dual-speed hub, all three of those ports are running at the\n"
"   same speed.\n"
"\n"
"   If your machine is not plugged into a switched network or a dual-speed\n"
"   hub, or it is plugged into a switched network but the port is set up\n"
"   to have all traffic replicated to it, the problem might be that the\n"
"   network interface on which you're capturing doesn't support\n"
"   \"promiscuous\" mode, or because your OS can't put the interface into\n"
"   promiscuous mode. Normally, network interfaces supply to the host\n"
"   only:\n"
"     * packets sent to one of that host's link-layer addresses;\n"
"     * broadcast packets;\n"
"     * multicast packets sent to a multicast address that the host has\n"
"       configured the interface to accept.\n"
"\n"
"   Most network interfaces can also be put in \"promiscuous\" mode, in\n"
"   which they supply to the host all network packets they see. Ethereal\n"
"   will try to put the interface on which it's capturing into promiscuous\n"
"   mode unless the \"Capture packets in promiscuous mode\" option is turned\n"
"   off in the \"Capture Options\" dialog box, and Tethereal will try to put\n"
"   the interface on which it's capturing into promiscuous mode unless the\n"
"   -p option was specified. However, some network interfaces don't\n"
"   support promiscuous mode, and some OSes might not allow interfaces to\n"
"   be put into promiscuous mode.\n"
"\n"
"   If the interface is not running in promiscuous mode, it won't see any\n"
"   traffic that isn't intended to be seen by your machine. It will see\n"
"   broadcast packets, and multicast packets sent to a multicast MAC\n"
"   address the interface is set up to receive.\n"
"\n"
"   You should ask the vendor of your network interface whether it\n"
"   supports promiscuous mode. If it does, you should ask whoever supplied\n"
"   the driver for the interface (the vendor, or the supplier of the OS\n"
"   you're running on your machine) whether it supports promiscuous mode\n"
"   with that network interface.\n"
"\n"
"   In the case of token ring interfaces, the drivers for some of them, on\n"
"   Windows, may require you to enable promiscuous mode in order to\n"
"   capture in promiscuous mode. Ask the vendor of the card how to do\n"
"   this, or see, for example, this information on promiscuous mode on\n"
"   some Madge token ring adapters (note that those cards can have\n"
"   promiscuous mode disabled permanently, in which case you can't enable\n"
"   it).\n"
"\n"
"   In the case of wireless LAN interfaces, it appears that, when those\n"
"   interfaces are promiscuously sniffing, they're running in a\n"
"   significantly different mode from the mode that they run in when\n"
"   they're just acting as network interfaces (to the extent that it would\n"
"   be a significant effor for those drivers to support for promiscuously\n"
"   sniffing and acting as regular network interfaces at the same time),\n"
"   so it may be that Windows drivers for those interfaces don't support\n"
"   promiscuous mode.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.2: I can't see any TCP packets other than packets to and from my\n"
"   machine, even though another analyzer on the network sees those\n"
"   packets.\n"
"\n"
"   A: You're probably not seeing any packets other than unicast packets\n"
"   to or from your machine, and broadcast and multicast packets; a switch\n"
"   will normally send to a port only unicast traffic sent to the MAC\n"
"   address for the interface on that port, and broadcast and multicast\n"
"   traffic - it won't send to that port unicast traffic sent to a MAC\n"
"   address for some other interface - and a network interface not in\n"
"   promiscuous mode will receive only unicast traffic sent to the MAC\n"
"   address for that interface, broadcast traffic, and multicast traffic\n"
"   sent to a multicast MAC address the interface is set up to receive.\n"
"\n"
"   TCP doesn't use broadcast or multicast, so you will only see your own\n"
"   TCP traffic, but UDP services may use broadcast or multicast so you'll\n"
"   see some UDP traffic - however, this is not a problem with TCP\n"
"   traffic, it's a problem with unicast traffic, as you also won't see\n"
"   all UDP traffic between other machines.\n"
"\n"
"   I.e., this is probably the same question as this earlier one; see the\n"
"   response to that question.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.3: I'm only seeing ARP packets when I try to capture traffic.\n"
"\n"
"   A: You're probably on a switched network, and running Ethereal on a\n"
"   machine that's not sending traffic to the switch and not being sent\n"
"   any traffic from other machines on the switch. ARP packets are often\n"
"   broadcast packets, which are sent to all switch ports.\n"
"\n"
"   I.e., this is probably the same question as this earlier one; see the\n"
"   response to that question.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.4: How do I put an interface into promiscuous mode?\n"
"\n"
"   A: By not disabling promiscuous mode when running Ethereal or\n"
"   Tethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   Note, however, that:\n"
"     * the form of promiscuous mode that libpcap (the library that\n"
"       programs such as tcpdump, Ethereal, etc. use to do packet capture)\n"
"       turns on will not necessarily be shown if you run ifconfig on the\n"
"       interface on a UNIX system;\n"
"     * some network interfaces might not support promiscuous mode, and\n"
"       some drivers might not allow promiscuous mode to be turned on -\n"
"       see this earlier question for more information on that;\n"
"     * the fact that you're not seeing any traffic, or are only seeing\n"
"       broadcast traffic, or aren't seeing any non-broadcast traffic\n"
"       other than traffic to or from the machine running Ethereal, does\n"
"       not mean that promiscuous mode isn't on - see this earlier\n"
"       question for more information on that.\n"
"\n"
"   I.e., this is probably the same question as this earlier one; see the\n"
"   response to that question.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.5: I can set a display filter just fine, but capture filters don't\n"
"   work.\n"
"\n"
"   A: Capture filters currently use a different syntax than display\n"
"   filters. Here's the corresponding section from the ethereal(1) man\n"
"   page:\n"
"\n"
"   \"Display filters in Ethereal are very powerful; more fields are\n"
"   filterable in Ethereal than in other protocol analyzers, and the\n"
"   syntax you can use to create your filters is richer. As Ethereal\n"
"   progresses, expect more and more protocol fields to be allowed in\n"
"   display filters.\n"
"\n"
"   Packet capturing is performed with the pcap library. The capture\n"
"   filter syntax follows the rules of the pcap library. This syntax is\n"
"   different from the display filter syntax.\"\n"
"\n"
"   The capture filter syntax used by libpcap can be found in the\n"
"   tcpdump(8) man page.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.6: I'm entering valid capture filters, but I still get \"parse\n"
"   error\" errors.\n"
"\n"
"   A: There is a bug in some versions of libpcap/WinPcap that cause it to\n"
"   report parse errors even for valid expressions if a previous filter\n"
"   expression was invalid and got a parse error.\n"
"\n"
"   Try exiting and restarting Ethereal; if you are using a version of\n"
"   libpcap/WinPcap with this bug, this will \"erase\" its memory of the\n"
"   previous parse error. If the capture filter that got the \"parse error\"\n"
"   now works, the earlier error with that filter was probably due to this\n"
"   bug.\n"
"\n"
"   The bug was fixed in libpcap 0.6; 0.4[.x] and 0.5[.x] versions of\n"
"   libpcap have this bug, but 0.6[.x] and later versions don't.\n"
"\n"
"   Versions of WinPcap prior to 2.3 are based on pre-0.6 versions of\n"
"   libpcap, and have this bug; WinPcap 2.3 is based on libpcap 0.6.2, and\n"
"   doesn't have this bug.\n"
"\n"
"   If you are running Ethereal on a UNIX-flavored platform, run \"ethereal\n"
"   -v\", or select \"About Ethereal...\" from the \"Help\" menu in Ethereal,\n"
"   to see what version of libpcap it's using. If it's not 0.6 or later,\n"
"   you will need either to upgrade your OS to get a later version of\n"
"   libpcap, or will need to build and install a later version of libpcap\n"
"   from the tcpdump.org Web site and then recompile Ethereal from source\n"
"   with that later version of libpcap.\n"
"\n"
"   If you are running Ethereal on Windows with a pre-2.3 version of\n"
"   WinPcap, you will need to un-install WinPcap and then download and\n"
"   install WinPcap 2.3.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.7: I saved a filter and tried to use its name to filter the\n"
"   display, but I got an \"Unexpected end of filter string\" error.\n"
"\n"
"   A: You cannot use the name of a saved display filter as a filter. To\n"
"   filter the display, you can enter a display filter expression - not\n"
"   the name of a saved display filter - in the \"Filter:\" box at the\n"
"   bottom of the display, and type the key or press the \"Apply\" button\n"
"   (that does not require you to have a saved filter), or, if you want to\n"
"   use a saved filter, you can press the \"Filter:\" button, select the\n"
"   filter in the dialog box that pops up, and press the \"OK\" button.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.8: Why am I seeing lots of packets with incorrect TCP checksums?\n"
"\n"
"   A: If the packets that have incorrect TCP checksums are all being sent\n"
"   by the machine on which Ethereal is running, this is probably because\n"
"   the network interface on which you're capturing does TCP checksum\n"
"   offloading. That means that the TCP checksum is added to the packet by\n"
"   the network interface, not by the OS's TCP/IP stack; when capturing on\n"
"   an interface, packets being sent by the host on which you're capturing\n"
"   are directly handed to the capture interface by the OS, which means\n"
"   that they are handed to the capture interface without a TCP checksum\n"
"   being added to them.\n"
"\n"
"   The only way to prevent this from happening would be to disable TCP\n"
"   checksum offloading, but\n"
"    1. that might not even be possible on some OSes;\n"
"    2. that could reduce networking performance significantly.\n"
"\n"
"   However, you can disable the check that Ethereal does of the TCP\n"
"   checksum, so that it won't report any packets as having TCP checksum\n"
"   errors, and so that it won't refuse to do TCP reassembly due to a\n"
"   packet having an incorrect TCP checksum. That can be set as an\n"
"   Ethereal preference by selecting \"Preferences\" from the \"Edit\" menu,\n"
"   opening up the \"Protocols\" list in the left-hand pane of the\n"
"   \"Preferences\" dialog box, selecting \"TCP\", from that list, turning off\n"
"   the \"Check the validity of the TCP checksum when possible\" option,\n"
"   clicking \"Save\" if you want to save that setting in your preference\n"
"   file, and clicking \"OK\".\n"
"\n"
"   It can also be set on the Ethereal or Tethereal command line with a -o\n"
"   tcp.check_checksum:false command-line flag, or manually set in your\n"
"   preferences file by adding a tcp.check_checksum:false line.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.9: I've just installed Ethereal, and the traffic on my local LAN\n"
"   is boring.\n"
"\n"
"   A: We have a collection of strange and exotic sample capture files at\n"
"   http://www.ethereal.com/sample/\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.10: When I run Ethereal on Solaris 8, it dies with a Bus Error\n"
"   when I start it.\n"
"\n"
"   A: Some versions of the GTK+ library from www.sunfreeware.org appear\n"
"   to be buggy, causing Ethereal to drop core with a Bus Error.\n"
"   Un-install those packages, and try getting the 1.2.10 version from\n"
"   that site, or the version from The Written Word, or the version from\n"
"   Sun's GNOME distribution, or the version from the supplemental\n"
"   software CD that comes with the Solaris media kit, or build it from\n"
"   source from the GTK Web site. Update the GLib library to the 1.2.10\n"
"   version, from the same source, as well. (If you get the 1.2.10\n"
"   versions from www.sunfreeware.org, and the problem persists,\n"
"   un-install them and try installing one of the other versions\n"
"   mentioned.)\n"
"\n"
"   Similar problems may exist with older versions of GTK+ for earlier\n"
"   versions of Solaris.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.11: When I run Ethereal on Windows NT, it dies with a Dr. Watson\n"
"   error, reporting an \"Integer division by zero\" exception, when I start\n"
"   it.\n"
"\n"
"   A: In at least some case, this appears to be due to using the default\n"
"   VGA driver; if that's not the correct driver for your video card, try\n"
"   running the correct driver for your video card.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.12: When I try to run Ethereal, it complains about\n"
"   sprint_realloc_objid being undefined.\n"
"\n"
"   A: Ethereal can only be linked with version 4.2.2 or later of UCD\n"
"   SNMP. Your version of Ethereal was dynamically linked with such a\n"
"   version of UCD SNMP; however, you have an older version of UCD SNMP\n"
"   installed, which means that when Ethereal is run, it tries to link to\n"
"   the older version, and fails. You will have to replace that version of\n"
"   UCD SNMP with version 4.2.2 or a later version.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.13: I'm running Ethereal on Linux; why do my time stamps have only\n"
"   100ms resolution, rather than 1us resolution?\n"
"\n"
"   A: Ethereal gets time stamps from libpcap/WinPcap, and libpcap/WinPcap\n"
"   get them from the OS kernel, so Ethereal - and any other program using\n"
"   libpcap, such as tcpdump - is at the mercy of the time stamping code\n"
"   in the OS for time stamps.\n"
"\n"
"   At least on x86-based machines, Linux can get high-resolution time\n"
"   stamps on newer processors with the Time Stamp Counter (TSC) register;\n"
"   for example, Intel x86 processors, starting with the Pentium Pro, and\n"
"   including all x86 processors since then, have had a TSC, and other\n"
"   vendors probably added the TSC at some point to their families of x86\n"
"   processors.\n"
"\n"
"   The Linux kernel must be configured with the CONFIG_X86_TSC option\n"
"   enabled in order to use the TSC. Make sure this option is enabled in\n"
"   your kernel.\n"
"\n"
"   In addition, some Linux distributions may have bugs in their versions\n"
"   of the kernel that cause packets not to be given high-resolution time\n"
"   stamps even if the TSC is enabled. See, for example, bug 61111 for Red\n"
"   Hat Linux 7.2. If your distribution has a bug such as this, you may\n"
"   have to run a standard kernel from kernel.org in order to get\n"
"   high-resolution time stamps.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.14: I'm capturing packets on {Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me};\n"
"   why are the time stamps on packets wrong? \n"
"\n"
"   A: This is due to a bug in WinPcap. The bug should be fixed in WinPcap\n"
"   3.0.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.15: When I try to run Ethereal on Windows, it fails to run because\n"
"   it can't find packet.dll.\n"
"\n"
"   A: In older versions of Ethereal, there were two binary distributions\n"
"   available for Windows, one that supported capturing packets, and one\n"
"   that didn't. The version that supported capturing packets required\n"
"   that you install the WinPcap driver; if you didn't install it, it\n"
"   would fail to run because it couldn't find packet.dll.\n"
"\n"
"   The current version of Ethereal has only one binary distribution for\n"
"   Windows; that version will check whether WinPcap is installed and, if\n"
"   it's not, will disable support for packet capture.\n"
"\n"
"   The WinPcap driver and libraries can be downloaded from the WinPcap\n"
"   Web site, the local mirror of the WinPcap Web site, or the\n"
"   Wiretapped.net mirror of the WinPcap site.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.16: I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why does some network\n"
"   interface on my machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the\n"
"   \"Interface:\" field in the dialog box popped up by \"Capture->Start\",\n"
"   and/or why does Ethereal give me an error if I try to capture on that\n"
"   interface? \n"
"\n"
"   A: If you are running Ethereal on Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000,\n"
"   Windows XP, or Windows Server, and this is the first time you have run\n"
"   a WinPcap-based program (such as Ethereal, or Tethereal, or WinDump,\n"
"   or Analyzer, or...) since the machine was rebooted, you need to run\n"
"   that program from an account with administrator privileges; once you\n"
"   have run such a program, you will not need administrator privileges to\n"
"   run any such programs until you reboot.\n"
"\n"
"   If you are running on Windows 95/98/Me, or if you are running on\n"
"   Windows NT 4.0/2000/XP/Server and have administrator privileges or a\n"
"   WinPcap-based program has been run with those privileges since the\n"
"   machine rebooted, then note that Ethereal relies on the WinPcap\n"
"   library, on the WinPcap device driver, and on the facilities that come\n"
"   with the OS on which it's running in order to do captures.\n"
"\n"
"   Therefore, if the OS, the WinPcap library, or the WinPcap driver don't\n"
"   support capturing on a particular network interface device, Ethereal\n"
"   won't be able to capture on that device.\n"
"\n"
"   Note that:\n"
"     * 2.02 and earlier versions of the WinPcap driver and library that\n"
"       Ethereal uses for packet capture didn't support Token Ring\n"
"       interfaces; the current version, 2.3, does support Token Ring, and\n"
"       the current version of Ethereal works with (and, in fact,\n"
"       requires) WinPcap 2.1 or later.\n"
"       If you are having problems capturing on Token Ring interfaces, and\n"
"       you have WinPcap 2.02 or an earlier version of WinPcap installed,\n"
"       you should uninstall WinPcap, download and install the current\n"
"       version of WinPcap, and then install the latest version of\n"
"       Ethereal.\n"
"     * On Windows 95, 98, or Me, sometimes more than one interface will\n"
"       be given the same name; if that is the case, you will only be able\n"
"       to capture on one of those interfaces - it's not clear to which\n"
"       one the name, when used in a WinPcap-based application, will\n"
"       refer. For example, if you have a PPP serial interface and a VPN\n"
"       interface, they might show up with the same name, for example\n"
"       \"ppp-mac\", and if you try to capture on \"ppp-mac\", it might not\n"
"       capture on the interface you're currently using. In that case, you\n"
"       might, for example, have to remove the VPN interface from the\n"
"       system in order to capture on the PPP serial interface.\n"
"     * WinPcap doesn't support PPP WAN interfaces on Windows\n"
"       NT/2000/XP/Server, so Ethereal cannot capture packets on those\n"
"       devices when running on Windows NT/2000/XP/Server. Regular dial-up\n"
"       lines, ISDN lines, and various other lines such as T1/E1 lines are\n"
"       all PPP interfaces. This may cause the interface not to show up on\n"
"       the list of interfaces in the \"Capture Options\" dialog.\n"
"     * WinPcap prior to 3.0 does not support multiprocessor machines\n"
"       (note that machines with a single multi-threaded processor, such\n"
"       as Intel's new multi-threaded x86 processors, are multiprocessor\n"
"       machines as far as the OS and WinPcap are concerned), and recent\n"
"       2.x versions of WinPcap refuse to operate if they detect that\n"
"       they're running on a multiprocessor machine, which means that they\n"
"       may not show any network interfaces. You will need to use WinPcap\n"
"       3.0 to capture on a multiprocessor machine.\n"
"\n"
"   If an interface doesn't show up in the list of interfaces in the\n"
"   \"Interface:\" field, and you know the name of the interface, try\n"
"   entering that name in the \"Interface:\" field and capturing on that\n"
"   device.\n"
"\n"
"   If the attempt to capture on it succeeds, the interface is somehow not\n"
"   being reported by the mechanism Ethereal uses to get a list of\n"
"   interfaces; please report this to ethereal-dev@ethereal.com giving\n"
"   full details of the problem, including\n"
"     * the operating system you're using, and the version of that\n"
"       operating system;\n"
"     * the type of network device you're using.\n"
"\n"
"   If you are having trouble capturing on a particular network interface,\n"
"   and you've made sure that (on platforms that require it) you've\n"
"   arranged that packet capture support is present, as per the above,\n"
"   first try capturing on that device with WinDump; see the WinDump Web\n"
"   site or the local mirror of the WinDump Web site for information on\n"
"   using WinDump.\n"
"\n"
"   If you can capture on the interface with WinDump, send mail to\n"
"   ethereal-users@ethereal.com giving full details of the problem,\n"
"   including\n"
"     * the operating system you're using, and the version of that\n"
"       operating system;\n"
"     * the type of network device you're using;\n"
"     * the error message you get from Ethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   If you cannot capture on the interface with WinDump, this is almost\n"
"   certainly a problem with one or more of:\n"
"     * the operating system you're using;\n"
"     * the device driver for the interface you're using;\n"
"     * the WinPcap library and/or the WinPcap device driver;\n"
"\n"
"   so first check the WinPcap FAQ, the local mirror of that FAQ, or the\n"
"   Wiretapped.net mirror of that FAQ, to see if your problem is mentioned\n"
"   there. If not, then see the WinPcap support page (or the local mirror\n"
"   of that page) - check the \"Submitting bugs\" section.\n"
,

"\n"
"   You may also want to ask the ethereal-users@ethereal.com and the\n"
"   winpcap-users@winpcap.polito.it mailing lists to see if anybody\n"
"   happens to know about the problem and know a workaround or fix for the\n"
"   problem. (Note that you will have to subscribe to that list in order\n"
"   to be allowed to mail to it; see the WinPcap support page, or the\n"
"   local mirror of that page, for information on the mailing list.) In\n"
"   your mail, please give full details of the problem, as described\n"
"   above, and also indicate that the problem occurs with WinDump, not\n"
"   just with Ethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.17: I'm running on a UNIX-flavored OS; why does some network\n"
"   interface on my machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the\n"
"   \"Interface:\" field in the dialog box popped up by \"Capture->Start\",\n"
"   and/or why does Ethereal give me an error if I try to capture on that\n"
"   interface? \n"
"\n"
"   A: You may need to run Ethereal from an account with sufficient\n"
"   privileges to capture packets, such as the super-user account. Only\n"
"   those interfaces that Ethereal can open for capturing show up in that\n"
"   list; if you don't have sufficient privileges to capture on any\n"
"   interfaces, no interfaces will show up in the list.\n"
"\n"
"   If you are running Ethereal from an account with sufficient\n"
"   privileges, then note that Ethereal relies on the libpcap library, and\n"
"   on the facilities that come with the OS on which it's running in order\n"
"   to do captures.\n"
"\n"
"   Therefore, if the OS or the libpcap library don't support capturing on\n"
"   a particular network interface device, Ethereal won't be able to\n"
"   capture on that device.\n"
"\n"
"   On Linux, note that you need to have \"packet socket\" support enabled\n"
"   in your kernel; see the \"Packet socket\" item in the Linux\n"
"   \"Configure.help\" file.\n"
"\n"
"   On BSD, note that you need to have BPF support enabled in your kernel;\n"
"   see the documentation for your system for information on how to enable\n"
"   BPF support (if it's not enabled by default on your system).\n"
"\n"
"   On DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX, or Tru64 UNIX, note that you need to have\n"
"   packet filtering support in your kernel; the doconfig command will\n"
"   allow you to configure and build a new kernel with that option.\n"
"\n"
"   On Solaris, note that libpcap 0.6.2 and earlier didn't support Token\n"
"   Ring interfaces; the current version, 0.7.2, does support Token Ring,\n"
"   and the current version of Ethereal works with libcap 0.7.2 and later.\n"
"\n"
"   If an interface doesn't show up in the list of interfaces in the\n"
"   \"Interface:\" field, and you know the name of the interface, try\n"
"   entering that name in the \"Interface:\" field and capturing on that\n"
"   device.\n"
"\n"
"   If the attempt to capture on it succeeds, the interface is somehow not\n"
"   being reported by the mechanism Ethereal uses to get a list of\n"
"   interfaces; please report this to ethereal-dev@ethereal.com giving\n"
"   full details of the problem, including\n"
"     * the operating system you're using, and the version of that\n"
"       operating system (for Linux, give both the version number of the\n"
"       kernel and the name and version number of the distribution you're\n"
"       using);\n"
"     * the type of network device you're using.\n"
"\n"
"   If you are having trouble capturing on a particular network interface,\n"
"   and you've made sure that (on platforms that require it) you've\n"
"   arranged that packet capture support is present, as per the above,\n"
"   first try capturing on that device with tcpdump.\n"
"\n"
"   If you can capture on the interface with tcpdump, send mail to\n"
"   ethereal-users@ethereal.com giving full details of the problem,\n"
"   including\n"
"     * the operating system you're using, and the version of that\n"
"       operating system (for Linux, give both the version number of the\n"
"       kernel and the name and version number of the distribution you're\n"
"       using);\n"
"     * the type of network device you're using;\n"
"     * the error message you get from Ethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   If you cannot capture on the interface with tcpdump, this is almost\n"
"   certainly a problem with one or more of:\n"
"     * the operating system you're using;\n"
"     * the device driver for the interface you're using;\n"
"     * the libpcap library;\n"
"\n"
"   so you should report the problem to the company or organization that\n"
"   produces the OS (in the case of a Linux distribution, report the\n"
"   problem to whoever produces the distribution).\n"
"\n"
"   You may also want to ask the ethereal-users@ethereal.com and the\n"
"   tcpdump-workers@tcpdump.org mailing lists to see if anybody happens to\n"
"   know about the problem and know a workaround or fix for the problem.\n"
"   In your mail, please give full details of the problem, as described\n"
"   above, and also indicate that the problem occurs with tcpdump not just\n"
"   with Ethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.18: I'm running Ethereal on Windows NT/2000/XP/Server; my machine\n"
"   has a PPP (dial-up POTS, ISDN, etc.) interface, and it shows up in the\n"
"   \"Interface\" item in the \"Capture Options\" dialog box. Why can no\n"
"   packets be sent on or received from that network while I'm trying to\n"
"   capture traffic on that interface?\n"
"\n"
"   A: WinPcap doesn't support PPP WAN interfaces on Windows\n"
"   NT/2000/XP/Server; one symptom that may be seen is that attempts to\n"
"   capture in promiscuous mode on the interface cause the interface to be\n"
"   incapable of sending or receiving packets. You can disable promiscuous\n"
"   mode using the -p command-line flag or the item in the \"Capture\n"
"   Preferences\" dialog box, but this may mean that outgoing packets, or\n"
"   incoming packets, won't be seen in the capture.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.19: I'm running Ethereal on Windows 95/98/Me, on a machine with\n"
"   more than one network adapter of the same type; Ethereal shows all of\n"
"   those adapters with the same name, but I can't use any of those\n"
"   adapters other than the first one.\n"
"\n"
"   A: Unfortunately, Windows 95/98/Me gives the same name to multiple\n"
"   instances of the type of same network adapter. Therefore, WinPcap\n"
"   cannot distinguish between them, so a WinPcap-based application can\n"
"   capture only on the first such interface; Ethereal is a\n"
"   libpcap/WinPcap-based application.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.20: I'm running Ethereal on Windows, and I'm not seeing any\n"
"   traffic being sent by the machine running Ethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   A: If you are running some form of VPN client software, it might be\n"
"   causing this problem; people have seen this problem when they have\n"
"   Check Point's VPN software installed on their machine. If that's the\n"
"   cause of the problem, you will have to remove the VPN software in\n"
"   order to have Ethereal (or any other application using WinPcap) see\n"
"   outgoing packets; unfortunately, neither we nor the WinPcap developers\n"
"   know any way to make WinPcap and the VPN software work well together.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.21: I'm trying to capture traffic but I'm not seeing any.\n"
"\n"
"   A: Is the machine running Ethereal sending out any traffic on the\n"
"   network interface on which you're capturing, or receiving any traffic\n"
"   on that network, or is there any broadcast traffic on the network or\n"
"   multicast traffic to a multicast group to which the machine running\n"
"   Ethereal belongs?\n"
"\n"
"   If not, this may just be a problem with promiscuous sniffing, either\n"
"   due to running on a switched network or a dual-speed hub, or due to\n"
"   problems with the interface not supporting promiscuous mode; see the\n"
"   response to this earlier question.\n"
"\n"
"   Otherwise, on Windows, see the response to this question and, on a\n"
"   UNIX-flavored OS, see the response to this question.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.22: I have an XXX network card on my machine; if I try to capture\n"
"   on it, my machine crashes or resets itself. \n"
"\n"
"   A: This is almost certainly a problem with one or more of:\n"
"     * the operating system you're using;\n"
"     * the device driver for the interface you're using;\n"
"     * the libpcap/WinPcap library and, if this is Windows, the WinPcap\n"
"       device driver;\n"
"\n"
"   so:\n"
"     * if you are using Windows, see the WinPcap support page (or the\n"
"       local mirror of that page) - check the \"Submitting bugs\" section;\n"
"     * if you are using some Linux distribution, some version of BSD, or\n"
"       some other UNIX-flavored OS, you should report the problem to the\n"
"       company or organization that produces the OS (in the case of a\n"
"       Linux distribution, report the problem to whoever produces the\n"
"       distribution).\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.23: My machine crashes or resets itself when I select \"Start\" from\n"
"   the \"Capture\" menu or select \"Preferences\" from the \"Edit\" menu. \n"
"\n"
"   A: Both of those operations cause Ethereal to try to build a list of\n"
"   the interfaces that it can open; it does so by getting a list of\n"
"   interfaces and trying to open them. There is probably an OS, driver,\n"
"   or, for Windows, WinPcap bug that causes the system to crash when this\n"
"   happens; see the previous question.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.24: Does Ethereal work on Windows ME? \n"
"\n"
"   A: Yes, but if you want to capture packets, you will need to install\n"
"   the latest version of WinPcap, as 2.02 and earlier versions of WinPcap\n"
"   didn't support Windows ME. You should also install the latest version\n"
"   of Ethereal as well.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.25: Does Ethereal work on Windows XP? \n"
"\n"
"   A: Yes, but if you want to capture packets, you will need to install\n"
"   the latest version of WinPcap, as 2.2 and earlier versions of WinPcap\n"
"   didn't support Windows XP.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.26: Why doesn't Ethereal correctly identify RTP packets? It shows\n"
"   them only as UDP.\n"
"\n"
"   A: Ethereal can identify a UDP datagram as containing a packet of a\n"
"   particular protocol running atop UDP only if\n"
"    1. The protocol in question has a particular standard port number,\n"
"       and the UDP source or destination port number is that port\n"
"    2. Packets of that protocol can be identified by looking for a\n"
"       \"signature\" of some type in the packet - i.e., some data that, if\n"
"       Ethereal finds it in some particular part of a packet, means that\n"
"       the packet is almost certainly a packet of that type.\n"
"    3. Some other traffic earlier in the capture indicated that, for\n"
"       example, UDP traffic between two particular addresses and ports\n"
"       will be RTP traffic.\n"
"\n"
"   RTP doesn't have a standard port number, so 1) doesn't work; it\n"
"   doesn't, as far as I know, have any \"signature\", so 2) doesn't work.\n"
"\n"
"   That leaves 3). If there's RTSP traffic that sets up an RTP session,\n"
"   then, at least in some cases, the RTSP dissector will set things up so\n"
"   that subsequent RTP traffic will be identified. Currently, that's the\n"
"   only place we do that; there may be other places.\n"
"\n"
"   However, there will always be places where Ethereal is simply\n"
"   incapable of deducing that a given UDP flow is RTP; a mechanism would\n"
"   be needed to allow the user to specify that a given conversation\n"
"   should be treated as RTP. As of Ethereal 0.8.16, such a mechanism\n"
"   exists; if you select a UDP or TCP packet, the right mouse button menu\n"
"   will have a \"Decode As...\" menu item, which will pop up a dialog box\n"
"   letting you specify that the source port, the destination port, or\n"
"   both the source and destination ports of the packet should be\n"
"   dissected as some particular protocol.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.27: Why doesn't Ethereal show Yahoo Messenger packets in captures\n"
"   that contain Yahoo Messenger traffic?\n"
"\n"
"   A: Ethereal only recognizes as Yahoo Messenger traffic packets to or\n"
"   from TCP port 3050 that begin with \"YPNS\", \"YHOO\", or \"YMSG\". TCP\n"
"   segments that start with the middle of a Yahoo Messenger packet that\n"
"   takes more than one TCP segment will not be recognized as Yahoo\n"
"   Messenger packets (even if the TCP segment also contains the beginning\n"
"   of another Yahoo Messenger packet).\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.28: Why do I get the error \n"
"\n"
"     Gdk-ERROR **: Palettized display (256-colour) mode not supported on\n"
"     Windows.\n"
"     aborting....\n"
"\n"
"   when I try to run Ethereal on Windows?\n"
"\n"
"   A: Ethereal is built using the GTK+ toolkit, which supports most\n"
"   UNIX-flavored OSes, and also supports Windows; that toolkit doesn't\n"
"   support 256-color mode on Windows - it requires HiColor (16-bit\n"
"   colors) or more. If your display supports more than 256 colors, switch\n"
"   to a display mode with more colors; if it doesn't support more than\n"
"   256 colors, you will be unable to run Ethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.29: When I capture on Windows in promiscuous mode, I can see\n"
"   packets other than those sent to or from my machine; however, those\n"
"   packets show up with a \"Short Frame\" indication, unlike packets to or\n"
"   from my machine. What should I do to arrange that I see those packets\n"
"   in their entirety? \n"
"\n"
"   A: In at least some cases, this appears to be the result of PGPnet\n"
"   running on the network interface on which you're capturing; turn it\n"
"   off on that interface.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.30: How can I capture raw 802.11 packets, including non-data\n"
"   (management, beacon) packets? \n"
"\n"
"   A: That would require that your 802.11 interface run in the mode\n"
"   called \"monitor mode\" or \"RFMON mode\". Not all operating systems\n"
"   support that and, even on operating systems that do support it, not\n"
"   all drivers, and thus not all cards, support it.\n"
"\n"
"   Cisco Aironet cards:\n"
"\n"
"   The only platforms that allow Ethereal to capture raw 802.11 packets\n"
"   on Cisco Aironet cards are:\n"
"     * Linux, with a 2.4.6 or later kernel;\n"
"     * FreeBSD 4.6 or later, as the driver in FreeBSD 4.5 has bugs that\n"
"       cause packets not to be captured correctly, and the driver in\n"
"       releases prior to 4.5 didn't support capturing raw packets.\n"
"\n"
"   On FreeBSD, the ancontrol utility must be used; do not enable the full\n"
"   Aironet header via BPF, as Ethereal doesn't currently support that.\n"
"\n"
"   On Linux with the driver in the 2.4.6 through 2.4.19 kernel, you will\n"
"   need to do\n"
"\n"
"echo \"Mode: rfmon\" >/proc/driver/aironet/ethN/Config\n"
"\n"
"   if your Aironet card is ethN. To capture traffic from any BSS, do\n"
"\n"
"echo \"Mode: y\" >/proc/driver/aironet/ethN/Config\n"
"\n"
"   and to return to the normal mode, do\n"
"\n"
"echo \"Mode: ess\" >/proc/driver/aironet/ethN/Config\n"
"\n"
"   On Linux with the driver in the 2.4.20 kernel, or with the CVS drivers\n"
"   from the airo-linux SourceForge site, you will have to capture on the\n"
"   wifiN interface if your Aironet card is ethN, after running the\n"
"   commands listed above.\n"
"\n"
"   In all of those cases, Ethereal would have to be linked with libpcap\n"
"   0.7.1 or later; this means that most Ethereal binary packages won't\n"
"   work unless they're statically linked with libpcap 0.7.1 or later, or\n"
"   they're dynamically linked with libpcap and your system has a libpcap\n"
"   0.7.1 or later shared library installed (note that libpcap source\n"
"   package from tcpdump.org does not build shared libraries). Some binary\n"
"   packaging mechanisms might make it difficult to install Ethereal\n"
"   binary packages built to depend on older libpcap binary packages if\n"
"   you have a newer libpcap binary package installed; the installer\n"
"   programs for those packaging mechanisms might support disabling\n"
"   dependency checking so that they will install Ethereal even though a\n"
"   newer version of libpcap is installed.\n"
"\n"
"   Cards using the Prism II chip set (see this page of Linux 802.11\n"
"   information for details on wireless cards, including information on\n"
"   the chips they use):\n"
"\n"
"   You can capture raw 802.11 packets with Prism II cards on Linux\n"
"   systems with the 0.1.14-pre6 or later version of the linux-wlan-ng\n"
"   drivers (see the linux-wlan page, and the linux-wlan-ng tarball\n"
"   directory).\n"
"\n"
"   Those require either Solomon Peachy's patch to libpcap 0.7.1 (see his\n"
"   libpcap-0.7.1-prism.diff file, or his RPMs of that version of\n"
"   libpcap), or the current CVS version of libpcap, which includes his\n"
"   patch (download it from the \"Current Tar files\" section of the\n"
"   tcpdump.org Web site). If you apply his patches to libpcap 0.7.1 and\n"
"   rebuild and install libpcap, or if you build and install the current\n"
"   CVS version of libpcap, you would have to rebuild Ethereal from\n"
"   source, linking it with that new version of libpcap; an Ethereal\n"
"   binary package would not work. Ethereal binary packages might work if\n"
"   you install the libpcap-0.7.1-1prism.i386.rpm RPM, as it might install\n"
"   a libpcap shared library in place of the one on your system.\n"
"\n"
"   You may have to run a command to put the interface into monitor mode,\n"
"   or to change other interface settings, and you might have to capture\n"
"   on a wlanN interface rather than a ethN interface, in order to capture\n"
"   raw 802.11 packets. The interface settings are available in your\n"
"   wlan-ng.conf file. See the wlan-ng FAQ for additional information.\n"
"\n"
"   On other platforms, capturing raw 802.11 packets on Prism II cards is\n"
"   not currently supported.\n"
"\n"
"   Orinoco Silver and Gold cards:\n"
"\n"
"   On Linux systems, there are patches on the Orinoco Monitor Mode Patch\n"
"   Page that should allow you to do capture raw 802.11 packets. You will\n"
"   have to determine which version of the driver you have, and select the\n"
"   appropriate patch.\n"
"\n"
"   Note that the page indicates that not all versions of the Orinoco\n"
"   firmware support this patch. It says, for some versions of the patch,\n"
"   \"This patch should allow monitor mode with v8.10 firmware (untested w/\n"
"   8.42);\" if you have version 8.10 or later firmware on your Orinoco\n"
"   cards, you might have to use those patches, with the corresponding\n"
"   versions of the Orinoco driver, in order to run in monitor mode.\n"
"\n"
"   That patch is written for the drivers included with the pcmcia-cs\n"
"   drivers, but works equally well for the Orinoco drivers provided with\n"
"   Linux kernels up to 2.4.20. To apply a patch to your kernel drivers,\n"
"   simply copy the orinoco-09b-patch.diff file to the\n"
"   /usr/src/linux/drivers/net directory and patch according to the\n"
"   directions on the Orinoco Monitor Mode Patch Page. You can double-\n"
"   check the version of the Orinoco drivers that shipped with your kernel\n"
"   by examining the first few lines of the orinoco.c file.\n"
"\n"
"   Te Orinoco patches require either Solomon Peachy's patch to libpcap\n"
"   0.7.1 (see his libpcap-0.7.1-prism.diff file, or his RPMs of that\n"
"   version of libpcap), or the current CVS version of libpcap, which\n"
"   includes his patch (download it from the \"Current Tar files\" section\n"
"   of the tcpdump.org Web site). If you apply his patches to libpcap\n"
"   0.7.1 and rebuild and install libpcap, or if you build and install the\n"
"   current CVS version of libpcap, you would have to rebuild Ethereal\n"
"   from source, linking it with that new version of libpcap; an Ethereal\n"
"   binary package would not work. Ethereal binary packages might work if\n"
"   you install the libpcap-0.7.1-1prism.i386.rpm RPM, as it might install\n"
"   a libpcap shared library in place of the one on your system.\n"
"\n"
"   On other platforms, capturing raw 802.11 packets on Orinoco cards is\n"
"   not currently supported.\n"
"\n"
"   Other 802.11 interfaces:\n"
"\n"
"   With other 802.11 interfaces, no platform allows Ethereal to capture\n"
"   raw 802.11 packets, as far as we know. If you know of other 802.11\n"
"   interfaces that are supported (note that there are many \"Prism II\n"
"   cards\", so your card might be a Prism II card), please let us know,\n"
"   and include URLs for sites containing any necessary patches to add\n"
"   this support.\n"
"\n"
"   On platforms that don't allow Ethereal to capture raw 802.11 packets,\n"
"   the 802.11 network will appear like an Ethernet to Ethereal.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.31: How can I capture packets with CRC errors? \n"
"\n"
"   A: Ethereal can capture only the packets that the packet capture\n"
"   library - libpcap on UNIX-flavored OSes, and the WinPcap port to\n"
"   Windows of libpcap on Windows - can capture, and libpcap/WinPcap can\n"
"   capture only the packets that the OS's raw packet capture mechanism\n"
"   (or the WinPcap driver, and the underlying OS networking code and\n"
"   network interface drivers, on Windows) will allow it to capture.\n"
"\n"
"   Unless the OS can be configured to supply packets with errors such as\n"
"   invalid CRCs to the raw packet capture mechanism, Ethereal - and other\n"
"   programs that capture raw packets, such as tcpdump - cannot capture\n"
"   those packets. You will have to determine whether your OS can be so\n"
"   configured, configure it if possible, and make whatever changes to\n"
,

"   libpcap and the packet capture program you're using are necessary to\n"
"   support capturing those packets.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.32: How can I capture entire frames, including the FCS? \n"
"\n"
"   A: Ethereal can't capture any data that the packet capture library -\n"
"   libpcap on UNIX-flavored OSes, and the WinPcap port to Windows of\n"
"   libpcap on Windows - can capture, and libpcap/WinPcap can capture only\n"
"   the data that the OS's raw packet capture mechanism (or the WinPcap\n"
"   driver, and the underlying OS networking code and network interface\n"
"   drivers, on Windows) will allow it to capture.\n"
"\n"
"   For any particular link-layer network type, unless the OS supplies the\n"
"   FCS of a frame as part of the frame, or can be configured to supply\n"
"   the FCS of a frame as part of the frame, Ethereal - and other programs\n"
"   that capture raw packets, such as tcpdump - cannot capture the FCS of\n"
"   a frame. You will have to determine whether your OS can be so\n"
"   configured, configure it if possible, and make whatever changes to\n"
"   libpcap and the packet capture program you're using are necessary to\n"
"   support capturing the FCS of a frame. Most if not all OSes probably do\n"
"   not support capturing the FCS of a frame on Ethernet, and probably do\n"
"   not support it on most other link-layer types.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.33: Ethereal hangs after I stop a capture. \n"
"\n"
"   A: The most likely reason for this is that Ethereal is trying to look\n"
"   up an IP address in the capture to convert it to a name (so that, for\n"
"   example, it can display the name in the source address or destination\n"
"   address columns), and that lookup process is taking a very long time.\n"
"\n"
"   Ethereal calls a routine in the OS of the machine on which it's\n"
"   running to convert of IP addresses to the corresponding names. That\n"
"   routine probably does one or more of:\n"
"     * a search of a system file listing IP addresses and names;\n"
"     * a lookup using DNS;\n"
"     * on UNIX systems, a lookup using NIS;\n"
"     * on Windows systems, a NetBIOS-over-TCP query.\n"
"\n"
"   If a DNS server that's used in an address lookup is not responding,\n"
"   the lookup will fail, but will only fail after a timeout while the\n"
"   system routine waits for a reply.\n"
"\n"
"   In addition, on Windows systems, if the DNS lookup of the address\n"
"   fails, either because the server isn't responding or because there are\n"
"   no records in the DNS that could be used to map the address to a name,\n"
"   a NetBIOS-over-TCP query will be made. That query involves sending a\n"
"   message to the NetBIOS-over-TCP name service on that machine, asking\n"
"   for the name and other information about the machine. If the machine\n"
"   isn't running software that responds to those queries - for example,\n"
"   many non-Windows machines wouldn't be running that software - the\n"
"   lookup will only fail after a timeout. Those timeouts can cause the\n"
"   lookup to take a long time.\n"
"\n"
"   If you disable network address-to-name translation - for example, by\n"
"   turning off the \"Enable network name resolution\" option in the \"Name\n"
"   resolution\" options in the dialog box you get by selecting\n"
"   \"Preferences\" from the \"Edit\" menu - the lookups of the address won't\n"
"   be done, which may speed up the process of reading the capture file\n"
"   after the capture is stopped. You can make that setting the default by\n"
"   using the \"Save\" button in that dialog box; note that this will save\n"
"   all your current preference settings.\n"
"\n"
"   If Ethereal hangs when reading a capture even with network name\n"
"   resolution turned off, there might, for example, be a bug in one of\n"
"   Ethereal's dissectors for a protocol causing it to loop infinitely.\n"
"   The bug should be reported to the Ethereal developers' mailing list at\n"
"   ethereal-dev@ethereal.com.\n"
"\n"
"   On UNIX-flavored OSes, please try to force Ethereal to dump core, by\n"
"   sending it a SIGABRT signal (usually signal 6) with the kill command,\n"
"   and then get a stack trace if you have a debugger installed. A stack\n"
"   trace can be obtained by using your debugger (gdb in this example),\n"
"   the Ethereal binary, and the resulting core file. Here's an example of\n"
"   how to use the gdb command backtrace to do so.\n"
"        $ gdb ethereal core\n"
"        (gdb) backtrace\n"
"        ..... prints the stack trace\n"
"        (gdb) quit\n"
"        $\n"
"\n"
"   The core dump file may be named \"ethereal.core\" rather than \"core\" on\n"
"   some platforms (e.g., BSD systems)\n"
"\n"
"   Also, if at all possible, please send a copy of the capture file that\n"
"   caused the problem; when capturing packets, Ethereal normally writes\n"
"   captured packets to a temporary file, which will probably be in /tmp\n"
"   or /var/tmp on UNIX-flavored OSes and \\TEMP on Windows, so the capture\n"
"   file will probably be there. It will have a name beginning with ether,\n"
"   with some mixture of letters and numbers after that. Please don't send\n"
"   a trace file greater than 1 MB when compressed. If the trace file\n"
"   contains sensitive information (e.g., passwords), then please do not\n"
"   send it.\n"
"\n"
"   Q 5.34: How can I search for, or filter, packets that have a\n"
"   particular string anywhere in them? \n"
"\n"
"   A: Currently, you can't.\n"
"\n"
"   That's a feature that would be hard to implement in capture filters\n"
"   without changes to the capture filter code, which, on many platforms,\n"
"   is in the OS kernel and, on other platforms, is in the libpcap\n"
"   library.\n"
"\n"
"   It would be easier to implement in display filters, but it hasn't been\n"
"   implemented yet. It would be best implemented as a display filter\n"
"   \"string match\" operator, which would let you check not only the entire\n"
"   packet for a string, but check portions of the packet for a string. It\n"
"   should probably not use a naive string matching mechanism, as there\n"
"   are mechanisms much faster than the naive one.\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"   Support can be found on the ethereal-users[AT]ethereal.com mailing\n"
"   list. \n"
"   For corrections/additions/suggestions for this page, please send email\n"
"   to: ethereal-web[AT]ethereal.com\n"
"   Last modified: Sat, July 19 2003.\n"
};
#define FAQ_PARTS 5
#define FAQ_SIZE 78005