186 lines
7.0 KiB
Plaintext
186 lines
7.0 KiB
Plaintext
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What is Open Source / Free Software ?
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by
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Harald Welte <hwelte@astaro.com>
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Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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Contents
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The traditional (proprietary) software model
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The Free / Open Source software model
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Important Free / Open Source software licenses
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Difference Free Software / Open Source
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History of Free / Open Source software
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Who is behind FOSS?
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Development Process
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Thanks
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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The traditional (proprietary) software model
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traditional software model
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product-oriented
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vendor finances development of software
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business model of software based on secret source code
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same copy of software object code is sold under a very restrictive license
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license fees refinance cost of development
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enforcement of restrictive license guarantees revenue
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advantages
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proven business model
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disadvantage
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vendor has to develop everything on his own or buy licenses of 3rd party software
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less flexibility for the customer
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does the customer trust the 'black box' you are selling?
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if vendor goes out of business, no bugfixes/updates
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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The free / open source software model
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Open Source / Free Software model
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service based
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individual parties contribute code parts
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software is distributed for free
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software source code is distributed under very permissive license
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service / support / customization refinance development
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advantages
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vast amount of available FOSS can be used as foundation for own products
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source code is available for peer review
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bug fixes for free, people just send you patches
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new features impelemented by your users!
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disadvantage
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business model has yet to prove scalability
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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Difference Free Software / Open Source
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difference free software / open source
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free software
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term 'free software' (free as in freedom, not beer) introduced by Richard Stallman / FSF 1984.
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focus on political/ethical/philosophical freedom
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open source
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term 'open source' software (OSS) introduced by OSI in 1997
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focus on technological advantage by means of source review
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most FOSS licenses match both definitions, OSS less restrictive
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FOSS is _not_ to be mistaken as freeware / shareware!
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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Important FOSS licenses
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important free / open source license
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BSD (Berkeley Systems Derivate) style license
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permits any use of the sourcecode as long as copyright notice remains
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GPL (GNU General Public License)
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source for resulting binary has to be provided
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ensures that derivates of free software are still free
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LGPL (GNU Lesser General Public License)
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permits linking with non-gpl code (mainly used for libraries)
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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History of Free / Open Source Software
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history of free / open source software
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initially software always for free in source (e.g. IBM S/360)
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as hardware gets less expensive, companies start to license software for money
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some people (Stallman, et. al.) didn't want to give up the freedom they're used to.
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1983: GNU project is founded, goal: Implementation of a free UNIX-like operating system
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1984: Free Software Foundation is established as non-for-profit legal entity behind the GNU project
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1991: Linus Torvalds releases the first version of the Linux Kernel under the GNU GPL license. Together with the other parts from the GNU project and others, a 100% free operating system is available
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1994-1999: FOSS is increasingly recognized as reliable, stable alternative to proprietary software, esp. in the server + networking market
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2000-2003: FOSS is increasingly considered as an alternative on the desktop (see recent decision by Munich city administration, respective laws in latin america, ...)
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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Who is behind FOSS?
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individuals
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computer enthusiasts motivated by
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fight: david <-> goliath
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ability to show how poorly implemented most proprietary software is
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ability to gain more experience / better reputation
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experienced end-users
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independent consultants
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looking for a solution to a particular problem and already have 95% by using existing FOSS
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organizations
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commercial entities who recognize the value of FOSS
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contributions to existing projects
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start of new projects
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contracting consultants and FOSS companies for implementation of missing features
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mixed FOSS / proprietary companies (like Astaro)
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use FOSS as foundation for their proprietary solutions
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have a vital need for a reliable and up-to-date foundation, thus contribute back to and/or fund FOSS
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academic institutions (e.g. exim, cyrus)
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are traditionally involved in the exchange of research results. Why treat software differently?
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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Development Process
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development process, communication
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everybody who agrees to the license can contribute code
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project is usually started by a single developer or a small group
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different actors in development process
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maintainer: official person to maintain the code, responsible
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core team: small group of leaders behind the project
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developers: people who write code on a regular basis
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contibutors: people who contribute a single feature or a bug fix from time to time
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users: people who use the software, often organized on mailinglists, newsgroups, user groups, ..
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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Development Process
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main communication medium are mailinglists
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every developer can be contacted directly via email
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leaders/managers are people with the best technical skills, unlike the 'commercial world' where you need certain diploma, connections, ...
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communication is random. no manager <-> manager talk about technical stuff they don't understand
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%page
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What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
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Thanks
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in the name of the netfilter/iptables project, thanks to Astaro for funding
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particular tasks on my schedule
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equipment (dual Opteron below my desk)
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my travel expenses to many FOSS conferences
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the netfilter developer workshop in August 2003 (Budapest, HU)
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