115 lines
3.1 KiB
Plaintext
115 lines
3.1 KiB
Plaintext
What is IPv6?
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Successor of currently used IP Version 4
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Specified 1995 in RFC? 2460
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Why?
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Address space in IPv4 too small
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Advantages?
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stateless autoconfiguration
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multicast obligatorisch
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IPsec obligatorisch
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Mobile IP
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QoS ?
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Address Renumbering?
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Multihoming?
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AddressScopes?
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smaller routing tables through G
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simplified l3 header
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64bit aligned
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no checksum (l4 or l2)
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no fragmentation at router
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Disadvantages
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Not widely deployed yet
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In most cases access only possible using manual tunnel
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OS support not ideal in most cases
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W2k?
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Linux has support, but no IPsec in official tree -> USAGI
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*BSD: full support (KAME
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Application support not ideal in most cases
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not supported:
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supported: bind8/9, apache
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Deployment
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Experimental 6bone (3ffe::) has been active since 199x.
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Uses slightly different Addressing Architecture (RFC2471)
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Why isn't it widely used yet?
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No immediate need in Europe / North America
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Big deployment cost at ISP's (Training, Routers, ..)
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Technical: Address Space
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IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture (RFC2373)
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Format prefix, variable length
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001: RFC2374 addresses, 1/8 of address space
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0000 001: Reserved for NSAP (1/128)
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0000 010: Reserved for IPX (1/128)
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1111 1110 10: link-local unicast addresses (1/1024)
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1111 1110 11: site-local unicast addresses (1/1024)
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1111 1111: multicast addresses
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1111 1111 flgs scop
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flgs (0: well-known, 1:transient)
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scop (0: reserved, 1: node-local, 2: link-local, 5: site-local, 8: organization-local, e: global scope, f: reserved)
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Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format (RFC2374)
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3bit FP (format prefix = 001)
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13bit TLA ID - Top-Level Aggregation ID
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13bit Sub-TLA - Sub-TLA Aggergation ID
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19bit NLA - Next-Level Aggregation ID
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16bit SLA - Site-Level Aggregation ID
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64bit Interface ID - derived from 48bit ethernet MAC
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2001:0000::/29 - 2001:01f8::/29 IANA
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2001:0200::/29 - 2001:03f8::/29 APNIC
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2001:0400::/29 - 2001:05f8::/29 ARIN
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2001:0600::/29 - 2001:07f8::/29 RIPE
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loopback
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::1
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unspecified:
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::0
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embedded ipv4
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IPv4-compatible address: 0::xxxx:xxxx
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IPv4-mapped IPv4 (IPv4 only node): 0::ffff:xxxx:xxxx
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anycast
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allocated from unicast addresses
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only subnet-router anycast address predefined (prefix::0000)
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Technical: Header
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4bit Version: 6
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8bit Traffic Class
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20bit Flow Label
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16bit Payload Length (incl. extension hdrs)
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8bit next header (same values like IPv4, RF1700 et seq.)
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8bit hop limit (TTL)
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128bit source address
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128bit dest address
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extension headers:
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hop-by-hop options
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routing
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fragment
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destination options
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authentication
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encapsulating security payload
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Technical: Layer 2 <-> Address mapping
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Ethernet: No more ARP, everything within ICMPv6
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No Broadcast, everything built using multicast.
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all-nodes multicast address ff02::1
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all-routers multicast address ff02::2
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Technical: Address Configuration
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router discovery
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routers periodically send router advertisements
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hosts can send router solicitation to explicitly request RADV
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prefix discovery
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router includes prefix(es) in ICMPv6 router advertisements
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other nodes receive prefix advertisements and derive their final address from prefix + EUI64 of MAC address
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