FOSS in the Mobile World GSM Network Architecture GSM is a bit-synchronous network it draws many analogies from ISDN and SDN layer 2 modelled after Q.921 / LAPD call signalling modelled Q.931 but: many more protocols for mobility management, radio resources, ... like all traditional Telco protocols: Intelligence in the network, not in the end nodes. GSM is a TDMA "nightmare" e.g. you never know from/for whom data is without the timing context