testing: Fix build of tkm and tkm-rpc

As used by the NetBeans IDE.

Closes strongswan/strongswan#505.

.github/workflows/sonarcloud.yml

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
       # for C builds, so we follow the "any CI" instructions
       - name: Install sonar-scanner
         env:
-          SONAR_SCANNER_VERSION: 4.4.0.2170
+          SONAR_SCANNER_VERSION: 4.6.2.2472
         run: |
           export SONAR_SCANNER_HOME=$HOME/.sonar/sonar-scanner-$SONAR_SCANNER_VERSION-linux
           curl --create-dirs -sSLo $HOME/.sonar/sonar-scanner.zip https://binaries.sonarsource.com/Distribution/sonar-scanner-cli/sonar-scanner-cli-$SONAR_SCANNER_VERSION-linux.zip

.gitignore

@@ -52,3 +52,4 @@ coverage/
 /*.files
 /*.includes
 test-driver
+nbproject/

scripts/git-version

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ TARBALL=$SRCDIR/.tarball-git-version
 if test -f $TARBALL; then
 	V=$(cat $TARBALL)
 elif test -d $SRCDIR/.git; then
-	V=$(git -C $SRCDIR describe --tags HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+	V=$(git -C $SRCDIR describe --exclude 'android-*' --tags HEAD 2>/dev/null)
 fi
 
 if test -z "$V"; then

scripts/test.sh

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ build_botan()
 
 build_wolfssl()
 {
-	WOLFSSL_REV=0caf3ba456f1 # v4.7.1r + SHA-3 fix
+	WOLFSSL_REV=v4.8.0-stable
 	WOLFSSL_DIR=$DEPS_BUILD_DIR/wolfssl
 
 	if test -d "$WOLFSSL_DIR"; then
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ sonarcloud)
 		-Dsonar.projectKey=${SONAR_PROJECT} \
 		-Dsonar.organization=${SONAR_ORGANIZATION} \
 		-Dsonar.login=${SONAR_TOKEN} \
-		-Dsonar.projectVersion=$(git describe)+${BUILD_NUMBER} \
+		-Dsonar.projectVersion=$(git describe --exclude 'android-*')+${BUILD_NUMBER} \
 		-Dsonar.sources=. \
 		-Dsonar.cfamily.threads=2 \
 		-Dsonar.cfamily.cache.enabled=true \

src/frontends/android/app/build.gradle

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
 
 android {
-    compileSdkVersion 29
+    compileSdkVersion 30
 
     defaultConfig {
         applicationId "org.strongswan.android"
         minSdkVersion 15
-        targetSdkVersion 29
-        versionCode 74
-        versionName "2.3.2"
+        targetSdkVersion 30
+        versionCode 75
+        versionName "2.3.3"
     }
 
     sourceSets.main {
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ android {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0'
+    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.0'
     implementation 'androidx.preference:preference:1.1.1'
     implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
-    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.2.1'
-    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
-    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:2.28.2'
-    testImplementation 'org.powermock:powermock-core:2.0.2'
-    testImplementation 'org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:2.0.2'
-    testImplementation 'org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito2:2.0.2'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.4.0'
+    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
+    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:3.11.2'
+    testImplementation 'org.powermock:powermock-core:2.0.9'
+    testImplementation 'org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:2.0.9'
+    testImplementation 'org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito2:2.0.9'
 }

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS" />
+    <!-- necessary to allow users to select ex-/included apps and EAP-TNC -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"
+        tools:ignore="QueryAllPackagesPermission" />
 
     <application
         android:name=".logic.StrongSwanApplication"

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/logic/CharonVpnService.java

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ public class CharonVpnService extends VpnService implements Runnable, VpnStateSe
 		mAppDir = getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath();
 
 		/* handler used to do changes in the main UI thread */
-		mHandler = new Handler();
+		mHandler = new Handler(getMainLooper());
 
 		mDataSource = new VpnProfileDataSource(this);
 		mDataSource.open();

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/logic/StrongSwanApplication.java

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 package org.strongswan.android.logic;
 
 import java.security.Security;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
 import org.strongswan.android.security.LocalCertificateKeyStoreProvider;
 import org.strongswan.android.ui.MainActivity;
@@ -23,10 +26,16 @@ import org.strongswan.android.ui.MainActivity;
 import android.app.Application;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+
+import androidx.core.os.HandlerCompat;
 
 public class StrongSwanApplication extends Application
 {
 	private static Context mContext;
+	private final ExecutorService mExecutorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
+	private final Handler mMainHandler = HandlerCompat.createAsync(Looper.getMainLooper());
 
 	static {
 		Security.addProvider(new LocalCertificateKeyStoreProvider());
@@ -48,6 +57,24 @@ public class StrongSwanApplication extends Application
 		return StrongSwanApplication.mContext;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns a thread pool to run tasks in separate threads
+	 * @return thread pool
+	 */
+	public Executor getExecutor()
+	{
+		return mExecutorService;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a handler to execute stuff by the main thread.
+	 * @return handler
+	 */
+	public Handler getHandler()
+	{
+		return mMainHandler;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * The libraries are extracted to /data/data/org.strongswan.android/...
 	 * during installation.  On newer releases most are loaded in JNI_OnLoad.

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/logic/VpnStateService.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ public class VpnStateService extends Service
 	{
 		/* this handler allows us to notify listeners from the UI thread and
 		 * not from the threads that actually report any state changes */
-		mHandler = new RetryHandler(this);
+		mHandler = new RetryHandler(getMainLooper(), this);
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -536,8 +537,9 @@ public class VpnStateService extends Service
 	private static class RetryHandler extends Handler {
 		WeakReference<VpnStateService> mService;
 
-		public RetryHandler(VpnStateService service)
+		public RetryHandler(Looper looper, VpnStateService service)
 		{
+			super(looper);
 			mService = new WeakReference<>(service);
 		}
 

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/LogFragment.java

@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@
 package org.strongswan.android.ui;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.FileObserver;
 import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
 import android.view.LayoutInflater;
 import android.view.View;
 import android.view.ViewGroup;
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ import java.io.StringReader;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
 import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
 
 public class LogFragment extends Fragment
@@ -55,9 +58,17 @@ public class LogFragment extends Fragment
 
 		mLogFilePath = getActivity().getFilesDir() + File.separator + CharonVpnService.LOG_FILE;
 
-		mLogHandler = new Handler();
+		mLogHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
 
-		mDirectoryObserver = new LogDirectoryObserver(getActivity().getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath());
+		File logdir = getActivity().getFilesDir();
+		if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+		{
+			mDirectoryObserver = new LogDirectoryObserver(logdir);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			mDirectoryObserver = new LogDirectoryObserver(logdir.getAbsolutePath());
+		}
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -223,14 +234,20 @@ public class LogFragment extends Fragment
 	 */
 	private class LogDirectoryObserver extends FileObserver
 	{
-		private final File mFile;
-		private long mSize;
+		private static final int mMask = FileObserver.CREATE | FileObserver.MODIFY | FileObserver.DELETE;
+		private final File mFile = new File(mLogFilePath);
+		private long mSize = mFile.length();
 
+		@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 		public LogDirectoryObserver(String path)
 		{
-			super(path, FileObserver.CREATE | FileObserver.MODIFY | FileObserver.DELETE);
-			mFile = new File(mLogFilePath);
-			mSize = mFile.length();
+			super(path, mMask);
+		}
+
+		@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+		public LogDirectoryObserver(File path)
+		{
+			super(path, mMask);
 		}
 
 		@Override

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/MainActivity.java

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ package org.strongswan.android.ui;
 import android.app.Dialog;
 import android.content.DialogInterface;
 import android.content.Intent;
-import android.os.AsyncTask;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.text.format.Formatter;
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ import android.widget.Toast;
 
 import org.strongswan.android.R;
 import org.strongswan.android.data.VpnProfile;
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.StrongSwanApplication;
 import org.strongswan.android.logic.TrustedCertificateManager;
 import org.strongswan.android.ui.VpnProfileListFragment.OnVpnProfileSelectedListener;
 
@@ -68,8 +68,10 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnVpnProfileSelec
 		bar.setDisplayShowTitleEnabled(false);
 		bar.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_app);
 
-		/* load CA certificates in a background task */
-		new LoadCertificatesTask().executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
+		/* load CA certificates in a background thread */
+		((StrongSwanApplication)getApplication()).getExecutor().execute(() -> {
+			TrustedCertificateManager.getInstance().load();
+		});
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -157,18 +159,6 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnVpnProfileSelec
 		dialog.show(this.getSupportFragmentManager(), DIALOG_TAG);
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Class that loads the cached CA certificates.
-	 */
-	private class LoadCertificatesTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, TrustedCertificateManager>
-	{
-		@Override
-		protected TrustedCertificateManager doInBackground(Void... params)
-		{
-			return TrustedCertificateManager.getInstance().load();
-		}
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Dismiss dialog if shown
 	 */

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/RemediationInstructionFragment.java

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ import android.widget.TextView;
 import org.strongswan.android.R;
 import org.strongswan.android.logic.imc.RemediationInstruction;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.fragment.app.ListFragment;
 
 public class RemediationInstructionFragment extends ListFragment
@@ -49,9 +51,9 @@ public class RemediationInstructionFragment extends ListFragment
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState)
+	public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState)
 	{
-		super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
+		super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
 
 		if (savedInstanceState != null)
 		{

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/RemediationInstructionsFragment.java

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ import org.strongswan.android.ui.adapter.RemediationInstructionAdapter;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.fragment.app.ListFragment;
 
 public class RemediationInstructionsFragment extends ListFragment
@@ -46,9 +48,9 @@ public class RemediationInstructionsFragment extends ListFragment
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState)
+	public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState)
 	{
-		super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
+		super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
 
 		if (savedInstanceState != null)
 		{

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/SelectedApplicationsListFragment.java

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.SortedSet;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.appcompat.widget.SearchView;
 import androidx.fragment.app.ListFragment;
@@ -53,9 +54,9 @@ public class SelectedApplicationsListFragment extends ListFragment implements Lo
 	private SortedSet<String> mSelection;
 
 	@Override
-	public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState)
+	public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState)
 	{
-		super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
+		super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
 		setHasOptionsMenu(true);
 
 		getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_MULTIPLE);

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/TrustedCertificateImportActivity.java

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 package org.strongswan.android.ui;
 
 import android.annotation.TargetApi;
-import android.app.Activity;
 import android.app.Dialog;
 import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException;
 import android.content.DialogInterface;
@@ -37,6 +36,8 @@ import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
 import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
 
+import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher;
+import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDialogFragment;
@@ -44,10 +45,21 @@ import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;
 
 public class TrustedCertificateImportActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 {
-	private static final int OPEN_DOCUMENT = 0;
 	private static final String DIALOG_TAG = "Dialog";
 	private Uri mCertificateUri;
 
+	private final ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> mOpenDocument = registerForActivityResult(
+		new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
+		result -> {
+			if (result.getResultCode() == RESULT_OK && result.getData() != null)
+			{
+				mCertificateUri = result.getData().getData();
+				return;
+			}
+			finish();
+		}
+	);
+
 	@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
 	@Override
 	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
@@ -71,7 +83,7 @@ public class TrustedCertificateImportActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 			openIntent.setType("*/*");
 			try
 			{
-				startActivityForResult(openIntent, OPEN_DOCUMENT);
+				mOpenDocument.launch(openIntent);
 			}
 			catch (ActivityNotFoundException e)
 			{	/* some devices are unable to browse for files */
@@ -81,23 +93,6 @@ public class TrustedCertificateImportActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 		}
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
-	{
-		super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
-		switch (requestCode)
-		{
-			case OPEN_DOCUMENT:
-				if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK && data != null)
-				{
-					mCertificateUri = data.getData();
-					return;
-				}
-				finish();
-				return;
-		}
-	}
-
 	@Override
 	protected void onPostResume()
 	{
@@ -214,7 +209,7 @@ public class TrustedCertificateImportActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 						if (activity.storeCertificate(certificate))
 						{
 							Toast.makeText(getActivity(), R.string.cert_imported_successfully, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
-							getActivity().setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK);
+							getActivity().setResult(RESULT_OK);
 						}
 						else
 						{

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/TrustedCertificateListFragment.java

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Observable;
 import java.util.Observer;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.fragment.app.ListFragment;
 import androidx.loader.app.LoaderManager;
 import androidx.loader.app.LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks;
@@ -63,9 +65,9 @@ public class TrustedCertificateListFragment extends ListFragment implements Load
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState)
+	public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState)
 	{
-		super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
+		super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
 		setHasOptionsMenu(true);
 
 		setEmptyText(getString(R.string.no_certificates));

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/TrustedCertificatesActivity.java

@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 
 package org.strongswan.android.ui;
 
-import android.app.Activity;
-import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
@@ -24,6 +22,7 @@ import android.view.Menu;
 import android.view.MenuItem;
 
 import com.google.android.material.tabs.TabLayout;
+import com.google.android.material.tabs.TabLayoutMediator;
 
 import org.strongswan.android.R;
 import org.strongswan.android.data.VpnProfileDataSource;
@@ -34,22 +33,34 @@ import org.strongswan.android.ui.CertificateDeleteConfirmationDialog.OnCertifica
 
 import java.security.KeyStore;
 
+import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher;
+import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.ActionBar;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
 import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
-import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
-import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentPagerAdapter;
-import androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager;
+import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity;
+import androidx.viewpager2.adapter.FragmentStateAdapter;
+import androidx.viewpager2.widget.ViewPager2;
 
 public class TrustedCertificatesActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements TrustedCertificateListFragment.OnTrustedCertificateSelectedListener, OnCertificateDeleteListener
 {
 	public static final String SELECT_CERTIFICATE = "org.strongswan.android.action.SELECT_CERTIFICATE";
 	private static final String DIALOG_TAG = "Dialog";
-	private static final int IMPORT_CERTIFICATE = 0;
 	private TrustedCertificatesPagerAdapter mAdapter;
-	private ViewPager mPager;
+	private ViewPager2 mPager;
 	private boolean mSelect;
 
+	private final ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> mImportCertificate = registerForActivityResult(
+		new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
+		result -> {
+			if (result.getResultCode() == RESULT_OK)
+			{
+				reloadCertificates();
+			}
+		}
+	);
+
 	@Override
 	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
 	{
@@ -59,13 +70,15 @@ public class TrustedCertificatesActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Tr
 		ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
 		actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
 
-		mAdapter = new TrustedCertificatesPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(), this);
+		mAdapter = new TrustedCertificatesPagerAdapter(this);
 
-		mPager = (ViewPager)findViewById(R.id.viewpager);
+		mPager = (ViewPager2)findViewById(R.id.viewpager);
 		mPager.setAdapter(mAdapter);
 
 		TabLayout tabs = (TabLayout)findViewById(R.id.tabs);
-		tabs.setupWithViewPager(mPager);
+		new TabLayoutMediator(tabs, mPager, (tab, position) -> {
+			tab.setText(mAdapter.getTitle(position));
+		}).attach();
 
 		mSelect = SELECT_CERTIFICATE.equals(getIntent().getAction());
 	}
@@ -100,27 +113,12 @@ public class TrustedCertificatesActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Tr
 				return true;
 			case R.id.menu_import_certificate:
 				Intent intent = new Intent(this, TrustedCertificateImportActivity.class);
-				startActivityForResult(intent, IMPORT_CERTIFICATE);
+				mImportCertificate.launch(intent);
 				return true;
 		}
 		return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
-	{
-		switch (requestCode)
-		{
-			case IMPORT_CERTIFICATE:
-				if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK)
-				{
-					reloadCertificates();
-				}
-				return;
-		}
-		super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
-	}
-
 	@Override
 	public void onTrustedCertificateSelected(TrustedCertificateEntry selected)
 	{
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ public class TrustedCertificatesActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Tr
 			/* the user selected a certificate, return to calling activity */
 			Intent intent = new Intent();
 			intent.putExtra(VpnProfileDataSource.KEY_CERTIFICATE, selected.getAlias());
-			setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
+			setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);
 			finish();
 		}
 		else if (mAdapter.getSource(mPager.getCurrentItem()) == TrustedCertificateSource.LOCAL)
@@ -163,28 +161,21 @@ public class TrustedCertificatesActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Tr
 		TrustedCertificateManager.getInstance().reset();
 	}
 
-	public static class TrustedCertificatesPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter
+	public static class TrustedCertificatesPagerAdapter extends FragmentStateAdapter
 	{
 		private TrustedCertificatesTab mTabs[];
 
-		public TrustedCertificatesPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm, Context context)
+		public TrustedCertificatesPagerAdapter(@NonNull FragmentActivity fragmentActivity)
 		{
-			super(fm, BEHAVIOR_RESUME_ONLY_CURRENT_FRAGMENT);
+			super(fragmentActivity);
 			mTabs = new TrustedCertificatesTab[]{
-				new TrustedCertificatesTab(context.getString(R.string.system_tab), TrustedCertificateSource.SYSTEM),
-				new TrustedCertificatesTab(context.getString(R.string.user_tab), TrustedCertificateSource.USER),
-				new TrustedCertificatesTab(context.getString(R.string.local_tab), TrustedCertificateSource.LOCAL),
+				new TrustedCertificatesTab(fragmentActivity.getString(R.string.system_tab), TrustedCertificateSource.SYSTEM),
+				new TrustedCertificatesTab(fragmentActivity.getString(R.string.user_tab), TrustedCertificateSource.USER),
+				new TrustedCertificatesTab(fragmentActivity.getString(R.string.local_tab), TrustedCertificateSource.LOCAL),
 			};
 		}
 
-		@Override
-		public int getCount()
-		{
-			return mTabs.length;
-		}
-
-		@Override
-		public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position)
+		public CharSequence getTitle(int position)
 		{
 			return mTabs[position].getTitle();
 		}
@@ -195,7 +186,14 @@ public class TrustedCertificatesActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Tr
 		}
 
 		@Override
-		public Fragment getItem(int position)
+		public int getItemCount()
+		{
+			return mTabs.length;
+		}
+
+		@NonNull
+		@Override
+		public Fragment createFragment(int position)
 		{
 			TrustedCertificateListFragment fragment = new TrustedCertificateListFragment();
 			Bundle args = new Bundle();

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/VpnProfileControlActivity.java

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ import org.strongswan.android.logic.VpnStateService;
 import org.strongswan.android.logic.VpnStateService.State;
 import org.strongswan.android.utils.Constants;
 
+import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher;
+import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts;
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
@@ -59,8 +61,6 @@ public class VpnProfileControlActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 	public static final String DISCONNECT = "org.strongswan.android.action.DISCONNECT";
 	public static final String EXTRA_VPN_PROFILE_ID = "org.strongswan.android.VPN_PROFILE_ID";
 
-	private static final int PREPARE_VPN_SERVICE = 0;
-	private static final int ADD_TO_POWER_WHITELIST = 1;
 	private static final String WAITING_FOR_RESULT = "WAITING_FOR_RESULT";
 	private static final String PROFILE_NAME = "PROFILE_NAME";
 	private static final String PROFILE_REQUIRES_PASSWORD = "REQUIRES_PASSWORD";
@@ -87,6 +87,33 @@ public class VpnProfileControlActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 		}
 	};
 
+	private final ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> mPrepareVpnService = registerForActivityResult(
+		new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
+		result -> {
+			mWaitingForResult = false;
+			if (result.getResultCode() == RESULT_OK && mProfileInfo != null)
+			{
+				onVpnServicePrepared();
+			}
+			else
+			{	/* this happens if the always-on VPN feature is activated by a different app or the user declined */
+				VpnNotSupportedError.showWithMessage(this, R.string.vpn_not_supported_no_permission);
+			}
+		}
+	);
+
+	private final ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> mAddToPowerWhitelist = registerForActivityResult(
+		new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
+		result -> {
+			mWaitingForResult = false;
+			if (mProfileInfo != null && mService != null)
+			{
+				mService.connect(mProfileInfo, true);
+			}
+			finish();
+		}
+	);
+
 	@Override
 	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
 	{
@@ -173,7 +200,7 @@ public class VpnProfileControlActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 			try
 			{
 				mWaitingForResult = true;
-				startActivityForResult(intent, PREPARE_VPN_SERVICE);
+				mPrepareVpnService.launch(intent);
 			}
 			catch (ActivityNotFoundException ex)
 			{
@@ -187,7 +214,23 @@ public class VpnProfileControlActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 		}
 		else
 		{	/* user already granted permission to use VpnService */
-			onActivityResult(PREPARE_VPN_SERVICE, RESULT_OK, null);
+			onVpnServicePrepared();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Called once the VpnService has been prepared and permission has been granted
+	 * by the user.
+	 */
+	protected void onVpnServicePrepared()
+	{
+		if (checkPowerWhitelist())
+		{
+			if (mService != null)
+			{
+				mService.connect(mProfileInfo, true);
+			}
+			finish();
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -219,48 +262,6 @@ public class VpnProfileControlActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
-	{
-		switch (requestCode)
-		{
-			case PREPARE_VPN_SERVICE:
-				mWaitingForResult = false;
-				if (resultCode == RESULT_OK && mProfileInfo != null)
-				{
-					if (checkPowerWhitelist())
-					{
-						if (mService != null)
-						{
-							mService.connect(mProfileInfo, true);
-						}
-						finish();
-					}
-				}
-				else
-				{	/* this happens if the always-on VPN feature is activated by a different app or the user declined */
-					if (getSupportFragmentManager().isStateSaved())
-					{	/* onActivityResult() might be called when we aren't active anymore e.g. if the
-						 * user pressed the home button, if the activity is started again we land here
-						 * before onNewIntent() is called */
-						return;
-					}
-					VpnNotSupportedError.showWithMessage(this, R.string.vpn_not_supported_no_permission);
-				}
-				break;
-			case ADD_TO_POWER_WHITELIST:
-				mWaitingForResult = false;
-				if (mProfileInfo != null && mService != null)
-				{
-					mService.connect(mProfileInfo, true);
-				}
-				finish();
-				break;
-			default:
-				super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
-		}
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Check if we are currently connected to a VPN connection
 	 *
@@ -597,7 +598,7 @@ public class VpnProfileControlActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 					activity.mWaitingForResult = true;
 					Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS,
 											   Uri.parse("package:" + activity.getPackageName()));
-					activity.startActivityForResult(intent, ADD_TO_POWER_WHITELIST);
+					activity.mAddToPowerWhitelist.launch(intent);
 				}).create();
 		}
 

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/VpnProfileDetailActivity.java

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ import android.app.Dialog;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.DialogInterface;
 import android.content.Intent;
-import android.os.AsyncTask;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
 import android.security.KeyChain;
 import android.security.KeyChainAliasCallback;
 import android.security.KeyChainException;
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ import android.view.ViewGroup;
 import android.widget.AdapterView;
 import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener;
 import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
+import android.widget.Button;
 import android.widget.CheckBox;
 import android.widget.CompoundButton;
 import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
@@ -50,7 +51,6 @@ import android.widget.EditText;
 import android.widget.MultiAutoCompleteTextView;
 import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
 import android.widget.Spinner;
-import android.widget.Switch;
 import android.widget.TextView;
 
 import org.strongswan.android.R;
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ import org.strongswan.android.data.VpnProfile.SelectedAppsHandling;
 import org.strongswan.android.data.VpnProfileDataSource;
 import org.strongswan.android.data.VpnType;
 import org.strongswan.android.data.VpnType.VpnTypeFeature;
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.StrongSwanApplication;
 import org.strongswan.android.logic.TrustedCertificateManager;
 import org.strongswan.android.security.TrustedCertificateEntry;
 import org.strongswan.android.ui.adapter.CertificateIdentitiesAdapter;
@@ -73,18 +74,19 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.SortedSet;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
+import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher;
+import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDialogFragment;
+import androidx.appcompat.widget.SwitchCompat;
 import androidx.core.text.HtmlCompat;
 import androidx.localbroadcastmanager.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
 
 public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 {
-	private static final int SELECT_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE = 0;
-	private static final int SELECT_APPLICATIONS = 1;
-
 	private VpnProfileDataSource mDataSource;
 	private Long mId;
 	private TrustedCertificateEntry mCertEntry;
@@ -119,12 +121,12 @@ public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 	private TextInputLayoutHelper mMTUWrap;
 	private EditText mPort;
 	private TextInputLayoutHelper mPortWrap;
-	private Switch mCertReq;
-	private Switch mUseCrl;
-	private Switch mUseOcsp;
-	private Switch mStrictRevocation;
-	private Switch mRsaPss;
-	private Switch mIPv6Transport;
+	private SwitchCompat mCertReq;
+	private SwitchCompat mUseCrl;
+	private SwitchCompat mUseOcsp;
+	private SwitchCompat mStrictRevocation;
+	private SwitchCompat mRsaPss;
+	private SwitchCompat mIPv6Transport;
 	private EditText mNATKeepalive;
 	private TextInputLayoutHelper mNATKeepaliveWrap;
 	private EditText mIncludedSubnets;
@@ -144,6 +146,41 @@ public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 	private EditText mDnsServers;
 	private TextInputLayoutHelper mDnsServersWrap;
 
+	private final ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> mInstallPKCS12 = registerForActivityResult(
+		new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
+		result -> {
+			if (result.getResultCode() == RESULT_OK)
+			{
+				mSelectUserCert.performClick();
+			}
+		}
+	);
+
+	private final ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> mSelectTrustedCertificate = registerForActivityResult(
+		new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
+		result -> {
+			if (result.getResultCode() == RESULT_OK)
+			{
+				String alias = result.getData().getStringExtra(VpnProfileDataSource.KEY_CERTIFICATE);
+				X509Certificate certificate = TrustedCertificateManager.getInstance().getCACertificateFromAlias(alias);
+				mCertEntry = certificate == null ? null : new TrustedCertificateEntry(alias, certificate);
+				updateCertificateSelector();
+			}
+		}
+	);
+
+	private final ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> mSelectApplications = registerForActivityResult(
+		new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
+		result -> {
+			if (result.getResultCode() == RESULT_OK)
+			{
+				ArrayList<String> selection = result.getData().getStringArrayListExtra(VpnProfileDataSource.KEY_SELECTED_APPS_LIST);
+				mSelectedApps = new TreeSet<>(selection);
+				updateAppsSelector();
+			}
+		}
+	);
+
 	@Override
 	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
 	{
@@ -190,7 +227,7 @@ public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 		mPortWrap = (TextInputLayoutHelper) findViewById(R.id.port_wrap);
 		mNATKeepalive = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.nat_keepalive);
 		mNATKeepaliveWrap = (TextInputLayoutHelper) findViewById(R.id.nat_keepalive_wrap);
-		mCertReq = (Switch)findViewById(R.id.cert_req);
+		mCertReq = findViewById(R.id.cert_req);
 		mUseCrl = findViewById(R.id.use_crl);
 		mUseOcsp = findViewById(R.id.use_ocsp);
 		mStrictRevocation= findViewById(R.id.strict_revocation);
@@ -283,6 +320,10 @@ public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 		});
 
 		mSelectUserCert.setOnClickListener(new SelectUserCertOnClickListener());
+		((Button)findViewById(R.id.install_user_certificate)).setOnClickListener(v -> {
+			Intent intent = KeyChain.createInstallIntent();
+			mInstallPKCS12.launch(intent);
+		});
 		mSelectUserIdAdapter = new CertificateIdentitiesAdapter(this);
 		mLocalId.setAdapter(mSelectUserIdAdapter);
 
@@ -300,7 +341,7 @@ public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 			{
 				Intent intent = new Intent(VpnProfileDetailActivity.this, TrustedCertificatesActivity.class);
 				intent.setAction(TrustedCertificatesActivity.SELECT_CERTIFICATE);
-				startActivityForResult(intent, SELECT_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE);
+				mSelectTrustedCertificate.launch(intent);
 			}
 		});
 
@@ -334,7 +375,7 @@ public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 			{
 				Intent intent = new Intent(VpnProfileDetailActivity.this, SelectedApplicationsActivity.class);
 				intent.putExtra(VpnProfileDataSource.KEY_SELECTED_APPS_LIST, new ArrayList<>(mSelectedApps));
-				startActivityForResult(intent, SELECT_APPLICATIONS);
+				mSelectApplications.launch(intent);
 			}
 		});
 
@@ -404,33 +445,6 @@ public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 		}
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
-	{
-		switch (requestCode)
-		{
-			case SELECT_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE:
-				if (resultCode == RESULT_OK)
-				{
-					String alias = data.getStringExtra(VpnProfileDataSource.KEY_CERTIFICATE);
-					X509Certificate certificate = TrustedCertificateManager.getInstance().getCACertificateFromAlias(alias);
-					mCertEntry = certificate == null ? null : new TrustedCertificateEntry(alias, certificate);
-					updateCertificateSelector();
-				}
-				break;
-			case SELECT_APPLICATIONS:
-				if (resultCode == RESULT_OK)
-				{
-					ArrayList<String> selection = data.getStringArrayListExtra(VpnProfileDataSource.KEY_SELECTED_APPS_LIST);
-					mSelectedApps = new TreeSet<>(selection);
-					updateAppsSelector();
-				}
-				break;
-			default:
-				super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
-		}
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Update the UI to enter credentials depending on the type of VPN currently selected
 	 */
@@ -791,9 +805,22 @@ public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 		useralias = savedInstanceState == null ? useralias : savedInstanceState.getString(VpnProfileDataSource.KEY_USER_CERTIFICATE);
 		if (useralias != null)
 		{
-			UserCertificateLoader loader = new UserCertificateLoader(this, useralias);
 			mUserCertLoading = useralias;
-			loader.execute();
+			UserCertificateLoader loader = new UserCertificateLoader(((StrongSwanApplication)getApplication()).getExecutor(),
+																	 ((StrongSwanApplication)getApplication()).getHandler());
+			loader.loadCertifiate(this, useralias, result -> {
+				if (result != null)
+				{
+					mUserCertEntry = new TrustedCertificateEntry(mUserCertLoading, result);
+				}
+				else
+				{	/* previously selected certificate is not here anymore */
+					((TextView)mSelectUserCert.findViewById(android.R.id.text1)).setError("");
+					mUserCertEntry = null;
+				}
+				mUserCertLoading = null;
+				updateCredentialView();
+			});
 		}
 
 		/* check if the user selected a CA certificate previously */
@@ -961,55 +988,53 @@ public class VpnProfileDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Callback interface for the user certificate loader.
+	 */
+	private interface UserCertificateLoaderCallback {
+		void onComplete(X509Certificate result);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Load the selected user certificate asynchronously.  This cannot be done
 	 * from the main thread as getCertificateChain() calls back to our main
 	 * thread to bind to the KeyChain service resulting in a deadlock.
 	 */
-	private class UserCertificateLoader extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, X509Certificate>
+	private class UserCertificateLoader
 	{
-		private final Context mContext;
-		private final String mAlias;
+		private final Executor mExecutor;
+		private final Handler mHandler;
 
-		public UserCertificateLoader(Context context, String alias)
+		public UserCertificateLoader(Executor executor, Handler handler)
 		{
-			mContext = context;
-			mAlias = alias;
+			mExecutor = executor;
+			mHandler = handler;
 		}
 
-		@Override
-		protected X509Certificate doInBackground(Void... params)
+		public void loadCertifiate(Context context, String alias, UserCertificateLoaderCallback callback)
 		{
-			X509Certificate[] chain = null;
-			try
-			{
-				chain = KeyChain.getCertificateChain(mContext, mAlias);
-			}
-			catch (KeyChainException | InterruptedException e)
-			{
-				e.printStackTrace();
-			}
-			if (chain != null && chain.length > 0)
-			{
-				return chain[0];
-			}
-			return null;
+			mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+				X509Certificate[] chain = null;
+				try
+				{
+					chain = KeyChain.getCertificateChain(context, alias);
+				}
+				catch (KeyChainException | InterruptedException e)
+				{
+					e.printStackTrace();
+				}
+				if (chain != null && chain.length > 0)
+				{
+					complete(chain[0], callback);
+					return;
+				}
+				complete(null, callback);
+			});
 		}
 
-		@Override
-		protected void onPostExecute(X509Certificate result)
+		protected void complete(X509Certificate result, UserCertificateLoaderCallback callback)
 		{
-			if (result != null)
-			{
-				mUserCertEntry = new TrustedCertificateEntry(mAlias, result);
-			}
-			else
-			{	/* previously selected certificate is not here anymore */
-				((TextView)mSelectUserCert.findViewById(android.R.id.text1)).setError("");
-				mUserCertEntry = null;
-			}
-			mUserCertLoading = null;
-			updateCredentialView();
+			mHandler.post(() -> callback.onComplete(result));
 		}
 	}
 

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/VpnProfileImportActivity.java

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 
 package org.strongswan.android.ui;
 
-import android.app.Activity;
 import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException;
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -74,6 +73,8 @@ import java.util.UUID;
 
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
 
+import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher;
+import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
 import androidx.loader.app.LoaderManager;
 import androidx.loader.content.AsyncTaskLoader;
@@ -84,8 +85,6 @@ public class VpnProfileImportActivity extends AppCompatActivity
 {
 	private static final String PKCS12_INSTALLED = "PKCS12_INSTALLED";
 	private static final String PROFILE_URI = "PROFILE_URI";
-	private static final int INSTALL_PKCS12 = 0;