Eliminate an ifdef and a label by moving all the CONFIG_DEBUG_VM checking
inside the locked region.
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
page_get_cache() does not need to call compound_head(), as its unique
caller virt_to_slab() already makes sure to return a head page.
Additionally, removing the compound_head() call makes page_get_cache()
consistent with page_get_slab().
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
When freeing objects, the slub allocator will most of the time free
empty pages by calling __free_pages(). But high-order kmalloc will be
diposed by means of put_page() instead. It makes no sense to call
put_page() in kernel pages that are provided by the object allocators,
so we shouldn't be doing this ourselves. Aside from the consistency
change, we don't change the flow too much. put_page()'s would call its
dtor function, which is __free_pages. We also already do all of the
Compound page tests ourselves, and the Mlock test we lose don't really
matter.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Fixes uninitialized variable warning on 'type' in frontswap_shrink().
type is set before use by __frontswap_unuse_pages() called by
__frontswap_shrink() called by frontswap_shrink() before use by
try_to_unuse().
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Move unplugging for direct I/O from around ->direct_IO() down to
do_blockdev_direct_IO(). This implicitly adds plugging for direct
writes.
CC: Li Shaohua <shli@fusionio.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Buffered write(2) is not directly tied to IO, so it's not suitable to
handle plug in generic_file_aio_write().
Note that plugging for O_SYNC writes is also removed. The user may pass
arbitrary @size arguments, which may be much larger than the preferable
I/O size, or may cross extent/device boundaries. Let the lower layers
handle the plugging. The plugging code here actually turns them into
no-ops.
CC: Li Shaohua <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Finally we can kill the 'sync_supers' kernel thread along with the
'->write_super()' superblock operation because all the users are gone.
Now every file-system is supposed to self-manage own superblock and
its dirty state.
The nice thing about killing this thread is that it improves power management.
Indeed, 'sync_supers' is a source of monotonic system wake-ups - it woke up
every 5 seconds no matter what - even if there were no dirty superblocks and
even if there were no file-systems using this service (e.g., btrfs and
journalled ext4 do not need it). So it was wasting power most of the time. And
because the thread was in the core of the kernel, all systems had to have it.
So I am quite happy to make it go away.
Interestingly, this thread is a left-over from the pdflush kernel thread which
was a self-forking kernel thread responsible for all the write-back in old
Linux kernels. It was turned into per-block device BDI threads, and
'sync_supers' was a left-over. Thus, R.I.P, pdflush as well.
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Borislav Petkov reports that the new warning added in commit
88fdf75d1b ("mm: warn if pg_data_t isn't initialized with zero")
triggers for him, and it is the node_start_pfn field that has already
been initialized once.
The call trace looks like this:
x86_64_start_kernel ->
x86_64_start_reservations ->
start_kernel ->
setup_arch ->
paging_init ->
zone_sizes_init ->
free_area_init_nodes ->
free_area_init_node
and (with the warning replaced by debug output), Borislav sees
On node 0 totalpages: 4193848
DMA zone: 64 pages used for memmap
DMA zone: 6 pages reserved
DMA zone: 3890 pages, LIFO batch:0
DMA32 zone: 16320 pages used for memmap
DMA32 zone: 798464 pages, LIFO batch:31
Normal zone: 52736 pages used for memmap
Normal zone: 3322368 pages, LIFO batch:31
free_area_init_node: pgdat->node_start_pfn: 4423680 <----
On node 1 totalpages: 4194304
Normal zone: 65536 pages used for memmap
Normal zone: 4128768 pages, LIFO batch:31
free_area_init_node: pgdat->node_start_pfn: 8617984 <----
On node 2 totalpages: 4194304
Normal zone: 65536 pages used for memmap
Normal zone: 4128768 pages, LIFO batch:31
free_area_init_node: pgdat->node_start_pfn: 12812288 <----
On node 3 totalpages: 4194304
Normal zone: 65536 pages used for memmap
Normal zone: 4128768 pages, LIFO batch:31
so remove the bogus warning for now to avoid annoying people. Minchan
Kim is looking at it.
Reported-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@amd64.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull second vfs pile from Al Viro:
"The stuff in there: fsfreeze deadlock fixes by Jan (essentially, the
deadlock reproduced by xfstests 068), symlink and hardlink restriction
patches, plus assorted cleanups and fixes.
Note that another fsfreeze deadlock (emergency thaw one) is *not*
dealt with - the series by Fernando conflicts a lot with Jan's, breaks
userland ABI (FIFREEZE semantics gets changed) and trades the deadlock
for massive vfsmount leak; this is going to be handled next cycle.
There probably will be another pull request, but that stuff won't be
in it."
Fix up trivial conflicts due to unrelated changes next to each other in
drivers/{staging/gdm72xx/usb_boot.c, usb/gadget/storage_common.c}
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (54 commits)
delousing target_core_file a bit
Documentation: Correct s_umount state for freeze_fs/unfreeze_fs
fs: Remove old freezing mechanism
ext2: Implement freezing
btrfs: Convert to new freezing mechanism
nilfs2: Convert to new freezing mechanism
ntfs: Convert to new freezing mechanism
fuse: Convert to new freezing mechanism
gfs2: Convert to new freezing mechanism
ocfs2: Convert to new freezing mechanism
xfs: Convert to new freezing code
ext4: Convert to new freezing mechanism
fs: Protect write paths by sb_start_write - sb_end_write
fs: Skip atime update on frozen filesystem
fs: Add freezing handling to mnt_want_write() / mnt_drop_write()
fs: Improve filesystem freezing handling
switch the protection of percpu_counter list to spinlock
nfsd: Push mnt_want_write() outside of i_mutex
btrfs: Push mnt_want_write() outside of i_mutex
fat: Push mnt_want_write() outside of i_mutex
...
Pull core block IO bits from Jens Axboe:
"The most complicated part if this is the request allocation rework by
Tejun, which has been queued up for a long time and has been in
for-next ditto as well.
There are a few commits from yesterday and today, mostly trivial and
obvious fixes. So I'm pretty confident that it is sound. It's also
smaller than usual."
* 'for-3.6/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
block: remove dead func declaration
block: add partition resize function to blkpg ioctl
block: uninitialized ioc->nr_tasks triggers WARN_ON
block: do not artificially constrain max_sectors for stacking drivers
blkcg: implement per-blkg request allocation
block: prepare for multiple request_lists
block: add q->nr_rqs[] and move q->rq.elvpriv to q->nr_rqs_elvpriv
blkcg: inline bio_blkcg() and friends
block: allocate io_context upfront
block: refactor get_request[_wait]()
block: drop custom queue draining used by scsi_transport_{iscsi|fc}
mempool: add @gfp_mask to mempool_create_node()
blkcg: make root blkcg allocation use %GFP_KERNEL
blkcg: __blkg_lookup_create() doesn't need radix preload
Merge Andrew's second set of patches:
- MM
- a few random fixes
- a couple of RTC leftovers
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (120 commits)
rtc/rtc-88pm80x: remove unneed devm_kfree
rtc/rtc-88pm80x: assign ret only when rtc_register_driver fails
mm: hugetlbfs: close race during teardown of hugetlbfs shared page tables
tmpfs: distribute interleave better across nodes
mm: remove redundant initialization
mm: warn if pg_data_t isn't initialized with zero
mips: zero out pg_data_t when it's allocated
memcg: gix memory accounting scalability in shrink_page_list
mm/sparse: remove index_init_lock
mm/sparse: more checks on mem_section number
mm/sparse: optimize sparse_index_alloc
memcg: add mem_cgroup_from_css() helper
memcg: further prevent OOM with too many dirty pages
memcg: prevent OOM with too many dirty pages
mm: mmu_notifier: fix freed page still mapped in secondary MMU
mm: memcg: only check anon swapin page charges for swap cache
mm: memcg: only check swap cache pages for repeated charging
mm: memcg: split swapin charge function into private and public part
mm: memcg: remove needless !mm fixup to init_mm when charging
mm: memcg: remove unneeded shmem charge type
...
If a process creates a large hugetlbfs mapping that is eligible for page
table sharing and forks heavily with children some of whom fault and
others which destroy the mapping then it is possible for page tables to
get corrupted. Some teardowns of the mapping encounter a "bad pmd" and
output a message to the kernel log. The final teardown will trigger a
BUG_ON in mm/filemap.c.
This was reproduced in 3.4 but is known to have existed for a long time
and goes back at least as far as 2.6.37. It was probably was introduced
in 2.6.20 by [39dde65c: shared page table for hugetlb page]. The messages
look like this;
[ ..........] Lots of bad pmd messages followed by this
[ 127.164256] mm/memory.c:391: bad pmd ffff880412e04fe8(80000003de4000e7).
[ 127.164257] mm/memory.c:391: bad pmd ffff880412e04ff0(80000003de6000e7).
[ 127.164258] mm/memory.c:391: bad pmd ffff880412e04ff8(80000003de0000e7).
[ 127.186778] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 127.186781] kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:134!
[ 127.186782] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
[ 127.186783] CPU 7
[ 127.186784] Modules linked in: af_packet cpufreq_conservative cpufreq_userspace cpufreq_powersave acpi_cpufreq mperf ext3 jbd dm_mod coretemp crc32c_intel usb_storage ghash_clmulni_intel aesni_intel i2c_i801 r8169 mii uas sr_mod cdrom sg iTCO_wdt iTCO_vendor_support shpchp serio_raw cryptd aes_x86_64 e1000e pci_hotplug dcdbas aes_generic container microcode ext4 mbcache jbd2 crc16 sd_mod crc_t10dif i915 drm_kms_helper drm i2c_algo_bit ehci_hcd ahci libahci usbcore rtc_cmos usb_common button i2c_core intel_agp video intel_gtt fan processor thermal thermal_sys hwmon ata_generic pata_atiixp libata scsi_mod
[ 127.186801]
[ 127.186802] Pid: 9017, comm: hugetlbfs-test Not tainted 3.4.0-autobuild #53 Dell Inc. OptiPlex 990/06D7TR
[ 127.186804] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff810ed6ce>] [<ffffffff810ed6ce>] __delete_from_page_cache+0x15e/0x160
[ 127.186809] RSP: 0000:ffff8804144b5c08 EFLAGS: 00010002
[ 127.186810] RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: ffffea000a5c9000 RCX: 00000000ffffffc0
[ 127.186811] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000009 RDI: ffff88042dfdad00
[ 127.186812] RBP: ffff8804144b5c18 R08: 0000000000000009 R09: 0000000000000003
[ 127.186813] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 000000000000002d R12: ffff880412ff83d8
[ 127.186814] R13: ffff880412ff83d8 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff880412ff83d8
[ 127.186815] FS: 00007fe18ed2c700(0000) GS:ffff88042dce0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 127.186816] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
[ 127.186817] CR2: 00007fe340000503 CR3: 0000000417a14000 CR4: 00000000000407e0
[ 127.186818] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[ 127.186819] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 127.186820] Process hugetlbfs-test (pid: 9017, threadinfo ffff8804144b4000, task ffff880417f803c0)
[ 127.186821] Stack:
[ 127.186822] ffffea000a5c9000 0000000000000000 ffff8804144b5c48 ffffffff810ed83b
[ 127.186824] ffff8804144b5c48 000000000000138a 0000000000001387 ffff8804144b5c98
[ 127.186825] ffff8804144b5d48 ffffffff811bc925 ffff8804144b5cb8 0000000000000000
[ 127.186827] Call Trace:
[ 127.186829] [<ffffffff810ed83b>] delete_from_page_cache+0x3b/0x80
[ 127.186832] [<ffffffff811bc925>] truncate_hugepages+0x115/0x220
[ 127.186834] [<ffffffff811bca43>] hugetlbfs_evict_inode+0x13/0x30
[ 127.186837] [<ffffffff811655c7>] evict+0xa7/0x1b0
[ 127.186839] [<ffffffff811657a3>] iput_final+0xd3/0x1f0
[ 127.186840] [<ffffffff811658f9>] iput+0x39/0x50
[ 127.186842] [<ffffffff81162708>] d_kill+0xf8/0x130
[ 127.186843] [<ffffffff81162812>] dput+0xd2/0x1a0
[ 127.186845] [<ffffffff8114e2d0>] __fput+0x170/0x230
[ 127.186848] [<ffffffff81236e0e>] ? rb_erase+0xce/0x150
[ 127.186849] [<ffffffff8114e3ad>] fput+0x1d/0x30
[ 127.186851] [<ffffffff81117db7>] remove_vma+0x37/0x80
[ 127.186853] [<ffffffff81119182>] do_munmap+0x2d2/0x360
[ 127.186855] [<ffffffff811cc639>] sys_shmdt+0xc9/0x170
[ 127.186857] [<ffffffff81410a39>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[ 127.186858] Code: 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 8b 43 08 48 8b 00 48 8b 40 28 8b b0 40 03 00 00 85 f6 0f 88 df fe ff ff 48 89 df e8 e7 cb 05 00 e9 d2 fe ff ff <0f> 0b 55 83 e2 fd 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 30 48 89 5d d8 4c 89 65 e0
[ 127.186868] RIP [<ffffffff810ed6ce>] __delete_from_page_cache+0x15e/0x160
[ 127.186870] RSP <ffff8804144b5c08>
[ 127.186871] ---[ end trace 7cbac5d1db69f426 ]---
The bug is a race and not always easy to reproduce. To reproduce it I was
doing the following on a single socket I7-based machine with 16G of RAM.
$ hugeadm --pool-pages-max DEFAULT:13G
$ echo $((18*1048576*1024)) > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
$ echo $((18*1048576*1024)) > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
$ for i in `seq 1 9000`; do ./hugetlbfs-test; done
On my particular machine, it usually triggers within 10 minutes but
enabling debug options can change the timing such that it never hits.
Once the bug is triggered, the machine is in trouble and needs to be
rebooted. The machine will respond but processes accessing proc like "ps
aux" will hang due to the BUG_ON. shutdown will also hang and needs a
hard reset or a sysrq-b.
The basic problem is a race between page table sharing and teardown. For
the most part page table sharing depends on i_mmap_mutex. In some cases,
it is also taking the mm->page_table_lock for the PTE updates but with
shared page tables, it is the i_mmap_mutex that is more important.
Unfortunately it appears to be also insufficient. Consider the following
situation
Process A Process B
--------- ---------
hugetlb_fault shmdt
LockWrite(mmap_sem)
do_munmap
unmap_region
unmap_vmas
unmap_single_vma
unmap_hugepage_range
Lock(i_mmap_mutex)
Lock(mm->page_table_lock)
huge_pmd_unshare/unmap tables <--- (1)
Unlock(mm->page_table_lock)
Unlock(i_mmap_mutex)
huge_pte_alloc ...
Lock(i_mmap_mutex) ...
vma_prio_walk, find svma, spte ...
Lock(mm->page_table_lock) ...
share spte ...
Unlock(mm->page_table_lock) ...
Unlock(i_mmap_mutex) ...
hugetlb_no_page <--- (2)
free_pgtables
unlink_file_vma
hugetlb_free_pgd_range
remove_vma_list
In this scenario, it is possible for Process A to share page tables with
Process B that is trying to tear them down. The i_mmap_mutex on its own
does not prevent Process A walking Process B's page tables. At (1) above,
the page tables are not shared yet so it unmaps the PMDs. Process A sets
up page table sharing and at (2) faults a new entry. Process B then trips
up on it in free_pgtables.
This patch fixes the problem by adding a new function
__unmap_hugepage_range_final that is only called when the VMA is about to
be destroyed. This function clears VM_MAYSHARE during
unmap_hugepage_range() under the i_mmap_mutex. This makes the VMA
ineligible for sharing and avoids the race. Superficially this looks like
it would then be vunerable to truncate and madvise issues but hugetlbfs
has its own truncate handlers so does not use unmap_mapping_range() and
does not support madvise(DONTNEED).
This should be treated as a -stable candidate if it is merged.
Test program is as follows. The test case was mostly written by Michal
Hocko with a few minor changes to reproduce this bug.
==== CUT HERE ====
static size_t huge_page_size = (2UL << 20);
static size_t nr_huge_page_A = 512;
static size_t nr_huge_page_B = 5632;
unsigned int get_random(unsigned int max)
{
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
srandom(tv.tv_usec);
return random() % max;
}
static void play(void *addr, size_t size)
{
unsigned char *start = addr,
*end = start + size,
*a;
start += get_random(size/2);
/* we could itterate on huge pages but let's give it more time. */
for (a = start; a < end; a += 4096)
*a = 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
key_t key = IPC_PRIVATE;
size_t sizeA = nr_huge_page_A * huge_page_size;
size_t sizeB = nr_huge_page_B * huge_page_size;
int shmidA, shmidB;
void *addrA = NULL, *addrB = NULL;
int nr_children = 300, n = 0;
if ((shmidA = shmget(key, sizeA, IPC_CREAT|SHM_HUGETLB|0660)) == -1) {
perror("shmget:");
return 1;
}
if ((addrA = shmat(shmidA, addrA, SHM_R|SHM_W)) == (void *)-1UL) {
perror("shmat");
return 1;
}
if ((shmidB = shmget(key, sizeB, IPC_CREAT|SHM_HUGETLB|0660)) == -1) {
perror("shmget:");
return 1;
}
if ((addrB = shmat(shmidB, addrB, SHM_R|SHM_W)) == (void *)-1UL) {
perror("shmat");
return 1;
}
fork_child:
switch(fork()) {
case 0:
switch (n%3) {
case 0:
play(addrA, sizeA);
break;
case 1:
play(addrB, sizeB);
break;
case 2:
break;
}
break;
case -1:
perror("fork:");
break;
default:
if (++n < nr_children)
goto fork_child;
play(addrA, sizeA);
break;
}
shmdt(addrA);
shmdt(addrB);
do {
wait(NULL);
} while (--n > 0);
shmctl(shmidA, IPC_RMID, NULL);
shmctl(shmidB, IPC_RMID, NULL);
return 0;
}
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: name the declaration's args, fix CONFIG_HUGETLBFS=n build]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When tmpfs has the interleave memory policy, it always starts allocating
for each file from node 0 at offset 0. When there are many small files,
the lower nodes fill up disproportionately.
This patch spreads out node usage by starting files at nodes other than 0,
by using the inode number to bias the starting node for interleave.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pg_data_t is zeroed before reaching free_area_init_core(), so remove the
now unnecessary initializations.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Warn if memory-hotplug/boot code doesn't initialize pg_data_t with zero
when it is allocated. Arch code and memory hotplug already initiailize
pg_data_t. So this warning should never happen. I select fields randomly
near the beginning, middle and end of pg_data_t for checking.
This patch isn't for performance but for removing initialization code
which is necessary to add whenever we adds new field to pg_data_t or zone.
Firstly, Andrew suggested clearing out of pg_data_t in MM core part but
Tejun doesn't like it because in the future, some archs can initialize
some fields in arch code and pass them into general MM part so blindly
clearing it out in mm core part would be very annoying.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I noticed in a multi-process parallel files reading benchmark I ran on a 8
socket machine, throughput slowed down by a factor of 8 when I ran the
benchmark within a cgroup container. I traced the problem to the
following code path (see below) when we are trying to reclaim memory from
file cache. The res_counter_uncharge function is called on every page
that's reclaimed and created heavy lock contention. The patch below
allows the reclaimed pages to be uncharged from the resource counter in
batch and recovered the regression.
Tim
40.67% usemem [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock
|
--- _raw_spin_lock
|
|--92.61%-- res_counter_uncharge
| |
| |--100.00%-- __mem_cgroup_uncharge_common
| | |
| | |--100.00%-- mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page
| | | __remove_mapping
| | | shrink_page_list
| | | shrink_inactive_list
| | | shrink_mem_cgroup_zone
| | | shrink_zone
| | | do_try_to_free_pages
| | | try_to_free_pages
| | | __alloc_pages_nodemask
| | | alloc_pages_current
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sparse_index_init() uses the index_init_lock spinlock to protect root
mem_section assignment. The lock is not necessary anymore because the
function is called only during boot (during paging init which is executed
only from a single CPU) and from the hotplug code (by add_memory() via
arch_add_memory()) which uses mem_hotplug_mutex.
The lock was introduced by 28ae55c9 ("sparsemem extreme: hotplug
preparation") and sparse_index_init() was used only during boot at that
time.
Later when the hotplug code (and add_memory()) was introduced there was no
synchronization so it was possible to online more sections from the same
root probably (though I am not 100% sure about that). The first
synchronization has been added by 6ad696d2 ("mm: allow memory hotplug and
hibernation in the same kernel") which was later replaced by the
mem_hotplug_mutex - 20d6c96b ("mem-hotplug: introduce
{un}lock_memory_hotplug()").
Let's remove the lock as it is not needed and it makes the code more
confusing.
[mhocko@suse.cz: changelog]
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__section_nr() was implemented to retrieve the corresponding memory
section number according to its descriptor. It's possible that the
specified memory section descriptor doesn't exist in the global array. So
add more checking on that and report an error for a wrong case.
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_EXTREME, the two levels of memory section
descriptors are allocated from slab or bootmem. When allocating from
slab, let slab/bootmem allocator clear the memory chunk. We needn't clear
it explicitly.
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a mem_cgroup_from_css() helper to replace open-coded invokations of
container_of(). To clarify the code and to add a little more type safety.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix extensive breakage]
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The may_enter_fs test turns out to be too restrictive: though I saw no
problem with it when testing on 3.5-rc6, it very soon OOMed when I tested
on 3.5-rc6-mm1. I don't know what the difference there is, perhaps I just
slightly changed the way I started off the testing: dd if=/dev/zero
of=/mnt/temp bs=1M count=1024; rm -f /mnt/temp; sync repeatedly, in 20M
memory.limit_in_bytes cgroup to ext4 on USB stick.
ext4 (and gfs2 and xfs) turn out to allocate new pages for writing with
AOP_FLAG_NOFS: that seems a little worrying, and it's unclear to me why
the transaction needs to be started even before allocating pagecache
memory. But it may not be worth worrying about these days: if direct
reclaim avoids FS writeback, does __GFP_FS now mean anything?
Anyway, we insisted on the may_enter_fs test to avoid hangs with the loop
device; but since that also masks off __GFP_IO, we can test for __GFP_IO
directly, ignoring may_enter_fs and __GFP_FS.
But even so, the test still OOMs sometimes: when originally testing on
3.5-rc6, it OOMed about one time in five or ten; when testing just now on
3.5-rc6-mm1, it OOMed on the first iteration.
This residual problem comes from an accumulation of pages under ordinary
writeback, not marked PageReclaim, so rightly not causing the memcg check
to wait on their writeback: these too can prevent shrink_page_list() from
freeing any pages, so many times that memcg reclaim fails and OOMs.
Deal with these in the same way as direct reclaim now deals with dirty FS
pages: mark them PageReclaim. It is appropriate to rotate these to tail
of list when writepage completes, but more importantly, the PageReclaim
flag makes memcg reclaim wait on them if encountered again. Increment
NR_VMSCAN_IMMEDIATE? That's arguable: I chose not.
Setting PageReclaim here may occasionally race with end_page_writeback()
clearing it: lru_deactivate_fn() already faced the same race, and
correctly concluded that the window is small and the issue non-critical.
With these changes, the test runs indefinitely without OOMing on ext4,
ext3 and ext2: I'll move on to test with other filesystems later.
Trivia: invert conditions for a clearer block without an else, and goto
keep_locked to do the unlock_page.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujtisu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current implementation of dirty pages throttling is not memcg aware
which makes it easy to have memcg LRUs full of dirty pages. Without
throttling, these LRUs can be scanned faster than the rate of writeback,
leading to memcg OOM conditions when the hard limit is small.
This patch fixes the problem by throttling the allocating process
(possibly a writer) during the hard limit reclaim by waiting on
PageReclaim pages. We are waiting only for PageReclaim pages because
those are the pages that made one full round over LRU and that means that
the writeback is much slower than scanning.
The solution is far from being ideal - long term solution is memcg aware
dirty throttling - but it is meant to be a band aid until we have a real
fix. We are seeing this happening during nightly backups which are placed
into containers to prevent from eviction of the real working set.
The change affects only memcg reclaim and only when we encounter
PageReclaim pages which is a signal that the reclaim doesn't catch up on
with the writers so somebody should be throttled. This could be
potentially unfair because it could be somebody else from the group who
gets throttled on behalf of the writer but as writers need to allocate as
well and they allocate in higher rate the probability that only innocent
processes would be penalized is not that high.
I have tested this change by a simple dd copying /dev/zero to tmpfs or
ext3 running under small memcg (1G copy under 5M, 60M, 300M and 2G
containers) and dd got killed by OOM killer every time. With the patch I
could run the dd with the same size under 5M controller without any OOM.
The issue is more visible with slower devices for output.
* With the patch
================
* tmpfs size=2G
---------------
$ vim cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 5M
using Limit 5M for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 30.4049 s, 34.5 MB/s
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 60M
using Limit 60M for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 31.4561 s, 33.3 MB/s
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 300M
using Limit 300M for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 20.4618 s, 51.2 MB/s
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 2G
using Limit 2G for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 1.42172 s, 738 MB/s
* ext3
------
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 5M
using Limit 5M for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 27.9547 s, 37.5 MB/s
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 60M
using Limit 60M for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 30.3221 s, 34.6 MB/s
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 300M
using Limit 300M for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 24.5764 s, 42.7 MB/s
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 2G
using Limit 2G for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 3.35828 s, 312 MB/s
* Without the patch
===================
* tmpfs size=2G
---------------
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 5M
using Limit 5M for group
./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh: line 46: 4668 Killed dd if=/dev/zero of=$OUT/zero bs=1M count=$count
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 60M
using Limit 60M for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 25.4989 s, 41.1 MB/s
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 300M
using Limit 300M for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 24.3928 s, 43.0 MB/s
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 2G
using Limit 2G for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 1.49797 s, 700 MB/s
* ext3
------
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 5M
using Limit 5M for group
./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh: line 46: 4689 Killed dd if=/dev/zero of=$OUT/zero bs=1M count=$count
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 60M
using Limit 60M for group
./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh: line 46: 4692 Killed dd if=/dev/zero of=$OUT/zero bs=1M count=$count
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 300M
using Limit 300M for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 20.248 s, 51.8 MB/s
$ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 2G
using Limit 2G for group
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 2.85201 s, 368 MB/s
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak changelog, reordered the test to optimize for CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR=n]
[hughd@google.com: fix deadlock with loop driver]
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujtisu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mmu_notifier_release() is called when the process is exiting. It will
delete all the mmu notifiers. But at this time the page belonging to the
process is still present in page tables and is present on the LRU list, so
this race will happen:
CPU 0 CPU 1
mmu_notifier_release: try_to_unmap:
hlist_del_init_rcu(&mn->hlist);
ptep_clear_flush_notify:
mmu nofifler not found
free page !!!!!!
/*
* At the point, the page has been
* freed, but it is still mapped in
* the secondary MMU.
*/
mn->ops->release(mn, mm);
Then the box is not stable and sometimes we can get this bug:
[ 738.075923] BUG: Bad page state in process migrate-perf pfn:03bec
[ 738.075931] page:ffffea00000efb00 count:0 mapcount:0 mapping: (null) index:0x8076
[ 738.075936] page flags: 0x20000000000014(referenced|dirty)
The same issue is present in mmu_notifier_unregister().
We can call ->release before deleting the notifier to ensure the page has
been unmapped from the secondary MMU before it is freed.
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
shmem knows for sure that the page is in swap cache when attempting to
charge a page, because the cache charge entry function has a check for it.
Only anon pages may be removed from swap cache already when trying to
charge their swapin.
Adjust the comment, though: '4969c11 mm: fix swapin race condition' added
a stable PageSwapCache check under the page lock in the do_swap_page()
before calling the memory controller, so it's unuse_pte()'s pte_same()
that may fail.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Only anon and shmem pages in the swap cache are attempted to be charged
multiple times, from every swap pte fault or from shmem_unuse(). No other
pages require checking PageCgroupUsed().
Charging pages in the swap cache is also serialized by the page lock, and
since both the try_charge and commit_charge are called under the same page
lock section, the PageCgroupUsed() check might as well happen before the
counter charging, let alone reclaim.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When shmem is charged upon swapin, it does not need to check twice whether
the memory controller is enabled.
Also, shmem pages do not have to be checked for everything that regular
anon pages have to be checked for, so let shmem use the internal version
directly and allow future patches to move around checks that are only
required when swapping in anon pages.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It does not matter to __mem_cgroup_try_charge() if the passed mm is NULL
or init_mm, it will charge the root memcg in either case.
Also fix up the comment in __mem_cgroup_try_charge() that claimed the
init_mm would be charged when no mm was passed. It's not really
incorrect, but confusing. Clarify that the root memcg is charged in this
case.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
shmem page charges have not needed a separate charge type to tell them
from regular file pages since 08e552c ("memcg: synchronized LRU").
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Charging cache pages may require swapin in the shmem case. Save the
forward declaration and just move the swapin functions above the cache
charging functions.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Only anon pages that are uncharged at the time of the last page table
mapping vanishing may be in swapcache.
When shmem pages, file pages, swap-freed anon pages, or just migrated
pages are uncharged, they are known for sure to be not in swapcache.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Not all uncharge paths need to check if the page is swapcache, some of
them can know for sure.
Push down the check into all callsites of uncharge_common() so that the
patch that removes some of them is more obvious.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The conditional mem_cgroup_cancel_charge_swapin() is a leftover from when
the function would continue to reestablish the page even after
mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin() failed. After 85d9fc8 "memcg: fix refcnt
handling at swapoff", the condition is always true when this code is
reached.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Compaction (and page migration in general) can currently be hindered
through pages being owned by memory cgroups that are at their limits and
unreclaimable.
The reason is that the replacement page is being charged against the limit
while the page being replaced is also still charged. But this seems
unnecessary, given that only one of the two pages will still be in use
after migration finishes.
This patch changes the memcg migration sequence so that the replacement
page is not charged. Whatever page is still in use after successful or
failed migration gets to keep the charge of the page that was going to be
replaced.
The replacement page will still show up temporarily in the rss/cache
statistics, this can be fixed in a later patch as it's less urgent.
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit b3a27d ("swap: Add swap slot free callback to
block_device_operations") dereferences p->bdev->bd_disk but this is a NULL
dereference if using swap-over-NFS. This patch checks SWP_BLKDEV on the
swap_info_struct before dereferencing.
With reference to this callback, Christoph Hellwig stated "Please just
remove the callback entirely. It has no user outside the staging tree and
was added clearly against the rules for that staging tree". This would
also be my preference but there was not an obvious way of keeping zram in
staging/ happy.
Signed-off-by: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The patch "mm: add support for a filesystem to activate swap files and use
direct_IO for writing swap pages" added support for using direct_IO to
write swap pages but it is insufficient for highmem pages.
To support highmem pages, this patch kmaps() the page before calling the
direct_IO() handler. As direct_IO deals with virtual addresses an
additional helper is necessary for get_kernel_pages() to lookup the struct
page for a kmap virtual address.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The version of swap_activate introduced is sufficient for swap-over-NFS
but would not provide enough information to implement a generic handler.
This patch shuffles things slightly to ensure the same information is
available for aops->swap_activate() as is available to the core.
No functionality change.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently swapfiles are managed entirely by the core VM by using ->bmap to
allocate space and write to the blocks directly. This effectively ensures
that the underlying blocks are allocated and avoids the need for the swap
subsystem to locate what physical blocks store offsets within a file.
If the swap subsystem is to use the filesystem information to locate the
blocks, it is critical that information such as block groups, block
bitmaps and the block descriptor table that map the swap file were
resident in memory. This patch adds address_space_operations that the VM
can call when activating or deactivating swap backed by a file.
int swap_activate(struct file *);
int swap_deactivate(struct file *);
The ->swap_activate() method is used to communicate to the file that the
VM relies on it, and the address_space should take adequate measures such
as reserving space in the underlying device, reserving memory for mempools
and pinning information such as the block descriptor table in memory. The
->swap_deactivate() method is called on sys_swapoff() if ->swap_activate()
returned success.
After a successful swapfile ->swap_activate, the swapfile is marked
SWP_FILE and swapper_space.a_ops will proxy to
sis->swap_file->f_mappings->a_ops using ->direct_io to write swapcache
pages and ->readpage to read.
It is perfectly possible that direct_IO be used to read the swap pages but
it is an unnecessary complication. Similarly, it is possible that
->writepage be used instead of direct_io to write the pages but filesystem
developers have stated that calling writepage from the VM is undesirable
for a variety of reasons and using direct_IO opens up the possibility of
writing back batches of swap pages in the future.
[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original patch]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds two new APIs get_kernel_pages() and get_kernel_page() that
may be used to pin a vector of kernel addresses for IO. The initial user
is expected to be NFS for allowing pages to be written to swap using
aops->direct_IO(). Strictly speaking, swap-over-NFS only needs to pin one
page for IO but it makes sense to express the API in terms of a vector and
add a helper for pinning single pages.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In order to teach filesystems to handle swap cache pages, three new page
functions are introduced:
pgoff_t page_file_index(struct page *);
loff_t page_file_offset(struct page *);
struct address_space *page_file_mapping(struct page *);
page_file_index() - gives the offset of this page in the file in
PAGE_CACHE_SIZE blocks. Like page->index is for mapped pages, this
function also gives the correct index for PG_swapcache pages.
page_file_offset() - uses page_file_index(), so that it will give the
expected result, even for PG_swapcache pages.
page_file_mapping() - gives the mapping backing the actual page; that is
for swap cache pages it will give swap_file->f_mapping.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Under significant pressure when writing back to network-backed storage,
direct reclaimers may get throttled. This is expected to be a short-lived
event and the processes get woken up again but processes do get stalled.
This patch counts how many times such stalling occurs. It's up to the
administrator whether to reduce these stalls by increasing
min_free_kbytes.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If swap is backed by network storage such as NBD, there is a risk that a
large number of reclaimers can hang the system by consuming all
PF_MEMALLOC reserves. To avoid these hangs, the administrator must tune
min_free_kbytes in advance which is a bit fragile.
This patch throttles direct reclaimers if half the PF_MEMALLOC reserves
are in use. If the system is routinely getting throttled the system
administrator can increase min_free_kbytes so degradation is smoother but
the system will keep running.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Getting and putting objects in SLAB currently requires a function call but
the bulk of the work is related to PFMEMALLOC reserves which are only
consumed when network-backed storage is critical. Use an inline function
to determine if the function call is required.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the skb allocation API to indicate RX usage and use this to fall
back to the PFMEMALLOC reserve when needed. SKBs allocated from the
reserve are tagged in skb->pfmemalloc. If an SKB is allocated from the
reserve and the socket is later found to be unrelated to page reclaim, the
packet is dropped so that the memory remains available for page reclaim.
Network protocols are expected to recover from this packet loss.
[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Ideas taken from various patches]
[davem@davemloft.net: Use static branches, coding style corrections]
[sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Avoid unnecessary cast, fix !CONFIG_NET build]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The reserve is proportionally distributed over all !highmem zones in the
system. So we need to allow an emergency allocation access to all zones.
In order to do that we need to break out of any mempolicy boundaries we
might have.
In my opinion that does not break mempolicies as those are user oriented
and not system oriented. That is, system allocations are not guaranteed
to be within mempolicy boundaries. For instance IRQs do not even have a
mempolicy.
So breaking out of mempolicy boundaries for 'rare' emergency allocations,
which are always system allocations (as opposed to user) is ok.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__alloc_pages_slowpath() is called when the number of free pages is below
the low watermark. If the caller is entitled to use ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
then the page will be marked page->pfmemalloc. This protects more pages
than are strictly necessary as we only need to protect pages allocated
below the min watermark (the pfmemalloc reserves).
This patch only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was
required to allocate the page.
[rientjes@google.com: David noticed the problem during review]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is needed to allow network softirq packet processing to make use of
PF_MEMALLOC.
Currently softirq context cannot use PF_MEMALLOC due to it not being
associated with a task, and therefore not having task flags to fiddle with
- thus the gfp to alloc flag mapping ignores the task flags when in
interrupts (hard or soft) context.
Allowing softirqs to make use of PF_MEMALLOC therefore requires some
trickery. This patch borrows the task flags from whatever process happens
to be preempted by the softirq. It then modifies the gfp to alloc flags
mapping to not exclude task flags in softirq context, and modify the
softirq code to save, clear and restore the PF_MEMALLOC flag.
The save and clear, ensures the preempted task's PF_MEMALLOC flag doesn't
leak into the softirq. The restore ensures a softirq's PF_MEMALLOC flag
cannot leak back into the preempted process. This should be safe due to
the following reasons
Softirqs can run on multiple CPUs sure but the same task should not be
executing the same softirq code. Neither should the softirq
handler be preempted by any other softirq handler so the flags
should not leak to an unrelated softirq.
Softirqs re-enable hardware interrupts in __do_softirq() so can be
preempted by hardware interrupts so PF_MEMALLOC is inherited
by the hard IRQ. However, this is similar to a process in
reclaim being preempted by a hardirq. While PF_MEMALLOC is
set, gfp_to_alloc_flags() distinguishes between hard and
soft irqs and avoids giving a hardirq the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
flag.
If the softirq is deferred to ksoftirq then its flags may be used
instead of a normal tasks but as the softirq cannot be preempted,
the PF_MEMALLOC flag does not leak to other code by accident.
[davem@davemloft.net: Document why PF_MEMALLOC is safe]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__GFP_MEMALLOC will allow the allocation to disregard the watermarks, much
like PF_MEMALLOC. It allows one to pass along the memalloc state in
object related allocation flags as opposed to task related flags, such as
sk->sk_allocation. This removes the need for ALLOC_PFMEMALLOC as callers
using __GFP_MEMALLOC can get the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARK flag which is now
enough to identify allocations related to page reclaim.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch removes the check for pfmemalloc from the alloc hotpath and
puts the logic after the election of a new per cpu slab. For a pfmemalloc
page we do not use the fast path but force the use of the slow path which
is also used for the debug case.
This has the side-effect of weakening pfmemalloc processing in the
following way;
1. A process that is allocating for network swap calls __slab_alloc.
pfmemalloc_match is true so the freelist is loaded and c->freelist is
now pointing to a pfmemalloc page.
2. A process that is attempting normal allocations calls slab_alloc,
finds the pfmemalloc page on the freelist and uses it because it did
not check pfmemalloc_match()
The patch allows non-pfmemalloc allocations to use pfmemalloc pages with
the kmalloc slabs being the most vunerable caches on the grounds they
are most likely to have a mix of pfmemalloc and !pfmemalloc requests. A
later patch will still protect the system as processes will get throttled
if the pfmemalloc reserves get depleted but performance will not degrade
as smoothly.
[mgorman@suse.de: Expanded changelog]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they
create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it
with swapon. Swap over the network is considered as an option in diskless
systems. The two likely scenarios are when blade servers are used as part
of a cluster where the form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the
use of disks and thin clients.
The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block
Device (NBD) for swap according to the manual at
https://sourceforge.net/projects/ltsp/files/Docs-Admin-Guide/LTSPManual.pdf/download
There is also documentation and tutorials on how to setup swap over NBD at
places like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/EnableNBDSWAP The
nbd-client also documents the use of NBD as swap. Despite this, the fact
is that a machine using NBD for swap can deadlock within minutes if swap
is used intensively. This patch series addresses the problem.
The core issue is that network block devices do not use mempools like
normal block devices do. As the host cannot control where they receive
packets from, they cannot reliably work out in advance how much memory
they might need. Some years ago, Peter Zijlstra developed a series of
patches that supported swap over an NFS that at least one distribution is
carrying within their kernels. This patch series borrows very heavily
from Peter's work to support swapping over NBD as a pre-requisite to
supporting swap-over-NFS. The bulk of the complexity is concerned with
preserving memory that is allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserves for use
by the network layer which is needed for both NBD and NFS.
Patch 1 adds knowledge of the PFMEMALLOC reserves to SLAB and SLUB to
preserve access to pages allocated under low memory situations
to callers that are freeing memory.
Patch 2 optimises the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks
Patch 3 introduces __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to the PFMEMALLOC
reserves without setting PFMEMALLOC.
Patch 4 opens the possibility for softirqs to use PFMEMALLOC reserves
for later use by network packet processing.
Patch 5 only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was required
Patch 6 ignores memory policies when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS is set.
Patches 7-12 allows network processing to use PFMEMALLOC reserves when
the socket has been marked as being used by the VM to clean pages. If
packets are received and stored in pages that were allocated under
low-memory situations and are unrelated to the VM, the packets
are dropped.
Patch 11 reintroduces __skb_alloc_page which the networking
folk may object to but is needed in some cases to propogate
pfmemalloc from a newly allocated page to an skb. If there is a
strong objection, this patch can be dropped with the impact being
that swap-over-network will be slower in some cases but it should
not fail.
Patch 13 is a micro-optimisation to avoid a function call in the
common case.
Patch 14 tags NBD sockets as being SOCK_MEMALLOC so they can use
PFMEMALLOC if necessary.
Patch 15 notes that it is still possible for the PFMEMALLOC reserve
to be depleted. To prevent this, direct reclaimers get throttled on
a waitqueue if 50% of the PFMEMALLOC reserves are depleted. It is
expected that kswapd and the direct reclaimers already running
will clean enough pages for the low watermark to be reached and
the throttled processes are woken up.
Patch 16 adds a statistic to track how often processes get throttled
Some basic performance testing was run using kernel builds, netperf on
loopback for UDP and TCP, hackbench (pipes and sockets), iozone and
sysbench. Each of them were expected to use the sl*b allocators
reasonably heavily but there did not appear to be significant performance
variances.
For testing swap-over-NBD, a machine was booted with 2G of RAM with a
swapfile backed by NBD. 8*NUM_CPU processes were started that create
anonymous memory mappings and read them linearly in a loop. The total
size of the mappings were 4*PHYSICAL_MEMORY to use swap heavily under
memory pressure.
Without the patches and using SLUB, the machine locks up within minutes
and runs to completion with them applied. With SLAB, the story is
different as an unpatched kernel run to completion. However, the patched
kernel completed the test 45% faster.
MICRO
3.5.0-rc2 3.5.0-rc2
vanilla swapnbd
Unrecognised test vmscan-anon-mmap-write
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 197.80 173.07
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 206.96 182.03
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 3240.70 1762.09
This patch: mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages
Allocations of pages below the min watermark run a risk of the machine
hanging due to a lack of memory. To prevent this, only callers who have
PF_MEMALLOC or TIF_MEMDIE set and are not processing an interrupt are
allowed to allocate with ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS. Once they are allocated to
a slab though, nothing prevents other callers consuming free objects
within those slabs. This patch limits access to slab pages that were
alloced from the PFMEMALLOC reserves.
When this patch is applied, pages allocated from below the low watermark
are returned with page->pfmemalloc set and it is up to the caller to
determine how the page should be protected. SLAB restricts access to any
page with page->pfmemalloc set to callers which are known to able to
access the PFMEMALLOC reserve. If one is not available, an attempt is
made to allocate a new page rather than use a reserve. SLUB is a bit more
relaxed in that it only records if the current per-CPU page was allocated
from PFMEMALLOC reserve and uses another partial slab if the caller does
not have the necessary GFP or process flags. This was found to be
sufficient in tests to avoid hangs due to SLUB generally maintaining
smaller lists than SLAB.
In low-memory conditions it does mean that !PFMEMALLOC allocators can fail
a slab allocation even though free objects are available because they are
being preserved for callers that are freeing pages.
[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original implementation]
[sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Correct order of page flag clearing]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When hotplug offlining happens on zone A, it starts to mark freed page as
MIGRATE_ISOLATE type in buddy for preventing further allocation.
(MIGRATE_ISOLATE is very irony type because it's apparently on buddy but
we can't allocate them).
When the memory shortage happens during hotplug offlining, current task
starts to reclaim, then wake up kswapd. Kswapd checks watermark, then go
sleep because current zone_watermark_ok_safe doesn't consider
MIGRATE_ISOLATE freed page count. Current task continue to reclaim in
direct reclaim path without kswapd's helping. The problem is that
zone->all_unreclaimable is set by only kswapd so that current task would
be looping forever like below.
__alloc_pages_slowpath
restart:
wake_all_kswapd
rebalance:
__alloc_pages_direct_reclaim
do_try_to_free_pages
if global_reclaim && !all_unreclaimable
return 1; /* It means we did did_some_progress */
skip __alloc_pages_may_oom
should_alloc_retry
goto rebalance;
If we apply KOSAKI's patch[1] which doesn't depends on kswapd about
setting zone->all_unreclaimable, we can solve this problem by killing some
task in direct reclaim path. But it doesn't wake up kswapd, still. It
could be a problem still if other subsystem needs GFP_ATOMIC request. So
kswapd should consider MIGRATE_ISOLATE when it calculate free pages BEFORE
going sleep.
This patch counts the number of MIGRATE_ISOLATE page block and
zone_watermark_ok_safe will consider it if the system has such blocks
(fortunately, it's very rare so no problem in POV overhead and kswapd is
never hotpath).
Copy/modify from Mel's quote
"
Ideal solution would be "allocating" the pageblock.
It would keep the free space accounting as it is but historically,
memory hotplug didn't allocate pages because it would be difficult to
detect if a pageblock was isolated or if part of some balloon.
Allocating just full pageblocks would work around this, However,
it would play very badly with CMA.
"
[1] http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/6/14/74
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplify nr_zone_isolate_freepages(), rework zone_watermark_ok_safe() comment, simplify set_pageblock_isolate() and restore_pageblock_isolate()]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION=n build]
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar.30@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__zone_watermark_ok currently compares free_pages which is a signed type
with z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx] which is unsigned which might lead
to sign overflow if free_pages doesn't satisfy the given order (or it came
as negative already) and then we rely on the following order loop to fix
it (which doesn't work for order-0). Let's fix the type conversion and do
not rely on the given value of free_pages or follow up fixups.
This patch fixes it because "memory-hotplug: fix kswapd looping forever
problem" depends on this.
As benefit of this patch, it doesn't rely on the loop to exit
__zone_watermark_ok in case of high order check and make the first test
effective.(ie, if (free_pages <= min + lowmem_reserve))
Aaditya reported this problem when he test my hotplug patch.
Reported-off-by: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com>
Tested-by: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mm/page_alloc.c has some memory isolation functions but they are used only
when we enable CONFIG_{CMA|MEMORY_HOTPLUG|MEMORY_FAILURE}. So let's make
it configurable by new CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION so that it can reduce
binary size and we can check it simple by CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION, not if
defined CONFIG_{CMA|MEMORY_HOTPLUG|MEMORY_FAILURE}.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
By globally defining check_panic_on_oom(), the memcg oom handler can be
moved entirely to mm/memcontrol.c. This removes the ugly #ifdef in the
oom killer and cleans up the code.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since exiting tasks require write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock) several times,
try to reduce the amount of time the readside is held for oom kills. This
makes the interface with the memcg oom handler more consistent since it
now never needs to take tasklist_lock unnecessarily.
The only time the oom killer now takes tasklist_lock is when iterating the
children of the selected task, everything else is protected by
rcu_read_lock().
This requires that a reference to the selected process, p, is grabbed
before calling oom_kill_process(). It may release it and grab a reference
on another one of p's threads if !p->mm, but it also guarantees that it
will release the reference before returning.
[hughd@google.com: fix duplicate put_task_struct()]
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The global oom killer is serialized by the per-zonelist
try_set_zonelist_oom() which is used in the page allocator. Concurrent
oom kills are thus a rare event and only occur in systems using
mempolicies and with a large number of nodes.
Memory controller oom kills, however, can frequently be concurrent since
there is no serialization once the oom killer is called for oom conditions
in several different memcgs in parallel.
This creates a massive contention on tasklist_lock since the oom killer
requires the readside for the tasklist iteration. If several memcgs are
calling the oom killer, this lock can be held for a substantial amount of
time, especially if threads continue to enter it as other threads are
exiting.
Since the exit path grabs the writeside of the lock with irqs disabled in
a few different places, this can cause a soft lockup on cpus as a result
of tasklist_lock starvation.
The kernel lacks unfair writelocks, and successful calls to the oom killer
usually result in at least one thread entering the exit path, so an
alternative solution is needed.
This patch introduces a seperate oom handler for memcgs so that they do
not require tasklist_lock for as much time. Instead, it iterates only
over the threads attached to the oom memcg and grabs a reference to the
selected thread before calling oom_kill_process() to ensure it doesn't
prematurely exit.
This still requires tasklist_lock for the tasklist dump, iterating
children of the selected process, and killing all other threads on the
system sharing the same memory as the selected victim. So while this
isn't a complete solution to tasklist_lock starvation, it significantly
reduces the amount of time that it is held.
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Sha Zhengju <handai.szj@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch introduces a helper function to process each thread during the
iteration over the tasklist. A new return type, enum oom_scan_t, is
defined to determine the future behavior of the iteration:
- OOM_SCAN_OK: continue scanning the thread and find its badness,
- OOM_SCAN_CONTINUE: do not consider this thread for oom kill, it's
ineligible,
- OOM_SCAN_ABORT: abort the iteration and return, or
- OOM_SCAN_SELECT: always select this thread with the highest badness
possible.
There is no functional change with this patch. This new helper function
will be used in the next patch in the memory controller.
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Sha Zhengju <handai.szj@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mark functions used by both boot and memory hotplug as __meminit to reduce
memory footprint when memory hotplug is disabled.
Alos guard zone_pcp_update() with CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG because it's only
used by memory hotplug code.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Wei Wang <Bessel.Wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a zone becomes empty after memory offlining, free zone->pageset.
Otherwise it will cause memory leak when adding memory to the empty zone
again because build_all_zonelists() will allocate zone->pageset for an
empty zone.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wei Wang <Bessel.Wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When online_pages() is called to add new memory to an empty zone, it
rebuilds all zone lists by calling build_all_zonelists(). But there's a
bug which prevents the new zone to be added to other nodes' zone lists.
online_pages() {
build_all_zonelists()
.....
node_set_state(zone_to_nid(zone), N_HIGH_MEMORY)
}
Here the node of the zone is put into N_HIGH_MEMORY state after calling
build_all_zonelists(), but build_all_zonelists() only adds zones from
nodes in N_HIGH_MEMORY state to the fallback zone lists.
build_all_zonelists()
->__build_all_zonelists()
->build_zonelists()
->find_next_best_node()
->for_each_node_state(n, N_HIGH_MEMORY)
So memory in the new zone will never be used by other nodes, and it may
cause strange behavor when system is under memory pressure. So put node
into N_HIGH_MEMORY state before calling build_all_zonelists().
Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When hotadd_new_pgdat() is called to create new pgdat for a new node, a
fallback zonelist should be created for the new node. There's code to try
to achieve that in hotadd_new_pgdat() as below:
/*
* The node we allocated has no zone fallback lists. For avoiding
* to access not-initialized zonelist, build here.
*/
mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex);
build_all_zonelists(pgdat, NULL);
mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);
But it doesn't work as expected. When hotadd_new_pgdat() is called, the
new node is still in offline state because node_set_online(nid) hasn't
been called yet. And build_all_zonelists() only builds zonelists for
online nodes as:
for_each_online_node(nid) {
pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
build_zonelists(pgdat);
build_zonelist_cache(pgdat);
}
Though we hope to create zonelist for the new pgdat, but it doesn't. So
add a new parameter "pgdat" the build_all_zonelists() to build pgdat for
the new pgdat too.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On architectures with CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE set, such as
Itanium, pageblock_order is a variable with default value of 0. It's set
to the right value by set_pageblock_order() in function
free_area_init_core().
But pageblock_order may be used by sparse_init() before free_area_init_core()
is called along path:
sparse_init()
->sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node()
->usemap_size()
->SECTION_BLOCKFLAGS_BITS
->((1UL << (PFN_SECTION_SHIFT - pageblock_order)) *
NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS)
The uninitialized pageblock_size will cause memory wasting because
usemap_size() returns a much bigger value then it's really needed.
For example, on an Itanium platform,
sparse_init() pageblock_order=0 usemap_size=24576
free_area_init_core() before pageblock_order=0, usemap_size=24576
free_area_init_core() after pageblock_order=12, usemap_size=8
That means 24K memory has been wasted for each section, so fix it by calling
set_pageblock_order() from sparse_init().
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Call up_read(&mm->mmap_sem) directly since we have already got mm via
current->mm at the beginning of print_vma_addr().
Signed-off-by: Jie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Order > 0 compaction stops when enough free pages of the correct page
order have been coalesced. When doing subsequent higher order
allocations, it is possible for compaction to be invoked many times.
However, the compaction code always starts out looking for things to
compact at the start of the zone, and for free pages to compact things to
at the end of the zone.
This can cause quadratic behaviour, with isolate_freepages starting at the
end of the zone each time, even though previous invocations of the
compaction code already filled up all free memory on that end of the zone.
This can cause isolate_freepages to take enormous amounts of CPU with
certain workloads on larger memory systems.
The obvious solution is to have isolate_freepages remember where it left
off last time, and continue at that point the next time it gets invoked
for an order > 0 compaction. This could cause compaction to fail if
cc->free_pfn and cc->migrate_pfn are close together initially, in that
case we restart from the end of the zone and try once more.
Forced full (order == -1) compactions are left alone.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/laste/last/, use 80 cols]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov>
Tested-by: Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I have an application that does the following:
* copy the state of all controllers attached to a hierarchy
* replicate it as a child of the current level.
I would expect writes to the files to mostly succeed, since they are
inheriting sane values from parents.
But that is not the case for use_hierarchy. If it is set to 0, we succeed
ok. If we're set to 1, the value of the file is automatically set to 1 in
the children, but if userspace tries to write the very same 1, it will
fail. That same situation happens if we set use_hierarchy, create a
child, and then try to write 1 again.
Now, there is no reason whatsoever for failing to write a value that is
already there. It doesn't even match the comments, that states:
/* If parent's use_hierarchy is set, we can't make any modifications
* in the child subtrees...
since we are not changing anything.
So test the new value against the one we're storing, and automatically
return 0 if we're not proposing a change.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval.giani@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The __count_immobile_pages() naming is rather awkward. Choose a more
clear name and add a comment.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
d179e84ba ("mm: vmscan: do not use page_count without a page pin") fixed
this problem in vmscan.c but same problem is in __count_immobile_pages().
I copy and paste d179e84ba's contents for description.
"It is unsafe to run page_count during the physical pfn scan because
compound_head could trip on a dangling pointer when reading
page->first_page if the compound page is being freed by another CPU."
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The number of ptes and swap entries are used in the oom killer's badness
heuristic, so they should be shown in the tasklist dump.
This patch adds those fields and replaces cpu and oom_adj values that are
currently emitted. Cpu isn't interesting and oom_adj is deprecated and
will be removed later this year, the same information is already displayed
as oom_score_adj which is used internally.
At the same time, make the documentation a little more clear to state this
information is helpful to determine why the oom killer chose the task it
did to kill.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
/proc/sys/vm/oom_kill_allocating_task will immediately kill current when
the oom killer is called to avoid a potentially expensive tasklist scan
for large systems.
Currently, however, it is not checking current's oom_score_adj value which
may be OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN, meaning that it has been disabled from oom
killing.
This patch avoids killing current in such a condition and simply falls
back to the tasklist scan since memory still needs to be freed.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
commit 2ff754fa8f ("mm: clear pages_scanned only if draining a pcp adds
pages to the buddy allocator again") fixed one free_pcppages_bulk()
misuse. But two another miuse still exist.
This patch fixes it.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Eric Wong reported his test suite failex when /tmp is tmpfs.
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/2/24/479
Currentlt the input check of POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED has two problems.
- requires a_ops->readpage. But in fact, force_page_cache_readahead()
requires that the target filesystem has either ->readpage or ->readpages.
- returns -EINVAL when the filesystem doesn't have ->readpage. But
posix says that fadvise is merely a hint. Thus fadvise() should return
0 if filesystem has no means of implementing fadvise(). The userland
application should not know nor care whcih type of filesystem backs the
TMPDIR directory, as Eric pointed out. There is nothing which userspace
can do to solve this error.
So change the return value to 0 when filesytem doesn't support readahead.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
Tested-by: Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
Reviewed-by: Wanlong Gao <gaowanlong@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_force_empty_list() just returns 0 or -EBUSY and -EBUSY
indicates 'you need to retry'. Make mem_cgroup_force_empty_list() return
a bool to simplify the logic.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: rework mem_cgroup_force_empty_list()'s comment]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After bf544fdc241da8 "memcg: move charges to root cgroup if
use_hierarchy=0 in mem_cgroup_move_hugetlb_parent()"
mem_cgroup_move_parent() returns only -EBUSY or -EINVAL. So we can remove
the -ENOMEM and -EINTR checks.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After bf544fdc241da8 "memcg: move charges to root cgroup if
use_hierarchy=0 in mem_cgroup_move_hugetlb_parent()", no memory reclaim
will occur when removing a memory cgroup. If -EINTR is returned here,
cgroup will show a warning.
We don't need to handle any user interruption signal. Remove this.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This function is an 80-column eyesore, quite unnecessarily. Clean that
up, and use standard comment layout style.
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Greg Pearson <greg.pearson@hp.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The oom killer currently schedules away from current in an uninterruptible
sleep if it does not have access to memory reserves. It's possible that
current was killed because it shares memory with the oom killed thread or
because it was killed by the user in the interim, however.
This patch only schedules away from current if it does not have a pending
kill, i.e. if it does not share memory with the oom killed thread. It's
possible that it will immediately retry its memory allocation and fail,
but it will immediately be given access to memory reserves if it calls the
oom killer again.
This prevents the delay of memory freeing when threads that share memory
with the oom killed thread get unnecessarily scheduled.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We already hold the hugetlb_lock. That should prevent a parallel cgroup
rmdir from touching page's hugetlb cgroup. So remove the exclude and
wakeup calls.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A page's hugetlb cgroup assignment and movement to the active list should
occur with hugetlb_lock held. Otherwise when we remove the hugetlb cgroup
we will iterate the active list and find pages with NULL hugetlb cgroup
values.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we fail to allocate pages from the reserve pool, hugetlb tries to
allocate huge pages using alloc_buddy_huge_page. Add these to the active
list. We also need to add the huge page we allocate when we soft offline
the oldpage to active list.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With HugeTLB pages, hugetlb cgroup is uncharged in compound page
destructor. Since we are holding a hugepage reference, we can be sure
that old page won't get uncharged till the last put_page().
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add support for cgroup removal. If we don't have parent cgroup, the
charges are moved to root cgroup.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add the hugetlb cgroup pointer to 3rd page lru.next. This limit the usage
to hugetlb cgroup to only hugepages with 3 or more normal pages. I guess
that is an acceptable limitation.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement a new controller that allows us to control HugeTLB allocations.
The extension allows to limit the HugeTLB usage per control group and
enforces the controller limit during page fault. Since HugeTLB doesn't
support page reclaim, enforcing the limit at page fault time implies that,
the application will get SIGBUS signal if it tries to access HugeTLB pages
beyond its limit. This requires the application to know beforehand how
much HugeTLB pages it would require for its use.
The charge/uncharge calls will be added to HugeTLB code in later patch.
Support for cgroup removal will be added in later patches.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB_RES_CTLR/CONFIG_MEMCG_HUGETLB/g]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/CONFIG_MEMCG_HUGETLB/CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB/g]
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We will use them later in hugetlb_cgroup.c
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hugepage_activelist will be used to track currently used HugeTLB pages.
We need to find the in-use HugeTLB pages to support HugeTLB cgroup removal.
On cgroup removal we update the page's HugeTLB cgroup to point to parent
cgroup.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since we migrate only one hugepage, don't use linked list for passing the
page around. Directly pass the page that need to be migrated as argument.
This also removes the usage of page->lru in the migrate path.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use a mmu_gather instead of a temporary linked list for accumulating pages
when we unmap a hugepage range
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add an inline helper and use it in the code.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current use of VM_FAULT_* codes with ERR_PTR requires us to ensure
VM_FAULT_* values will not exceed MAX_ERRNO value. Decouple the
VM_FAULT_* values from MAX_ERRNO.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset implements a cgroup resource controller for HugeTLB pages.
The controller allows to limit the HugeTLB usage per control group and
enforces the controller limit during page fault. Since HugeTLB doesn't
support page reclaim, enforcing the limit at page fault time implies that,
the application will get SIGBUS signal if it tries to access HugeTLB pages
beyond its limit. This requires the application to know beforehand how
much HugeTLB pages it would require for its use.
The goal is to control how many HugeTLB pages a group of task can
allocate. It can be looked at as an extension of the existing quota
interface which limits the number of HugeTLB pages per hugetlbfs
superblock. HPC job scheduler requires jobs to specify their resource
requirements in the job file. Once their requirements can be met, job
schedulers like (SLURM) will schedule the job. We need to make sure that
the jobs won't consume more resources than requested. If they do we
should either error out or kill the application.
This patch:
Rename max_hstate to hugetlb_max_hstate. We will be using this from other
subsystems like hugetlb controller in later patches.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since per-BDI flusher threads were introduced in 2.6, the pdflush
mechanism is not used any more. But the old interface exported through
/proc/sys/vm/nr_pdflush_threads still exists and is obviously useless.
For back-compatibility, printk warning information and return 2 to notify
the users that the interface is removed.
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, function should_fail() has "bool" for its return value, so it's
reasonable to change the return value of function should_fail_alloc_page()
into "bool" as well.
The patch does cleanup on function should_fail_alloc_page() to have "bool"
for its return value.
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vm_stat_account() accounts the shared_vm, stack_vm and reserved_vm now.
But we can also account for total_vm in the vm_stat_account() which makes
the code tidy.
Even for mprotect_fixup(), we can get the right result in the end.
Signed-off-by: Huang Shijie <shijie8@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Swap readahead works fine, but the I/O to disk is almost always done in
page size requests, despite the fact that readahead submits
1<<page-cluster pages at a time.
On older kernels the old per device plugging behavior might have captured
this and merged the requests, but currently all comes down to much more
I/Os than required.
On a single device this might not be an issue, but as soon as a server
runs on shared san resources savin I/Os not only improves swapin
throughput but also provides a lower resource utilization.
With a load running KVM in a lot of memory overcommitment (the hot memory
is 1.5 times the host memory) swapping throughput improves significantly
and the lead feels more responsive as well as achieves more throughput.
In a test setup with 16 swap disks running blocktrace on one of those disks
shows the improved merging:
Prior:
Reads Queued: 560,888, 2,243MiB Writes Queued: 226,242, 904,968KiB
Read Dispatches: 544,701, 2,243MiB Write Dispatches: 159,318, 904,968KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 544,716, 2,243MiB Writes Completed: 159,321, 904,980KiB
Read Merges: 16,187, 64,748KiB Write Merges: 61,744, 246,976KiB
IO unplugs: 149,614 Timer unplugs: 2,940
With the patch:
Reads Queued: 734,315, 2,937MiB Writes Queued: 300,188, 1,200MiB
Read Dispatches: 214,972, 2,937MiB Write Dispatches: 215,176, 1,200MiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 214,971, 2,937MiB Writes Completed: 215,177, 1,200MiB
Read Merges: 519,343, 2,077MiB Write Merges: 73,325, 293,300KiB
IO unplugs: 337,130 Timer unplugs: 11,184
I got ~10% to ~40% more throughput in my cases and at the same time much
lower cpu consumption when broken down per transferred kilobyte (the
majority of that due to saved interrupts and better cache handling). In a
shared SAN others might get an additional benefit as well, because this
now causes less protocol overhead.
Signed-off-by: Christian Ehrhardt <ehrhardt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are no users since commit b24028572f ("memcg: remove PCG_CACHE").
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, in memcg, 2 "MAPPED" enum/macro are found
MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED
MEM_CGROUP_STAT_FILE_MAPPED
Thier names looks similar to each other but the former is used for
accounting anonymous memory. rename it as TYPE_ANON.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MEM_CGROUP_STAT_SWAPOUT represents the usage of swap rather than
the number of swap-out events. Rename it to be MEM_CGROUP_STAT_SWAP.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If someone calls vb_alloc() (or vm_map_ram() for that matter) to allocate
0 bytes (0 pages), get_order() returns BITS_PER_LONG - PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT
and interesting stuff happens. So make debugging such problems easier and
warn about 0-size allocation.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use WARN_ON-return-value feature]
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There's a walk by repeating rb_next to find a suitable hole. Could be
simply replaced by walk on the sorted vmap_area_list. More simpler and
efficient.
Mutation of the list and tree only happens in pair within
__insert_vmap_area and __free_vmap_area, under protection of
vmap_area_lock. The patch code is also under vmap_area_lock, so the list
walk is safe, and consistent with the tree walk.
Tested on SMP by repeating batch of vmalloc anf vfree for random sizes and
rounds for hours.
Signed-off-by: Hong Zhiguo <honkiko@gmail.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The biggest changes are Intel Nehalem-EX PMU uncore support, uprobes
updates/cleanups/fixes from Oleg and diverse tooling updates (mostly
fixes) now that Arnaldo is back from vacation."
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (40 commits)
uprobes: __replace_page() needs munlock_vma_page()
uprobes: Rename vma_address() and make it return "unsigned long"
uprobes: Fix register_for_each_vma()->vma_address() check
uprobes: Introduce vaddr_to_offset(vma, vaddr)
uprobes: Teach build_probe_list() to consider the range
uprobes: Remove insert_vm_struct()->uprobe_mmap()
uprobes: Remove copy_vma()->uprobe_mmap()
uprobes: Fix overflow in vma_address()/find_active_uprobe()
uprobes: Suppress uprobe_munmap() from mmput()
uprobes: Uprobe_mmap/munmap needs list_for_each_entry_safe()
uprobes: Clean up and document write_opcode()->lock_page(old_page)
uprobes: Kill write_opcode()->lock_page(new_page)
uprobes: __replace_page() should not use page_address_in_vma()
uprobes: Don't recheck vma/f_mapping in write_opcode()
perf/x86: Fix missing struct before structure name
perf/x86: Fix format definition of SNB-EP uncore QPI box
perf/x86: Make bitfield unsigned
perf/x86: Fix LLC-* and node-* events on Intel SandyBridge
perf/x86: Add Intel Nehalem-EX uncore support
perf/x86: Fix typo in format definition of uncore PCU filter
...
There are several entry points which dirty pages in a filesystem. mmap
(handled by block_page_mkwrite()), buffered write (handled by
__generic_file_aio_write()), splice write (generic_file_splice_write),
truncate, and fallocate (these can dirty last partial page - handled inside
each filesystem separately). Protect these places with sb_start_write() and
sb_end_write().
->page_mkwrite() calls are particularly complex since they are called with
mmap_sem held and thus we cannot use standard sb_start_write() due to lock
ordering constraints. We solve the problem by using a special freeze protection
sb_start_pagefault() which ranks below mmap_sem.
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/897421
Tested-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Peter M. Petrakis <peter.petrakis@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Dann Frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Massimo Morana <massimo.morana@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
which can adapt equally well to fast/slow devices.
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Merge tag 'writeback-proportions' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux
Pull writeback updates from Wu Fengguang:
"Use time based periods to age the writeback proportions, which can
adapt equally well to fast/slow devices."
Fix up trivial conflict in comment in fs/sync.c
* tag 'writeback-proportions' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux:
writeback: Fix some comment errors
block: Convert BDI proportion calculations to flexible proportions
lib: Fix possible deadlock in flexible proportion code
lib: Proportions with flexible period
Merge Andrew's first set of patches:
"Non-MM patches:
- lots of misc bits
- tree-wide have_clk() cleanups
- quite a lot of printk tweaks. I draw your attention to "printk:
convert the format for KERN_<LEVEL> to a 2 byte pattern" which
looks a bit scary. But afaict it's solid.
- backlight updates
- lib/ feature work (notably the addition and use of memweight())
- checkpatch updates
- rtc updates
- nilfs updates
- fatfs updates (partial, still waiting for acks)
- kdump, proc, fork, IPC, sysctl, taskstats, pps, etc
- new fault-injection feature work"
* Merge emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (128 commits)
drivers/misc/lkdtm.c: fix missing allocation failure check
lib/scatterlist: do not re-write gfp_flags in __sg_alloc_table()
fault-injection: add tool to run command with failslab or fail_page_alloc
fault-injection: add selftests for cpu and memory hotplug
powerpc: pSeries reconfig notifier error injection module
memory: memory notifier error injection module
PM: PM notifier error injection module
cpu: rewrite cpu-notifier-error-inject module
fault-injection: notifier error injection
c/r: fcntl: add F_GETOWNER_UIDS option
resource: make sure requested range is included in the root range
include/linux/aio.h: cpp->C conversions
fs: cachefiles: add support for large files in filesystem caching
pps: return PTR_ERR on error in device_create
taskstats: check nla_reserve() return
sysctl: suppress kmemleak messages
ipc: use Kconfig options for __ARCH_WANT_[COMPAT_]IPC_PARSE_VERSION
ipc: compat: use signed size_t types for msgsnd and msgrcv
ipc: allow compat IPC version field parsing if !ARCH_WANT_OLD_COMPAT_IPC
ipc: add COMPAT_SHMLBA support
...
Commit a6bc32b899 ("mm: compaction: introduce sync-light migration for
use by compaction") changed the declaration of migrate_pages() and
migrate_huge_pages().
But it missed changing the argument of migrate_huge_pages() in
soft_offline_huge_page(). In this case, we should call
migrate_huge_pages() with MIGRATE_SYNC.
Additionally, there is a mismatch between type the of argument and the
function declaration for migrate_pages().
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make default vm_ops provide ->page_mkwrite handler. Currently it only updates
file's modification times and gets locked page but later it will also handle
filesystem freezing.
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/897421
Tested-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Peter M. Petrakis <peter.petrakis@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Dann Frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Massimo Morana <massimo.morana@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Filesystems wanting to properly support freezing need to have control
when file_update_time() is called. After pushing file_update_time()
to all relevant .page_mkwrite implementations we can just stop calling
file_update_time() when filesystem implements .page_mkwrite.
Tested-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Peter M. Petrakis <peter.petrakis@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Dann Frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Massimo Morana <massimo.morana@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Pull SLAB changes from Pekka Enberg:
"Most of the changes included are from Christoph Lameter's "common
slab" patch series that unifies common parts of SLUB, SLAB, and SLOB
allocators. The unification is needed for Glauber Costa's "kmem
memcg" work that will hopefully appear for v3.7.
The rest of the changes are fixes and speedups by various people."
* 'slab/next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux: (32 commits)
mm: Fix build warning in kmem_cache_create()
slob: Fix early boot kernel crash
mm, slub: ensure irqs are enabled for kmemcheck
mm, sl[aou]b: Move kmem_cache_create mutex handling to common code
mm, sl[aou]b: Use a common mutex definition
mm, sl[aou]b: Common definition for boot state of the slab allocators
mm, sl[aou]b: Extract common code for kmem_cache_create()
slub: remove invalid reference to list iterator variable
mm: Fix signal SIGFPE in slabinfo.c.
slab: move FULL state transition to an initcall
slab: Fix a typo in commit 8c138b "slab: Get rid of obj_size macro"
mm, slab: Build fix for recent kmem_cache changes
slab: rename gfpflags to allocflags
slub: refactoring unfreeze_partials()
slub: use __cmpxchg_double_slab() at interrupt disabled place
slab/mempolicy: always use local policy from interrupt context
slab: Get rid of obj_size macro
mm, sl[aou]b: Extract common fields from struct kmem_cache
slab: Remove some accessors
slab: Use page struct fields instead of casting
...
Pull DMA-mapping updates from Marek Szyprowski:
"Those patches are continuation of my earlier work.
They contains extensions to DMA-mapping framework to remove limitation
of the current ARM implementation (like limited total size of DMA
coherent/write combine buffers), improve performance of buffer sharing
between devices (attributes to skip cpu cache operations or creation
of additional kernel mapping for some specific use cases) as well as
some unification of the common code for dma_mmap_attrs() and
dma_mmap_coherent() functions. All extensions have been implemented
and tested for ARM architecture."
* 'for-linus-for-3.6-rc1' of git://git.linaro.org/people/mszyprowski/linux-dma-mapping:
ARM: dma-mapping: add support for DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC attribute
common: DMA-mapping: add DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC attribute
ARM: dma-mapping: add support for dma_get_sgtable()
common: dma-mapping: introduce dma_get_sgtable() function
ARM: dma-mapping: add support for DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING attribute
common: DMA-mapping: add DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING attribute
common: dma-mapping: add support for generic dma_mmap_* calls
ARM: dma-mapping: fix error path for memory allocation failure
ARM: dma-mapping: add more sanity checks in arm_dma_mmap()
ARM: dma-mapping: remove custom consistent dma region
mm: vmalloc: use const void * for caller argument
scatterlist: add sg_alloc_table_from_pages function
This patch changes dma-mapping subsystem to use generic vmalloc areas
for all consistent dma allocations. This increases the total size limit
of the consistent allocations and removes platform hacks and a lot of
duplicated code.
Atomic allocations are served from special pool preallocated on boot,
because vmalloc areas cannot be reliably created in atomic context.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
'const void *' is a safer type for caller function type. This patch
updates all references to caller function type.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
The label oops is used in CONFIG_DEBUG_VM ifdef block and is defined
outside ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM block. This results in the following
build warning when built with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM disabled. Fix to move
label oops definition to inside a CONFIG_DEBUG_VM block.
mm/slab_common.c: In function ‘kmem_cache_create’:
mm/slab_common.c:101:1: warning: label ‘oops’ defined but not used
[-Wunused-label]
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuah.khan@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Remove insert_vm_struct()->uprobe_mmap(). It is not needed, nobody
except arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon.c uses insert_vm_struct(vma)
with vma->vm_file != NULL.
And it is wrong. Again, get_user_pages() can not succeed before
vma_link(vma) makes is visible to find_vma(). And even if this
worked, we must not insert the new bp before this mapping is
visible to vma_prio_tree_foreach() for uprobe_unregister().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Anton Arapov <anton@redhat.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120729182238.GA20349@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Remove copy_vma()->uprobe_mmap(new_vma), it is absolutely wrong.
This new_vma was just initialized to represent the new unmapped
area, [vm_start, vm_end) was returned by get_unmapped_area() in
the caller.
This means that uprobe_mmap()->get_user_pages() will fail for
sure, simply because find_vma() can never succeed. And I
verified that sys_mremap()->mremap_to() indeed always fails with
the wrong ENOMEM code if [addr, addr+old_len] is probed.
And why this uprobe_mmap() was added? I believe the intent was
wrong. Note that the caller is going to do move_page_tables(),
all registered uprobes are already faulted in, we only change
the virtual addresses.
NOTE: However, somehow we need to close the race with
uprobe_register() which relies on map_info->vaddr. This needs
another fix I'll try to do later. Probably we need uprobe_mmap()
in move_vma() but we can not do this right now, this can confuse
uprobes_state.counter (which I still hope we are going to kill).
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Anton Arapov <anton@redhat.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120729182236.GA20342@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull final kmap_atomic cleanups from Cong Wang:
"This should be the final round of cleanup, as the definitions of enum
km_type finally get removed from the whole tree. The patches have
been in linux-next for a long time."
* 'kmap_atomic' of git://github.com/congwang/linux:
pipe: remove KM_USER0 from comments
vmalloc: remove KM_USER0 from comments
feature-removal-schedule.txt: remove kmap_atomic(page, km_type)
tile: remove km_type definitions
um: remove km_type definitions
asm-generic: remove km_type definitions
avr32: remove km_type definitions
frv: remove km_type definitions
powerpc: remove km_type definitions
arm: remove km_type definitions
highmem: remove the deprecated form of kmap_atomic
tile: remove usage of enum km_type
frv: remove the second parameter of kmap_atomic_primary()
jbd2: remove the second argument of kmap_atomic
Pull x86/mm changes from Peter Anvin:
"The big change here is the patchset by Alex Shi to use INVLPG to flush
only the affected pages when we only need to flush a small page range.
It also removes the special INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR interrupts (32
vectors!) and replace it with an ordinary IPI function call."
Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h (added code next
to changed line)
* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/tlb: Fix build warning and crash when building for !SMP
x86/tlb: do flush_tlb_kernel_range by 'invlpg'
x86/tlb: replace INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR by CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR
x86/tlb: enable tlb flush range support for x86
mm/mmu_gather: enable tlb flush range in generic mmu_gather
x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift knob into debugfs
x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift for specific CPU
x86/tlb: fall back to flush all when meet a THP large page
x86/flush_tlb: try flush_tlb_single one by one in flush_tlb_range
x86/tlb_info: get last level TLB entry number of CPU
x86: Add read_mostly declaration/definition to variables from smp.h
x86: Define early read-mostly per-cpu macros
Pull trivial tree from Jiri Kosina:
"Trivial updates all over the place as usual."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (29 commits)
Fix typo in include/linux/clk.h .
pci: hotplug: Fix typo in pci
iommu: Fix typo in iommu
video: Fix typo in drivers/video
Documentation: Add newline at end-of-file to files lacking one
arm,unicore32: Remove obsolete "select MISC_DEVICES"
module.c: spelling s/postition/position/g
cpufreq: Fix typo in cpufreq driver
trivial: typo in comment in mksysmap
mach-omap2: Fix typo in debug message and comment
scsi: aha152x: Fix sparse warning and make printing pointer address more portable.
Change email address for Steve Glendinning
Btrfs: fix typo in convert_extent_bit
via: Remove bogus if check
netprio_cgroup.c: fix comment typo
backlight: fix memory leak on obscure error path
Documentation: asus-laptop.txt references an obsolete Kconfig item
Documentation: ManagementStyle: fixed typo
mm/vmscan: cleanup comment error in balance_pgdat
mm: cleanup on the comments of zone_reclaim_stat
...
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Merge tag 'stable/for-linus-3.6-rc0-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/mm
Pull frontswap updates from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk:
"Cleanups in code and documentation. Little bit of refactoring for
cleaner look."
* tag 'stable/for-linus-3.6-rc0-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/mm:
mm/frontswap: cleanup doc and comment error
mm: frontswap: remove unneeded headers
mm: frontswap: split out function to clear a page out
mm: frontswap: remove unnecessary check during initialization
mm: frontswap: make all branches of if statement in put page consistent
mm: frontswap: split frontswap_shrink further to simplify locking
mm: frontswap: split out __frontswap_unuse_pages
mm: frontswap: split out __frontswap_curr_pages
mm: frontswap: trivial coding convention issues
mm: frontswap: remove casting from function calls through ops structure
Pull arch/tile updates from Chris Metcalf:
"These changes provide support for PCIe root complex and USB host mode
for tilegx's on-chip I/Os.
In addition, this pull provides the required underpinning for the
on-chip networking support that was pulled into 3.5. The changes have
all been through LKML (with several rounds for PCIe RC) and on
linux-next."
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile:
tile: updates to pci root complex from community feedback
bounce: allow use of bounce pool via config option
usb: add host support for the tilegx architecture
arch/tile: provide kernel support for the tilegx USB shim
tile pci: enable IOMMU to support DMA for legacy devices
arch/tile: enable ZONE_DMA for tilegx
tilegx pci: support I/O to arbitrarily-cached pages
tile: remove unused header
arch/tile: tilegx PCI root complex support
arch/tile: provide kernel support for the tilegx TRIO shim
arch/tile: break out the "csum a long" function to <asm/checksum.h>
arch/tile: provide kernel support for the tilegx mPIPE shim
arch/tile: common DMA code for the GXIO IORPC subsystem
arch/tile: support MMIO-based readb/writeb etc.
arch/tile: introduce GXIO IORPC framework for tilegx
Pull the big VFS changes from Al Viro:
"This one is *big* and changes quite a few things around VFS. What's in there:
- the first of two really major architecture changes - death to open
intents.
The former is finally there; it was very long in making, but with
Miklos getting through really hard and messy final push in
fs/namei.c, we finally have it. Unlike his variant, this one
doesn't introduce struct opendata; what we have instead is
->atomic_open() taking preallocated struct file * and passing
everything via its fields.
Instead of returning struct file *, it returns -E... on error, 0
on success and 1 in "deal with it yourself" case (e.g. symlink
found on server, etc.).
See comments before fs/namei.c:atomic_open(). That made a lot of
goodies finally possible and quite a few are in that pile:
->lookup(), ->d_revalidate() and ->create() do not get struct
nameidata * anymore; ->lookup() and ->d_revalidate() get lookup
flags instead, ->create() gets "do we want it exclusive" flag.
With the introduction of new helper (kern_path_locked()) we are rid
of all struct nameidata instances outside of fs/namei.c; it's still
visible in namei.h, but not for long. Come the next cycle,
declaration will move either to fs/internal.h or to fs/namei.c
itself. [me, miklos, hch]
- The second major change: behaviour of final fput(). Now we have
__fput() done without any locks held by caller *and* not from deep
in call stack.
That obviously lifts a lot of constraints on the locking in there.
Moreover, it's legal now to call fput() from atomic contexts (which
has immediately simplified life for aio.c). We also don't need
anti-recursion logics in __scm_destroy() anymore.
There is a price, though - the damn thing has become partially
asynchronous. For fput() from normal process we are guaranteed
that pending __fput() will be done before the caller returns to
userland, exits or gets stopped for ptrace.
For kernel threads and atomic contexts it's done via
schedule_work(), so theoretically we might need a way to make sure
it's finished; so far only one such place had been found, but there
might be more.
There's flush_delayed_fput() (do all pending __fput()) and there's
__fput_sync() (fput() analog doing __fput() immediately). I hope
we won't need them often; see warnings in fs/file_table.c for
details. [me, based on task_work series from Oleg merged last
cycle]
- sync series from Jan
- large part of "death to sync_supers()" work from Artem; the only
bits missing here are exofs and ext4 ones. As far as I understand,
those are going via the exofs and ext4 trees resp.; once they are
in, we can put ->write_super() to the rest, along with the thread
calling it.
- preparatory bits from unionmount series (from dhowells).
- assorted cleanups and fixes all over the place, as usual.
This is not the last pile for this cycle; there's at least jlayton's
ESTALE work and fsfreeze series (the latter - in dire need of fixes,
so I'm not sure it'll make the cut this cycle). I'll probably throw
symlink/hardlink restrictions stuff from Kees into the next pile, too.
Plus there's a lot of misc patches I hadn't thrown into that one -
it's large enough as it is..."
* 'for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (127 commits)
ext4: switch EXT4_IOC_RESIZE_FS to mnt_want_write_file()
btrfs: switch btrfs_ioctl_balance() to mnt_want_write_file()
switch dentry_open() to struct path, make it grab references itself
spufs: shift dget/mntget towards dentry_open()
zoran: don't bother with struct file * in zoran_map
ecryptfs: don't reinvent the wheels, please - use struct completion
don't expose I_NEW inodes via dentry->d_inode
tidy up namei.c a bit
unobfuscate follow_up() a bit
ext3: pass custom EOF to generic_file_llseek_size()
ext4: use core vfs llseek code for dir seeks
vfs: allow custom EOF in generic_file_llseek code
vfs: Avoid unnecessary WB_SYNC_NONE writeback during sys_sync and reorder sync passes
vfs: Remove unnecessary flushing of block devices
vfs: Make sys_sync writeout also block device inodes
vfs: Create function for iterating over block devices
vfs: Reorder operations during sys_sync
quota: Move quota syncing to ->sync_fs method
quota: Split dquot_quota_sync() to writeback and cache flushing part
vfs: Move noop_backing_dev_info check from sync into writeback
...
Pull x86/mce changes from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree improves the AMD thresholding bank code and includes a
memory fault signal handling fixlet."
* 'x86-mce-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/mce: Fix siginfo_t->si_addr value for non-recoverable memory faults
x86, MCE, AMD: Update copyrights and boilerplate
x86, MCE, AMD: Give proper names to the thresholding banks
x86, MCE, AMD: Make error_count read only
x86, MCE, AMD: Cleanup reading of error_count
x86, MCE, AMD: Print decimal thresholding values
x86, MCE, AMD: Move shared bank to node descriptor
x86, MCE, AMD: Remove local_allocate_... wrapper
x86, MCE, AMD: Remove shared banks sysfs linking
x86, amd_nb: Export model 0x10 and later PCI id
The tilegx USB OHCI support needs the bounce pool since we're not
using the IOMMU to handle 32-bit addresses.
Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Merge Andrew's remaining patches for 3.5:
"Nine fixes"
* Merge emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (9 commits)
mm: fix lost kswapd wakeup in kswapd_stop()
m32r: make memset() global for CONFIG_KERNEL_BZIP2=y
m32r: add memcpy() for CONFIG_KERNEL_GZIP=y
m32r: consistently use "suffix-$(...)"
m32r: fix 'fix breakage from "m32r: use generic ptrace_resume code"' fallout
m32r: fix pull clearing RESTORE_SIGMASK into block_sigmask() fallout
m32r: remove duplicate definition of PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD
mn10300: fix "pull clearing RESTORE_SIGMASK into block_sigmask()" fallout
bootmem: make ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic() really nopanic
Offlining memory may block forever, waiting for kswapd() to wake up
because kswapd() does not check the event kthread->should_stop before
sleeping.
The proper pattern, from Documentation/memory-barriers.txt, is:
--- waker ---
event_indicated = 1;
wake_up_process(event_daemon);
--- sleeper ---
for (;;) {
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
if (event_indicated)
break;
schedule();
}
set_current_state() may be wrapped by:
prepare_to_wait();
In the kswapd() case, event_indicated is kthread->should_stop.
=== offlining memory (waker) ===
kswapd_stop()
kthread_stop()
kthread->should_stop = 1
wake_up_process()
wait_for_completion()
=== kswapd_try_to_sleep (sleeper) ===
kswapd_try_to_sleep()
prepare_to_wait()
.
.
schedule()
.
.
finish_wait()
The schedule() needs to be protected by a test of kthread->should_stop,
which is wrapped by kthread_should_stop().
Reproducer:
Do heavy file I/O in background.
Do a memory offline/online in a tight loop
Signed-off-by: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In reaction to commit 99ab7b1944 ("mm: sparse: fix usemap allocation
above node descriptor section") Johannes said:
| while backporting the below patch, I realised that your fix busted
| f5bf18fa22 again. The problem was not a panicking version on
| allocation failure but when the usemap size was too large such that
| goal + size > limit triggers the BUG_ON in the bootmem allocator. So
| we need a version that passes limit ONLY if the usemap is smaller than
| the section.
after checking the code, the name of ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic()
does not reflect the fact.
Make bootmem really not panic.
Hope will kill bootmem sooner.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.3.x, 3.4.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull CMA and DMA-mapping fixes from Marek Szyprowski:
"Another set of minor fixups for recently merged Contiguous Memory
Allocator and ARM DMA-mapping changes. Those patches fix mysterious
crashes on systems with CMA and Himem enabled as well as some corner
cases caused by typical off-by-one bug."
* 'fixes-for-linus' of git://git.linaro.org/people/mszyprowski/linux-dma-mapping:
ARM: dma-mapping: modify condition check while freeing pages
mm: cma: fix condition check when setting global cma area
mm: cma: don't replace lowmem pages with highmem
boolean "does it have to be exclusive?" flag is passed instead;
Local filesystem should just ignore it - the object is guaranteed
not to be there yet.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Commit fd3142a59af2012a7c5dc72ec97a4935ff1c5fc6 broke
slob since a piece of a change for a later patch slipped into
it.
Fengguang Wu writes:
The commit crashes the kernel w/o any dmesg output (the attached one is
created by the script as a summary for that run). This is very
reproducible in kvm for the attached config.
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
memblock_free_reserved_regions() calls memblock_free(), but
memblock_free() would double reserved.regions too, so we could free the
old range for reserved.regions.
Also tj said there is another bug which could be related to this.
| I don't think we're saving any noticeable
| amount by doing this "free - give it to page allocator - reserve
| again" dancing. We should just allocate regions aligned to page
| boundaries and free them later when memblock is no longer in use.
in that case, when DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, will get panic:
memblock_free: [0x0000102febc080-0x0000102febf080] memblock_free_reserved_regions+0x37/0x39
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff88102febd948
IP: [<ffffffff836a5774>] __next_free_mem_range+0x9b/0x155
PGD 4826063 PUD cf67a067 PMD cf7fa067 PTE 800000102febd160
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
CPU 0
Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 3.5.0-rc2-next-20120614-sasha #447
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff836a5774>] [<ffffffff836a5774>] __next_free_mem_range+0x9b/0x155
See the discussion at https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/6/13/469
So try to allocate with PAGE_SIZE alignment and free it later.
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After commit f5bf18fa22 ("bootmem/sparsemem: remove limit constraint
in alloc_bootmem_section"), usemap allocations may easily be placed
outside the optimal section that holds the node descriptor, even if
there is space available in that section. This results in unnecessary
hotplug dependencies that need to have the node unplugged before the
section holding the usemap.
The reason is that the bootmem allocator doesn't guarantee a linear
search starting from the passed allocation goal but may start out at a
much higher address absent an upper limit.
Fix this by trying the allocation with the limit at the section end,
then retry without if that fails. This keeps the fix from f5bf18fa22
of not panicking if the allocation does not fit in the section, but
still makes sure to try to stay within the section at first.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.3.x, 3.4.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 238305bb4d ("mm: remove sparsemem allocation details from the
bootmem allocator") introduced a bug in the allocation goal calculation
that put section usemaps not in the same section as the node
descriptors, creating unnecessary hotplug dependencies between them:
node 0 must be removed before remove section 16399
node 1 must be removed before remove section 16399
node 2 must be removed before remove section 16399
node 3 must be removed before remove section 16399
node 4 must be removed before remove section 16399
node 5 must be removed before remove section 16399
node 6 must be removed before remove section 16399
The reason is that it applies PAGE_SECTION_MASK to the physical address
of the node descriptor when finding a suitable place to put the usemap,
when this mask is actually intended to be used with PFNs. Because the
PFN mask is wider, the target address will point beyond the wanted
section holding the node descriptor and the node must be offlined before
the section holding the usemap can go.
Fix this by extending the mask to address width before use.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
shmem_add_to_page_cache() has three callsites, but only one of them wants
the radix_tree_preload() (an exceptional entry guarantees that the radix
tree node is present in the other cases), and only that site can achieve
mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page() (PageSwapCache makes it a no-op in the
other cases). We did it this way originally to reflect
add_to_page_cache_locked(); but it's confusing now, so move the radix_tree
preloading and mem_cgroup uncharging to that one caller.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When adding the page_private checks before calling shmem_replace_page(), I
did realize that there is a further race, but thought it too unlikely to
need a hurried fix.
But independently I've been chasing why a mem cgroup's memory.stat
sometimes shows negative rss after all tasks have gone: I expected it to
be a stats gathering bug, but actually it's shmem swapping's fault.
It's an old surprise, that when you lock_page(lookup_swap_cache(swap)),
the page may have been removed from swapcache before getting the lock; or
it may have been freed and reused and be back in swapcache; and it can
even be using the same swap location as before (page_private same).
The swapoff case is already secure against this (swap cannot be reused
until the whole area has been swapped off, and a new swapped on); and
shmem_getpage_gfp() is protected by shmem_add_to_page_cache()'s check for
the expected radix_tree entry - but a little too late.
By that time, we might have already decided to shmem_replace_page(): I
don't know of a problem from that, but I'd feel more at ease not to do so
spuriously. And we have already done mem_cgroup_cache_charge(), on
perhaps the wrong mem cgroup: and this charge is not then undone on the
error path, because PageSwapCache ends up preventing that.
It's this last case which causes the occasional negative rss in
memory.stat: the page is charged here as cache, but (sometimes) found to
be anon when eventually it's uncharged - and in between, it's an
undeserved charge on the wrong memcg.
Fix this by adding an earlier check on the radix_tree entry: it's
inelegant to descend the tree twice, but swapping is not the fast path,
and a better solution would need a pair (try+commit) of memcg calls, and a
rework of shmem_replace_page() to keep out of the swapcache.
We can use the added shmem_confirm_swap() function to replace the
find_get_page+page_cache_release we were already doing on the error path.
And add a comment on that -EEXIST: it seems a peculiar errno to be using,
but originates from its use in radix_tree_insert().
[It can be surprising to see positive rss left in a memcg's memory.stat
after all tasks have gone, since it is supposed to count anonymous but not
shmem. Aside from sharing anon pages via fork with a task in some other
memcg, it often happens after swapping: because a swap page can't be freed
while under writeback, nor while locked. So it's not an error, and these
residual pages are easily freed once pressure demands.]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Revert 4fb5ef089b ("tmpfs: support SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE"). I believe
it's correct, and it's been nice to have from rc1 to rc6; but as the
original commit said:
I don't know who actually uses SEEK_DATA or SEEK_HOLE, and whether it
would be of any use to them on tmpfs. This code adds 92 lines and 752
bytes on x86_64 - is that bloat or worthwhile?
Nobody asked for it, so I conclude that it's bloat: let's revert tmpfs to
the dumb generic support for v3.5. We can always reinstate it later if
useful, and anyone needing it in a hurry can just get it out of git.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Marco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Jeff liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We should goto error to release memory resource if hotadd_new_pgdat()
failed.
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki ISIMATU <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: "Brown, Len" <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If page migration cannot charge the temporary page to the memcg,
migrate_pages() will return -ENOMEM. This isn't considered in memory
compaction however, and the loop continues to iterate over all
pageblocks trying to isolate and migrate pages. If a small number of
very large memcgs happen to be oom, however, these attempts will mostly
be futile leading to an enormous amout of cpu consumption due to the
page migration failures.
This patch will short circuit and fail memory compaction if
migrate_pages() returns -ENOMEM. COMPACT_PARTIAL is returned in case
some migrations were successful so that the page allocator will retry.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In commit dad1743e59 ("x86/mce: Only restart instruction after machine
check recovery if it is safe") we fixed mce_notify_process() to force a
signal to the current process if it was not restartable (RIPV bit not
set in MCG_STATUS). But doing it here means that the process doesn't
get told the virtual address of the fault via siginfo_t->si_addr. This
would prevent application level recovery from the fault.
Make a new MF_MUST_KILL flag bit for memory_failure() et al. to use so
that we will provide the right information with the signal.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 3.4+
kmemcheck_alloc_shadow() requires irqs to be enabled, so wait to disable
them until after its called for __GFP_WAIT allocations.
This fixes a warning for such allocations:
WARNING: at kernel/lockdep.c:2739 lockdep_trace_alloc+0x14e/0x1c0()
Acked-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Tested-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Move the mutex handling into the common kmem_cache_create()
function.
Then we can also move more checks out of SLAB's kmem_cache_create()
into the common code.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Use the mutex definition from SLAB and make it the common way to take a sleeping lock.
This has the effect of using a mutex instead of a rw semaphore for SLUB.
SLOB gains the use of a mutex for kmem_cache_create serialization.
Not needed now but SLOB may acquire some more features later (like slabinfo
/ sysfs support) through the expansion of the common code that will
need this.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
All allocators have some sort of support for the bootstrap status.
Setup a common definition for the boot states and make all slab
allocators use that definition.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Kmem_cache_create() does a variety of sanity checks but those
vary depending on the allocator. Use the strictest tests and put them into
a slab_common file. Make the tests conditional on CONFIG_DEBUG_VM.
This patch has the effect of adding sanity checks for SLUB and SLOB
under CONFIG_DEBUG_VM and removes the checks in SLAB for !CONFIG_DEBUG_VM.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
If list_for_each_entry, etc complete a traversal of the list, the iterator
variable ends up pointing to an address at an offset from the list head,
and not a meaningful structure. Thus this value should not be used after
the end of the iterator. The patch replaces s->name by al->name, which is
referenced nearby.
This problem was found using Coccinelle (http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/).
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <Julia.Lawall@lip6.fr>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Otherwise the code races with munmap (causing a use-after-free
of the vma) or with close (causing a use-after-free of the struct
file).
The bug was introduced by commit 90ed52ebe4 ("[PATCH] holepunch: fix
mmap_sem i_mutex deadlock")
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The filesystem layer expects pages in the block device's mapping to not
be in highmem (the mapping's gfp mask is set in bdget()), but CMA can
currently replace lowmem pages with highmem pages, leading to crashes in
filesystem code such as the one below:
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000400
pgd = c0c98000
[00000400] *pgd=00c91831, *pte=00000000, *ppte=00000000
Internal error: Oops: 817 [#1] PREEMPT SMP ARM
CPU: 0 Not tainted (3.5.0-rc5+ #80)
PC is at __memzero+0x24/0x80
...
Process fsstress (pid: 323, stack limit = 0xc0cbc2f0)
Backtrace:
[<c010e3f0>] (ext4_getblk+0x0/0x180) from [<c010e58c>] (ext4_bread+0x1c/0x98)
[<c010e570>] (ext4_bread+0x0/0x98) from [<c0117944>] (ext4_mkdir+0x160/0x3bc)
r4:c15337f0
[<c01177e4>] (ext4_mkdir+0x0/0x3bc) from [<c00c29e0>] (vfs_mkdir+0x8c/0x98)
[<c00c2954>] (vfs_mkdir+0x0/0x98) from [<c00c2a60>] (sys_mkdirat+0x74/0xac)
r6:00000000 r5:c152eb40 r4:000001ff r3:c14b43f0
[<c00c29ec>] (sys_mkdirat+0x0/0xac) from [<c00c2ab8>] (sys_mkdir+0x20/0x24)
r6:beccdcf0 r5:00074000 r4:beccdbbc
[<c00c2a98>] (sys_mkdir+0x0/0x24) from [<c000e3c0>] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x30)
Fix this by replacing only highmem pages with highmem.
Reported-by: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Pull block bits from Jens Axboe:
"As vacation is coming up, thought I'd better get rid of my pending
changes in my for-linus branch for this iteration. It contains:
- Two patches for mtip32xx. Killing a non-compliant sysfs interface
and moving it to debugfs, where it belongs.
- A few patches from Asias. Two legit bug fixes, and one killing an
interface that is no longer in use.
- A patch from Jan, making the annoying partition ioctl warning a bit
less annoying, by restricting it to !CAP_SYS_RAWIO only.
- Three bug fixes for drbd from Lars Ellenberg.
- A fix for an old regression for umem, it hasn't really worked since
the plugging scheme was changed in 3.0.
- A few fixes from Tejun.
- A splice fix from Eric Dumazet, fixing an issue with pipe
resizing."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
scsi: Silence unnecessary warnings about ioctl to partition
block: Drop dead function blk_abort_queue()
block: Mitigate lock unbalance caused by lock switching
block: Avoid missed wakeup in request waitqueue
umem: fix up unplugging
splice: fix racy pipe->buffers uses
drbd: fix null pointer dereference with on-congestion policy when diskless
drbd: fix list corruption by failing but already aborted reads
drbd: fix access of unallocated pages and kernel panic
xen/blkfront: Add WARN to deal with misbehaving backends.
blkcg: drop local variable @q from blkg_destroy()
mtip32xx: Create debugfs entries for troubleshooting
mtip32xx: Remove 'registers' and 'flags' from sysfs
blkcg: fix blkg_alloc() failure path
block: blkcg_policy_cfq shouldn't be used if !CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED
block: fix return value on cfq_init() failure
mtip32xx: Remove version.h header file inclusion
xen/blkback: Copy id field when doing BLKIF_DISCARD.
During kmem_cache_init_late(), we transition to the LATE state,
and after some more work, to the FULL state, its last state
This is quite different from slub, that will only transition to
its last state (previously SYSFS), in a (late)initcall, after a lot
more of the kernel is ready.
This means that in slab, we have no way to taking actions dependent
on the initialization of other pieces of the kernel that are supposed
to start way after kmem_init_late(), such as cgroups initialization.
To achieve more consistency in this behavior, that patch only
transitions to the UP state in kmem_init_late. In my analysis,
setup_cpu_cache() should be happy to test for >= UP, instead of
== FULL. It also has passed some tests I've made.
We then only mark FULL state after the reap timers are in place,
meaning that no further setup is expected.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Commit 8c138b only sits in Pekka's and linux-next tree now, which tries
to replace obj_size(cachep) with cachep->object_size, but has a typo in
kmem_cache_free() by using "size" instead of "object_size", which casues
some regressions.
Reported-and-tested-by: Fengguang Wu <wfg@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Commit 3b0efdf ("mm, sl[aou]b: Extract common fields from struct
kmem_cache") renamed the kmem_cache structure's "next" field to "list"
but forgot to update one instance in leaks_show().
Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <thierry.reding@avionic-design.de>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
A consistent name with slub saves us an acessor function.
In both caches, this field represents the same thing. We would
like to use it from the mem_cgroup code.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Conflicts:
include/linux/mmzone.h
Synced with Linus' tree so that trivial patch can be applied
on top of up-to-date code properly.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Since there are five lists in LRU cache, the array nr in get_scan_count
should be:
nr[0] = anon inactive pages to scan; nr[1] = anon active pages to scan
nr[2] = file inactive pages to scan; nr[3] = file active pages to scan
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
This patch enabled the tlb flush range support in generic mmu layer.
Most of arch has self tlb flush range support, like ARM/IA64 etc.
X86 arch has no this support in hardware yet. But another instruction
'invlpg' can implement this function in some degree. So, enable this
feather in generic layer for x86 now. and maybe useful for other archs
in further.
Generic mmu_gather struct is protected by micro
HAVE_GENERIC_MMU_GATHER. Other archs that has flush range supported
own self mmu_gather struct. So, now this change is safe for them.
In future we may unify this struct and related functions on multiple
archs.
Thanks for Peter Zijlstra time and time reminder for multiple
architecture code safe!
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-7-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
mempool_create_node() currently assumes %GFP_KERNEL. Its only user,
blk_init_free_list(), is about to be updated to use other allocation
flags - add @gfp_mask argument to the function.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
If the range passed to mbind() is not allocated on nodes set in the
nodemask, it migrates the pages to respect the constraint.
The final formal of migrate_pages() is a mode of type enum migrate_mode,
not a boolean. do_mbind() is currently passing "true" which is the
equivalent of MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT. This should instead be MIGRATE_SYNC
for synchronous page migration.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__alloc_memory_core_early() asks memblock for a range of memory then try
to reserve it. If the reserved region array lacks space for the new
range, memblock_double_array() is called to allocate more space for the
array. If memblock is used to allocate memory for the new array it can
end up using a range that overlaps with the range originally allocated in
__alloc_memory_core_early(), leading to possible data corruption.
With this patch memblock_double_array() now calls memblock_find_in_range()
with a narrowed candidate range (in cases where the reserved.regions array
is being doubled) so any memory allocated will not overlap with the
original range that was being reserved. The range is narrowed by passing
in the starting address and size of the previously allocated range. Then
the range above the ending address is searched and if a candidate is not
found, the range below the starting address is searched.
Signed-off-by: Greg Pearson <greg.pearson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix kernel-doc warnings in mm/memory.c:
Warning(mm/memory.c:1377): No description found for parameter 'start'
Warning(mm/memory.c:1377): Excess function parameter 'address' description in 'zap_page_range'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix kernel-doc warnings such as
Warning(../mm/page_cgroup.c:432): No description found for parameter 'id'
Warning(../mm/page_cgroup.c:432): Excess function parameter 'mem' description in 'swap_cgroup_record'
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrea asked for addr, end, vma->vm_start, and vma->vm_end to be emitted
when !rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem). Otherwise, debugging the
underlying issue is more difficult.
Suggested-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If use_hierarchy is set, reclaim testing soon oopses in css_is_ancestor()
called from __mem_cgroup_same_or_subtree() called from page_referenced():
when processes are exiting, it's easy for mm_match_cgroup() to pass along
a NULL memcg coming from a NULL mm->owner.
Check for that in __mem_cgroup_same_or_subtree(). Return true or false?
False because we cannot know if it was in the hierarchy, but also false
because it's better not to count a reference from an exiting process.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The divide in p->signal->oom_score_adj * totalpages / 1000 within
oom_badness() was causing an overflow of the signed long data type.
This adds both the root bias and p->signal->oom_score_adj before doing the
normalization which fixes the issue and also cleans up the calculation.
Tested-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Current implementation of unfreeze_partials() is so complicated,
but benefit from it is insignificant. In addition many code in
do {} while loop have a bad influence to a fail rate of cmpxchg_double_slab.
Under current implementation which test status of cpu partial slab
and acquire list_lock in do {} while loop,
we don't need to acquire a list_lock and gain a little benefit
when front of the cpu partial slab is to be discarded, but this is a rare case.
In case that add_partial is performed and cmpxchg_double_slab is failed,
remove_partial should be called case by case.
I think that these are disadvantages of current implementation,
so I do refactoring unfreeze_partials().
Minimizing code in do {} while loop introduce a reduced fail rate
of cmpxchg_double_slab. Below is output of 'slabinfo -r kmalloc-256'
when './perf stat -r 33 hackbench 50 process 4000 > /dev/null' is done.
** before **
Cmpxchg_double Looping
------------------------
Locked Cmpxchg Double redos 182685
Unlocked Cmpxchg Double redos 0
** after **
Cmpxchg_double Looping
------------------------
Locked Cmpxchg Double redos 177995
Unlocked Cmpxchg Double redos 1
We can see cmpxchg_double_slab fail rate is improved slightly.
Bolow is output of './perf stat -r 30 hackbench 50 process 4000 > /dev/null'.
** before **
Performance counter stats for './hackbench 50 process 4000' (30 runs):
108517.190463 task-clock # 7.926 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.24% )
2,919,550 context-switches # 0.027 M/sec ( +- 3.07% )
100,774 CPU-migrations # 0.929 K/sec ( +- 4.72% )
124,201 page-faults # 0.001 M/sec ( +- 0.15% )
401,500,234,387 cycles # 3.700 GHz ( +- 0.24% )
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
250,576,913,354 instructions # 0.62 insns per cycle ( +- 0.13% )
45,934,956,860 branches # 423.297 M/sec ( +- 0.14% )
188,219,787 branch-misses # 0.41% of all branches ( +- 0.56% )
13.691837307 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.24% )
** after **
Performance counter stats for './hackbench 50 process 4000' (30 runs):
107784.479767 task-clock # 7.928 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.22% )
2,834,781 context-switches # 0.026 M/sec ( +- 2.33% )
93,083 CPU-migrations # 0.864 K/sec ( +- 3.45% )
123,967 page-faults # 0.001 M/sec ( +- 0.15% )
398,781,421,836 cycles # 3.700 GHz ( +- 0.22% )
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
250,189,160,419 instructions # 0.63 insns per cycle ( +- 0.09% )
45,855,370,128 branches # 425.436 M/sec ( +- 0.10% )
169,881,248 branch-misses # 0.37% of all branches ( +- 0.43% )
13.596272341 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.22% )
No regression is found, but rather we can see slightly better result.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
get_freelist(), unfreeze_partials() are only called with interrupt disabled,
so __cmpxchg_double_slab() is suitable.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
slab_node() could access current->mempolicy from interrupt context.
However there's a race condition during exit where the mempolicy
is first freed and then the pointer zeroed.
Using this from interrupts seems bogus anyways. The interrupt
will interrupt a random process and therefore get a random
mempolicy. Many times, this will be idle's, which noone can change.
Just disable this here and always use local for slab
from interrupts. I also cleaned up the callers of slab_node a bit
which always passed the same argument.
I believe the original mempolicy code did that in fact,
so it's likely a regression.
v2: send version with correct logic
v3: simplify. fix typo.
Reported-by: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Cc: penberg@kernel.org
Cc: cl@linux.com
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
[tdmackey@twitter.com: Rework control flow based on feedback from
cl@linux.com, fix logic, and cleanup current task_struct reference]
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David Mackey <tdmackey@twitter.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Minchan Kim reports that when a system has many swap areas, and tmpfs
swaps out to the ninth or more, shmem_getpage_gfp()'s attempts to read
back the page cannot locate it, and the read fails with -ENOMEM.
Whoops. Yes, I blindly followed read_swap_header()'s pte_to_swp_entry(
swp_entry_to_pte()) technique for determining maximum usable swap
offset, without stopping to realize that that actually depends upon the
pte swap encoding shifting swap offset to the higher bits and truncating
it there. Whereas our radix_tree swap encoding leaves offset in the
lower bits: it's swap "type" (that is, index of swap area) that was
truncated.
Fix it by reducing the SWP_TYPE_SHIFT() in swapops.h, and removing the
broken radix_to_swp_entry(swp_to_radix_entry()) from read_swap_header().
This does not reduce the usable size of a swap area any further, it
leaves it as claimed when making the original commit: no change from 3.0
on x86_64, nor on i386 without PAE; but 3.0's 512GB is reduced to 128GB
per swapfile on i386 with PAE. It's not a change I would have risked
five years ago, but with x86_64 supported for ten years, I believe it's
appropriate now.
Hmm, and what if some architecture implements its swap pte with offset
encoded below type? That would equally break the maximum usable swap
offset check. Happily, they all follow the same tradition of encoding
offset above type, but I'll prepare a check on that for next.
Reported-and-Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org [3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull core updates (RCU and locking) from Ingo Molnar:
"Most of the diffstat comes from the RCU slow boot regression fixes,
but there's also a debuggability improvements/fixes."
* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
memblock: Document memblock_is_region_{memory,reserved}()
rcu: Precompute RCU_FAST_NO_HZ timer offsets
rcu: Move RCU_FAST_NO_HZ per-CPU variables to rcu_dynticks structure
rcu: Update RCU_FAST_NO_HZ tracing for lazy callbacks
rcu: RCU_FAST_NO_HZ detection of callback adoption
spinlock: Indicate that a lockup is only suspected
kdump: Execute kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC) after smp_send_stop()
panic: Make panic_on_oops configurable
The size of the slab object is frequently needed. Since we now
have a size field directly in the kmem_cache structure there is no
need anymore of the obj_size macro/function.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Define a struct that describes common fields used in all slab allocators.
A slab allocator either uses the common definition (like SLOB) or is
required to provide members of kmem_cache with the definition given.
After that it will be possible to share code that
only operates on those fields of kmem_cache.
The patch basically takes the slob definition of kmem cache and
uses the field namees for the other allocators.
It also standardizes the names used for basic object lengths in
allocators:
object_size Struct size specified at kmem_cache_create. Basically
the payload expected to be used by the subsystem.
size The size of memory allocator for each object. This size
is larger than object_size and includes padding, alignment
and extra metadata for each object (f.e. for debugging
and rcu).
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Those are rather trivial now and its better to see inline what is
really going on.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Add fields to the page struct so that it is properly documented that
slab overlays the lru fields.
This cleans up some casts in slab.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Those have become so simple that they are no longer needed.
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Define the fields used by slob in mm_types.h and use struct page instead
of struct slob_page in slob. This cleans up numerous of typecasts in slob.c and
makes readers aware of slob's use of page struct fields.
[Also cleans up some bitrot in slob.c. The page struct field layout
in slob.c is an old layout and does not match the one in mm_types.h]
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Dave Jones reported a kernel BUG at mm/slub.c:3474! triggered
by splice_shrink_spd() called from vmsplice_to_pipe()
commit 35f3d14dbb (pipe: add support for shrinking and growing pipes)
added capability to adjust pipe->buffers.
Problem is some paths don't hold pipe mutex and assume pipe->buffers
doesn't change for their duration.
Fix this by adding nr_pages_max field in struct splice_pipe_desc, and
use it in place of pipe->buffers where appropriate.
splice_shrink_spd() loses its struct pipe_inode_info argument.
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 2.6.35
Tested-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
The check whether frontswap is enabled or not is done in the API functions in
the frontswap header, before they are passed to the internal
double-underscored frontswap functions.
Remove the check from __frontswap_init for consistency.
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Currently it has a complex structure where different things are compared
at each branch. Simplify that and make both branches look similar.
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Split frontswap_shrink to simplify the locking in the original code.
Also, assert that the function that was split still runs under the
swap spinlock.
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
An attempt at making frontswap_shrink shorter and more readable. This patch
splits out walking through the swap list to find an entry with enough
pages to unuse.
Also, assert that the internal __frontswap_unuse_pages is called under swap
lock, since that part of code was previously directly happen inside the lock.
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Code was duplicated in two functions, clean it up.
Also, assert that the deduplicated code runs under the swap spinlock.
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Convert calculations of proportion of writeback each bdi does to new flexible
proportion code. That allows us to use aging period of fixed wallclock time
which gives better proportion estimates given the hugely varying throughput of
different devices.
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
If the privileges given to root threads (3% of allowable memory) or a
negative value of /proc/pid/oom_score_adj happen to exceed the amount of
rss of a thread, its badness score overflows as a result of commit
a7f638f999 ("mm, oom: normalize oom scores to oom_score_adj scale only
for userspace").
Fix this by making the type signed and return 1, meaning the thread is
still eligible for kill, if the value is negative.
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
At first glance one would think that memblock_is_region_memory()
and memblock_is_region_reserved() would be implemented in the
same way. Unfortunately they aren't and the former returns
whether the region specified is a subset of a memory bank while
the latter returns whether the region specified intersects with
reserved memory.
Document the two functions so that users aren't tempted to
make the implementation the same between them and to clarify the
purpose of the functions.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1337845521-32755-1-git-send-email-sboyd@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Commit bde05d1ccd ("shmem: replace page if mapping excludes its zone")
is not at all likely to break for anyone, but it was an earlier version
from before review feedback was incorporated. Fix that up now.
* shmem_replace_page must flush_dcache_page after copy_highpage [akpm]
* Expand comment on why shmem_unuse_inode needs page_swapcount [akpm]
* Remove excess of VM_BUG_ONs from shmem_replace_page [wangcong]
* Check page_private matches swap before calling shmem_replace_page [hughd]
* shmem_replace_page allow for unexpected race in radix_tree lookup [hughd]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Stephane Marchesin <marcheu@chromium.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Rob Clark <rob.clark@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull signal and vfs compile breakage fixes from Al Viro.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal:
fixups for signal breakage
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
nommu: fix compilation of nommu.c
Compiling 3.5-rc1 for nommu targets gives:
CC mm/nommu.o
mm/nommu.c: In function ‘sys_mmap_pgoff’:
mm/nommu.c:1489:2: error: ‘ret’ undeclared (first use in this function)
mm/nommu.c:1489:2: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
It is trivially fixed by replacing 'ret' with the local variable that is
already defined for the return value 'retval'.
Signed-off-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
In some environments, dramatic performance savings may be obtained because
swapped pages are saved in RAM (or a RAM-like device) instead of a swap disk.
This tag provides the basic infrastructure along with some changes to the
existing backends.
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Merge tag 'stable/frontswap.v16-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/mm
Pull frontswap feature from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk:
"Frontswap provides a "transcendent memory" interface for swap pages.
In some environments, dramatic performance savings may be obtained
because swapped pages are saved in RAM (or a RAM-like device) instead
of a swap disk. This tag provides the basic infrastructure along with
some changes to the existing backends."
Fix up trivial conflict in mm/Makefile due to removal of swap token code
changing a line next to the new frontswap entry.
This pull request came in before the merge window even opened, it got
delayed to after the merge window by me just wanting to make sure it had
actual users. Apparently IBM is using this on their embedded side, and
Jan Beulich says that it's already made available for SLES and OpenSUSE
users.
Also acked by Rik van Riel, and Konrad points to other people liking it
too. So in it goes.
By Dan Magenheimer (4) and Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk (2)
via Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk
* tag 'stable/frontswap.v16-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/mm:
frontswap: s/put_page/store/g s/get_page/load
MAINTAINER: Add myself for the frontswap API
mm: frontswap: config and doc files
mm: frontswap: core frontswap functionality
mm: frontswap: core swap subsystem hooks and headers
mm: frontswap: add frontswap header file
* Fix a merge conflict in mm/slub.c::acquire_slab() due to commit 02d7633
("slub: fix a memory leak in get_partial_node()").
Conflicts:
mm/slub.c
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
This reverts commit 5ceb9ce6fe.
That commit seems to be the cause of the mm compation list corruption
issues that Dave Jones reported. The locking (or rather, absense
there-of) is dubious, as is the use of the 'page' variable once it has
been found to be outside the pageblock range.
So revert it for now, we can re-visit this for 3.6. If we even need to:
as Minchan Kim says, "The patch wasn't a bug fix and even test workload
was very theoretical".
Reported-and-tested-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
New tmpfs use of !PageUptodate pages for fallocate() is triggering the
WARNING: at mm/page-writeback.c:1990 when __set_page_dirty_nobuffers()
is called from migrate_page_copy() for compaction.
It is anomalous that migration should use __set_page_dirty_nobuffers()
on an address_space that does not participate in dirty and writeback
accounting; and this has also been observed to insert surprising dirty
tags into a tmpfs radix_tree, despite tmpfs not using tags at all.
We should probably give migrate_page_copy() a better way to preserve the
tag and migrate accounting info, when mapping_cap_account_dirty(). But
that needs some more work: so in the interim, avoid the warning by using
a simple SetPageDirty on PageSwapBacked pages.
Reported-and-tested-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull slab updates from Pekka Enberg:
"Mainly a bunch of SLUB fixes from Joonsoo Kim"
* 'slab/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
slub: use __SetPageSlab function to set PG_slab flag
slub: fix a memory leak in get_partial_node()
slub: remove unused argument of init_kmem_cache_node()
slub: fix a possible memory leak
Documentations: Fix slabinfo.c directory in vm/slub.txt
slub: fix incorrect return type of get_any_partial()
Pull vfs changes from Al Viro.
"A lot of misc stuff. The obvious groups:
* Miklos' atomic_open series; kills the damn abuse of
->d_revalidate() by NFS, which was the major stumbling block for
all work in that area.
* ripping security_file_mmap() and dealing with deadlocks in the
area; sanitizing the neighborhood of vm_mmap()/vm_munmap() in
general.
* ->encode_fh() switched to saner API; insane fake dentry in
mm/cleancache.c gone.
* assorted annotations in fs (endianness, __user)
* parts of Artem's ->s_dirty work (jff2 and reiserfs parts)
* ->update_time() work from Josef.
* other bits and pieces all over the place.
Normally it would've been in two or three pull requests, but
signal.git stuff had eaten a lot of time during this cycle ;-/"
Fix up trivial conflicts in Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt (the
'truncate_range' inode method was removed by the VM changes, the VFS
update adds an 'update_time()' method), and in fs/btrfs/ulist.[ch] (due
to sparse fix added twice, with other changes nearby).
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (95 commits)
nfs: don't open in ->d_revalidate
vfs: retry last component if opening stale dentry
vfs: nameidata_to_filp(): don't throw away file on error
vfs: nameidata_to_filp(): inline __dentry_open()
vfs: do_dentry_open(): don't put filp
vfs: split __dentry_open()
vfs: do_last() common post lookup
vfs: do_last(): add audit_inode before open
vfs: do_last(): only return EISDIR for O_CREAT
vfs: do_last(): check LOOKUP_DIRECTORY
vfs: do_last(): make ENOENT exit RCU safe
vfs: make follow_link check RCU safe
vfs: do_last(): use inode variable
vfs: do_last(): inline walk_component()
vfs: do_last(): make exit RCU safe
vfs: split do_lookup()
Btrfs: move over to use ->update_time
fs: introduce inode operation ->update_time
reiserfs: get rid of resierfs_sync_super
reiserfs: mark the superblock as dirty a bit later
...
Btrfs has to make sure we have space to allocate new blocks in order to modify
the inode, so updating time can fail. We've gotten around this by having our
own file_update_time but this is kind of a pain, and Christoph has indicated he
would like to make xfs do something different with atime updates. So introduce
->update_time, where we will deal with i_version an a/m/c time updates and
indicate which changes need to be made. The normal version just does what it
has always done, updates the time and marks the inode dirty, and then
filesystems can choose to do something different.
I've gone through all of the users of file_update_time and made them check for
errors with the exception of the fault code since it's complicated and I wasn't
quite sure what to do there, also Jan is going to be pushing the file time
updates into page_mkwrite for those who have it so that should satisfy btrfs and
make it not a big deal to check the file_update_time() return code in the
generic fault path. Thanks,
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
take it to mm/util.c, convert vm_mmap() to use of that one and
take it to mm/util.c as well, convert both sys_mmap_pgoff() to
use of vm_mmap_pgoff()
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
it really should be done by get_unmapped_area(); that cuts down on
the amount of callers considerably and it's the right place for
that stuff anyway.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Avoid passing the kmem_cache_cpu pointer to node_match. This makes the
node_match function more generic and easier to understand.
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Store the value of c->page to avoid additional fetches
from per cpu data.
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Processing on fields of kmem_cache_cpu is cleaner if code working on fields
of this struct is taken out of deactivate_slab().
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The node field is always page_to_nid(c->page). So its rather easy to
replace. Note that there maybe slightly more overhead in various hot paths
due to the need to shift the bits from page->flags. However, that is mostly
compensated for by a smaller footprint of the kmem_cache_cpu structure (this
patch reduces that to 3 words per cache) which allows better caching.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Moving the attempt to get a slab page from the partial lists simplifies
__slab_alloc which is rather complicated.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Avoid the loop in acquire slab and simply fail if there is a conflict.
This will cause the next page on the list to be considered.
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Verify that objects returned from __slab_alloc come from slab pages
in the correct state.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The variable "object" really refers to a list of objects that we
are handling.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Merge misc patches from Andrew Morton:
- the "misc" tree - stuff from all over the map
- checkpatch updates
- fatfs
- kmod changes
- procfs
- cpumask
- UML
- kexec
- mqueue
- rapidio
- pidns
- some checkpoint-restore feature work. Reluctantly. Most of it
delayed a release. I'm still rather worried that we don't have a
clear roadmap to completion for this work.
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (78 patches)
kconfig: update compression algorithm info
c/r: prctl: add ability to set new mm_struct::exe_file
c/r: prctl: extend PR_SET_MM to set up more mm_struct entries
c/r: procfs: add arg_start/end, env_start/end and exit_code members to /proc/$pid/stat
syscalls, x86: add __NR_kcmp syscall
fs, proc: introduce /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children entry
sysctl: make kernel.ns_last_pid control dependent on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
aio/vfs: cleanup of rw_copy_check_uvector() and compat_rw_copy_check_uvector()
eventfd: change int to __u64 in eventfd_signal()
fs/nls: add Apple NLS
pidns: make killed children autoreap
pidns: use task_active_pid_ns in do_notify_parent
rapidio/tsi721: add DMA engine support
rapidio: add DMA engine support for RIO data transfers
ipc/mqueue: add rbtree node caching support
tools/selftests: add mq_perf_tests
ipc/mqueue: strengthen checks on mqueue creation
ipc/mqueue: correct mq_attr_ok test
ipc/mqueue: improve performance of send/recv
selftests: add mq_open_tests
...
A cleanup of rw_copy_check_uvector and compat_rw_copy_check_uvector after
changes made to support CMA in an earlier patch.
Rather than having an additional check_access parameter to these
functions, the first paramater type is overloaded to allow the caller to
specify CHECK_IOVEC_ONLY which means check that the contents of the iovec
are valid, but do not check the memory that they point to. This is used
by process_vm_readv/writev where we need to validate that a iovec passed
to the syscall is valid but do not want to check the memory that it points
to at this point because it refers to an address space in another process.
Signed-off-by: Chris Yeoh <yeohc@au1.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
file_remove_suid() is a generic function operates on struct file,
it almost has no relations with file mapping, so move it to fs/inode.c.
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
hugetlb_reserve_pages() can be used for either normal file-backed
hugetlbfs mappings, or MAP_HUGETLB. In the MAP_HUGETLB, semi-anonymous
mode, there is not a VMA around. The new call to resv_map_put() assumed
that there was, and resulted in a NULL pointer dereference:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000030
IP: vma_resv_map+0x9/0x30
PGD 141453067 PUD 1421e1067 PMD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
...
Pid: 14006, comm: trinity-child6 Not tainted 3.4.0+ #36
RIP: vma_resv_map+0x9/0x30
...
Process trinity-child6 (pid: 14006, threadinfo ffff8801414e0000, task ffff8801414f26b0)
Call Trace:
resv_map_put+0xe/0x40
hugetlb_reserve_pages+0xa6/0x1d0
hugetlb_file_setup+0x102/0x2c0
newseg+0x115/0x360
ipcget+0x1ce/0x310
sys_shmget+0x5a/0x60
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
This was reported by Dave Jones, but was reproducible with the
libhugetlbfs test cases, so shame on me for not running them in the
first place.
With this, the oops is gone, and the output of libhugetlbfs's
run_tests.py is identical to plain 3.4 again.
[ Marked for stable, since this was introduced by commit c50ac05081
("hugetlb: fix resv_map leak in error path") which was also marked for
stable ]
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.32+]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pass inode + parent's inode or NULL instead of dentry + bool saying
whether we want the parent or not.
NOTE: that needs ceph fix folded in.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
We call the destroy function when a cgroup starts to be removed, such as
by a rmdir event.
However, because of our reference counters, some objects are still
inflight. Right now, we are decrementing the static_keys at destroy()
time, meaning that if we get rid of the last static_key reference, some
objects will still have charges, but the code to properly uncharge them
won't be run.
This becomes a problem specially if it is ever enabled again, because now
new charges will be added to the staled charges making keeping it pretty
much impossible.
We just need to be careful with the static branch activation: since there
is no particular preferred order of their activation, we need to make sure
that we only start using it after all call sites are active. This is
achieved by having a per-memcg flag that is only updated after
static_key_slow_inc() returns. At this time, we are sure all sites are
active.
This is made per-memcg, not global, for a reason: it also has the effect
of making socket accounting more consistent. The first memcg to be
limited will trigger static_key() activation, therefore, accounting. But
all the others will then be accounted no matter what. After this patch,
only limited memcgs will have its sockets accounted.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: move enum sock_flag_bits into sock.h,
document enum sock_flag_bits,
convert memcg_proto_active() and memcg_proto_activated() to test_bit(),
redo tcp_update_limit() comment to 80 cols]
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Right now we free struct memcg with kfree right after a rcu grace period,
but defer it if we need to use vfree() to get rid of that memory area. We
do that by need, because we need vfree to be called in a process context.
This patch unifies this behavior, by ensuring that even kfree will happen
in a separate thread. The goal is to have a stable place to call the
upcoming jump label destruction function outside the realm of the
complicated and quite far-reaching cgroup lock (that can't be held when
holding either the cpu_hotplug.lock or jump_label_mutex)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment]
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Take lruvec further: pass it instead of zone to add_page_to_lru_list() and
del_page_from_lru_list(); and pagevec_lru_move_fn() pass lruvec down to
its target functions.
This cleanup eliminates a swathe of cruft in memcontrol.c, including
mem_cgroup_lru_add_list(), mem_cgroup_lru_del_list() and
mem_cgroup_lru_move_lists() - which never actually touched the lists.
In their place, mem_cgroup_page_lruvec() to decide the lruvec, previously
a side-effect of add, and mem_cgroup_update_lru_size() to maintain the
lru_size stats.
Whilst these are simplifications in their own right, the goal is to bring
the evaluation of lruvec next to the spin_locking of the lrus, in
preparation for a future patch.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Utter trivia in mm/vmscan.c, mostly just reducing the linecount slightly;
most exciting change being get_scan_count() calling vmscan_swappiness()
once instead of twice.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Konstantin just introduced mem_cgroup_get_lruvec_size() and
get_lruvec_size(), I'm about to add mem_cgroup_update_lru_size(): but
we're dealing with the same thing, lru_size[lru]. We ought to agree on
the naming, and I do think lru_size is the more correct: so rename his
ones to get_lru_size().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Directly print statistics and event counters instead of going through an
intermediate accumulation stage into a separate array, which used to
require defining statistic items in more than one place.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The counter of currently swapped out pages in a memcg (hierarchy) is
sitting amidst ever-increasing event counters. Move this item to the
other counters that reflect current state rather than history.
This technically breaks the kernel ABI, but hopefully nobody relies on the
order of items in memory.stat.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All events except the ratelimit counter are statistics exported to
userspace. Keep this internal value out of the event count array.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Being able to use seq_printf() allows being smarter about statistics
name strings, which are currently listed twice, with the only difference
being a "total_" prefix on the hierarchical version.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of using the raw seq_file file interface, switch over to the
read_seq_string cftype callback and let cgroup core code set up the
seq_file.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MEM_CGROUP_STAT_DATA is a leftover from when item counters were living in
the same array as ever-increasing event counters. It's no longer needed,
use MEM_CGROUP_STAT_NSTATS to iterate over the stat array.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Presently, at removal of cgroup, ->pre_destroy() is called and moves
charges to the parent cgroup. A major reason for returning -EBUSY from
->pre_destroy() is that the 'moving' hits the parent's resource
limitation. It happens only when use_hierarchy=0.
Considering use_hierarchy=0, all cgroups should be flat. So, no one
cannot justify moving charges to parent...parent and children are in flat
configuration, not hierarchical.
This patch modifes the code to move charges to the root cgroup at
rmdir/force_empty if use_hierarchy==0. This will much simplify rmdir()
and reduce error in ->pre_destroy.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Kill struct mem_cgroup_zone and rename shrink_mem_cgroup_zone() to
shrink_lruvec(), it always shrinks one lruvec which it takes as an
argument.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If memory cgroup is enabled we always use lruvecs which are embedded into
struct mem_cgroup_per_zone, so we can reach lru_size counters via
container_of().
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As zone_reclaim_stat is now located in the lruvec, we can reach it
directly.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
update_isolated_counts() is no longer required, because lumpy-reclaim was
removed. Insanity is over, now there is only one kind of inactive page.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It doesn't need a pointer to the cgroup - pointer to the zone is enough.
This patch also kills the "mz" argument of page_check_references() - it is
unused after "mm: memcg: count pte references from every member of the
reclaimed hierarch"
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move the mem_cgroup_zone_lruvec() call from isolate_lru_pages() into
shrink_[in]active_list(). Further patches push it to shrink_zone() step
by step.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is the first stage of struct mem_cgroup_zone removal. Further
patches replace struct mem_cgroup_zone with a pointer to struct lruvec.
If CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR=n lruvec_zone() is just container_of().
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In memory reclaim some function have too many arguments - "priority" is
one of them. It can be stored in struct scan_control - we construct them
on the same level. Instead of an open coded loop we set the initial
sc.priority, and do_try_to_free_pages() decreases it down to zero.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use vm_swappiness from memory cgroup which is triggered this memory
reclaim. This is more reasonable and allows to kill one argument.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build (patch skew)]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujtisu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With mem_cgroup_disabled() now explicit, it becomes clear that the
zone_reclaim_stat structure actually belongs in lruvec, per-zone when
memcg is disabled but per-memcg per-zone when it's enabled.
We can delete mem_cgroup_get_reclaim_stat(), and change
update_page_reclaim_stat() to update just the one set of stats, the one
which get_scan_count() will actually use.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Index current_threshold may point to threshold that just equal to usage
after last call of __mem_cgroup_threshold. But after registering a new
event, it will change (pointing to threshold just below usage). So make
it consistent here.
For example:
now:
threshold array: 3 [5] 7 9 (usage = 6, [index] = 5)
next turn (after calling __mem_cgroup_threshold):
threshold array: 3 5 [7] 9 (usage = 7, [index] = 7)
after registering a new event (threshold = 10):
threshold array: 3 [5] 7 9 10 (usage = 7, [index] = 5)
Signed-off-by: Sha Zhengju <handai.szj@taobao.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Although one has to admire the skill with which it has been concealed,
scanning_global_lru(mz) is actually just an interesting way to test
mem_cgroup_disabled(). Too many developer hours have been wasted on
confusing it with global_reclaim(): just use mem_cgroup_disabled().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It fixes a lot of sparse warnings.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mm/memcontrol.c: In function `mc_handle_file_pte':
mm/memcontrol.c:5206:16: warning: variable `inode' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Based on sparse output.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch kills mem_cgroup_lru_del(), we can use
mem_cgroup_lru_del_list() instead. On 0-order isolation we already have
right lru list id.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After patch "mm: forbid lumpy-reclaim in shrink_active_list()" we can
completely remove anon/file and active/inactive lru type filters from
__isolate_lru_page(), because isolation for 0-order reclaim always
isolates pages from right lru list. And pages-isolation for lumpy
shrink_inactive_list() or memory-compaction anyway allowed to isolate
pages from all evictable lru lists.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Let's toss lru index through call stack to isolate_lru_pages(), this is
better than its reconstructing from individual bits.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix kerneldoc, per Minchan]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
That stuff __mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin() does with a swap entry, it
has a name and even a declaration: just use mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The need_fixup arg to mem_cgroup_move_swap_account() is always false,
so just remove it.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch changes memcg's behavior at task_move().
At task_move(), the kernel scans a task's page table and move the changes
for mapped pages from source cgroup to target cgroup. There has been a
bug at handling shared anonymous pages for a long time.
Before patch:
- The spec says 'shared anonymous pages are not moved.'
- The implementation was 'shared anonymoys pages may be moved'.
If page_mapcount <=2, shared anonymous pages's charge were moved.
After patch:
- The spec says 'all anonymous pages are moved'.
- The implementation is 'all anonymous pages are moved'.
Considering usage of memcg, this will not affect user's experience.
'shared anonymous' pages only exists between a tree of processes which
don't do exec(). Moving one of process without exec() seems not sane.
For example, libcgroup will not be affected by this change. (Anyway, no
one noticed the implementation for a long time...)
Below is a discussion log:
- current spec/implementation are complex
- Now, shared file caches are moved
- It adds unclear check as page_mapcount(). To do correct check,
we should check swap users, etc.
- No one notice this implementation behavior. So, no one get benefit
from the design.
- In general, once task is moved to a cgroup for running, it will not
be moved....
- Finally, we have control knob as memory.move_charge_at_immigrate.
Here is a patch to allow moving shared pages, completely. This makes
memcg simpler and fix current broken code.
Suggested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The overall memblock has been organized into the memory regions and
reserved regions. Initially, the memory regions and reserved regions are
stored in the predetermined arrays of "struct memblock _region". It's
possible for the arrays to be enlarged when we have newly added regions,
but no free space left there. The policy here is to create double-sized
array either by slab allocator or memblock allocator. Unfortunately, we
didn't free the old array, which might be allocated through slab allocator
before. That would cause memory leak.
The patch introduces 2 variables to trace where (slab or memblock) the
memory and reserved regions come from. The memory for the memory or
reserved regions will be deallocated by kfree() if that was allocated by
slab allocator. Thus to fix the memory leak issue.
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The overall memblock has been organized into the memory regions and
reserved regions. Initially, the memory regions and reserved regions are
stored in the predetermined arrays of "struct memblock _region". It's
possible for the arrays to be enlarged when we have newly added regions
for them, but no enough space there. Under the situation, We will created
double-sized array to meet the requirement. However, the original
implementation converted the VA (Virtual Address) of the newly allocated
array of regions to PA (Physical Address), then translate back when we
allocates the new array from slab. That's actually unnecessary.
The patch removes the duplicate VA/PA conversion.
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Transparent huge pages can change page->flags (PG_compound_lock) without
taking Slab lock. Since THP can not break slab pages we can safely access
compound page without taking compound lock.
Specifically this patch fixes a race between compound_unlock() and slab
functions which perform page-flags updates. This can occur when
get_page()/put_page() is called on a page from slab.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment text, fix comment layout, fix label indenting]
Reported-by: Amey Bhide <abhide@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The transfer of ->flags causes some of the static mapping virtual
addresses to be prematurely freed (before the mapping is removed) because
VM_LAZY_FREE gets "set" if tmp->flags has VM_IOREMAP set. This might
cause subsequent vmalloc/ioremap calls to fail because it might allocate
one of the freed virtual address ranges that aren't unmapped.
va->flags has different types of flags from tmp->flags. If a region with
VM_IOREMAP set is registered with vm_area_add_early(), it will be removed
by __purge_vmap_area_lazy().
Fix vmalloc_init() to correctly initialize vmap_area for the given
vm_struct.
Also initialise va->vm. If it is not set, find_vm_area() for the early
vm regions will always fail.
Signed-off-by: KyongHo Cho <pullip.cho@samsung.com>
Cc: "Olav Haugan" <ohaugan@codeaurora.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The oom_score_adj scale ranges from -1000 to 1000 and represents the
proportion of memory available to the process at allocation time. This
means an oom_score_adj value of 300, for example, will bias a process as
though it was using an extra 30.0% of available memory and a value of
-350 will discount 35.0% of available memory from its usage.
The oom killer badness heuristic also uses this scale to report the oom
score for each eligible process in determining the "best" process to
kill. Thus, it can only differentiate each process's memory usage by
0.1% of system RAM.
On large systems, this can end up being a large amount of memory: 256MB
on 256GB systems, for example.
This can be fixed by having the badness heuristic to use the actual
memory usage in scoring threads and then normalizing it to the
oom_score_adj scale for userspace. This results in better comparison
between eligible threads for kill and no change from the userspace
perspective.
Suggested-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sometimes we'd like to avoid swapping out anonymous memory. In
particular, avoid swapping out pages of important process or process
groups while there is a reasonable amount of pagecache on RAM so that we
can satisfy our customers' requirements.
OTOH, we can control how aggressive the kernel will swap memory pages with
/proc/sys/vm/swappiness for global and
/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory.swappiness for each memcg.
But with current reclaim implementation, the kernel may swap out even if
we set swappiness=0 and there is pagecache in RAM.
This patch changes the behavior with swappiness==0. If we set
swappiness==0, the kernel does not swap out completely (for global reclaim
until the amount of free pages and filebacked pages in a zone has been
reduced to something very very small (nr_free + nr_filebacked < high
watermark)).
Signed-off-by: Satoru Moriya <satoru.moriya@hds.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When called for anonymous (non-shared) mappings, hugetlb_reserve_pages()
does a resv_map_alloc(). It depends on code in hugetlbfs's
vm_ops->close() to release that allocation.
However, in the mmap() failure path, we do a plain unmap_region() without
the remove_vma() which actually calls vm_ops->close().
This is a decent fix. This leak could get reintroduced if new code (say,
after hugetlb_reserve_pages() in hugetlbfs_file_mmap()) decides to return
an error. But, I think it would have to unroll the reservation anyway.
Christoph's test case:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=133728900729735
This patch applies to 3.4 and later. A version for earlier kernels is at
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/5/22/418.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Tested-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.32+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The objects of "struct bootmem_data_t" are linked together to form
double-linked list sequentially based on its minimal page frame number.
The current implementation implicitly supports the following cases,
which means the inserting point for current bootmem data depends on how
"list_for_each" works. That makes the code a little hard to read.
Besides, "list_for_each" and "list_entry" can be replaced with
"list_for_each_entry".
- The linked list is empty.
- There has no entry in the linked list, whose minimal page
frame number is bigger than current one.
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 6457474624 ("vmscan: detect mapped file pages used only once")
made mapped pages have another round in inactive list because they might
be just short lived and so we could consider them again next time. This
heuristic helps to reduce pressure on the active list with a streaming
IO worklods.
This patch fixes a regression introduced by this commit for heavy shmem
based workloads because unlike Anon pages, which are excluded from this
heuristic because they are usually long lived, shmem pages are handled
as a regular page cache.
This doesn't work quite well, unfortunately, if the workload is mostly
backed by shmem (in memory database sitting on 80% of memory) with a
streaming IO in the background (backup - up to 20% of memory). Anon
inactive list is full of (dirty) shmem pages when watermarks are hit.
Shmem pages are kept in the inactive list (they are referenced) in the
first round and it is hard to reclaim anything else so we reach lower
scanning priorities very quickly which leads to an excessive swap out.
Let's fix this by excluding all swap backed pages (they tend to be long
lived wrt. the regular page cache anyway) from used-once heuristic and
rather activate them if they are referenced.
The customer's workload is shmem backed database (80% of RAM) and they
are measuring transactions/s with an IO in the background (20%).
Transactions touch more or less random rows in the table. The
transaction rate fell by a factor of 3 (in the worst case) because of
commit 64574746. This patch restores the previous numbers.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.34+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
String tables with names of enum items are always prone to go out of
sync with the enums themselves. Ensure during compile time that the
name table of page flags has the same size as the page flags enum.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The array pageflag_names[] does conversion from page flags into their
corresponding names so that a meaningful representation of the
corresponding page flag can be printed. This mechanism is used while
dumping page frames. However, the array missed PG_compound_lock. So
the PG_compound_lock page flag would be printed as a digital number
instead of a meaningful string.
The patch fixes that and prints "compound_lock" for the PG_compound_lock
page flag.
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is better to define readahead(2) in mm/readahead.c than in
mm/filemap.c.
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's quite easy for tmpfs to scan the radix_tree to support llseek's new
SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE options: so add them while the minutiae are still
on my mind (in particular, the !PageUptodate-ness of pages fallocated but
still unwritten).
But I don't know who actually uses SEEK_DATA or SEEK_HOLE, and whether it
would be of any use to them on tmpfs. This code adds 92 lines and 752
bytes on x86_64 - is that bloat or worthwhile?
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning with CONFIG_TMPFS=n]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Marco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Jeff liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Sunil Mushran <sunil.mushran@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As it stands, a large fallocate() on tmpfs is liable to fill memory with
pages, freed on failure except when they run into swap, at which point
they become fixed into the file despite the failure. That feels quite
wrong, to be consuming resources precisely when they're in short supply.
Go the other way instead: shmem_fallocate() indicate the range it has
fallocated to shmem_writepage(), keeping count of pages it's allocating;
shmem_writepage() reactivate instead of swapping out pages fallocated by
this syscall (but happily swap out those from earlier occasions), keeping
count; shmem_fallocate() compare counts and give up once the reactivated
pages have started to coming back to writepage (approximately: some zones
would in fact recycle faster than others).
This is a little unusual, but works well: although we could consider the
failure to swap as a bug, and fix it later with SWAP_MAP_FALLOC handling
added in swapfile.c and memcontrol.c, I doubt that we shall ever want to.
(If there's no swap, an over-large fallocate() on tmpfs is limited in the
same way as writing: stopped by rlimit, or by tmpfs mount size if that was
set sensibly, or by __vm_enough_memory() heuristics if OVERCOMMIT_GUESS or
OVERCOMMIT_NEVER. If OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS, then it is liable to OOM-kill
others as writing would, but stops and frees if interrupted.)
Now that everything is freed on failure, we can then skip updating ctime.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the previous episode, we left the already-fallocated pages attached to
the file when shmem_fallocate() fails part way through.
Now try to do better, by extending the earlier optimization of !Uptodate
pages (then always under page lock) to !Uptodate pages (outside of page
lock), representing fallocated pages. And don't waste time clearing them
at the time of fallocate(), leave that until later if necessary.
Adapt shmem_truncate_range() to shmem_undo_range(), so that a failing
fallocate can recognize and remove precisely those !Uptodate allocations
which it added (and were not independently allocated by racing tasks).
But unless we start playing with swapfile.c and memcontrol.c too, once one
of our fallocated pages reaches shmem_writepage(), we do then have to
instantiate it as an ordinarily allocated page, before swapping out. This
is unsatisfactory, but improved in the next episode.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The systemd plumbers expressed a wish that tmpfs support preallocation.
Cong Wang wrote a patch, but several kernel guys expressed scepticism:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/11/18/137
Christoph Hellwig: What for exactly? Please explain why preallocating on
tmpfs would make any sense.
Kay Sievers: To be able to safely use mmap(), regarding SIGBUS, on files
on the /dev/shm filesystem. The glibc fallback loop for -ENOSYS [or
-EOPNOTSUPP] on fallocate is just ugly.
Hugh Dickins: If tmpfs is going to support
fallocate(FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE), it would seem perverse to permit the
deallocation but fail the allocation. Christoph Hellwig: Agreed.
Now that we do have shmem_fallocate() for hole-punching, plumb in basic
support for preallocation mode too. It's fairly straightforward (though
quite a few details needed attention), except for when it fails part way
through. What a pity that fallocate(2) was not specified to return the
length allocated, permitting short fallocations!
As it is, when it fails part way through, we ought to free what has just
been allocated by this system call; but must be very sure not to free any
allocated earlier, or any allocated by racing accesses (not all excluded
by i_mutex).
But we cannot distinguish them: so in this patch simply leak allocations
on partial failure (they will be freed later if the file is removed).
An attractive alternative approach would have been for fallocate() not to
allocate pages at all, but note reservations by entries in the radix-tree.
But that would give less assurance, and, critically, would be hard to fit
with mem cgroups (who owns the reservations?): allocating pages lets
fallocate() behave in just the same way as write().
Based-on-patch-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove vmtruncate_range(), and remove the truncate_range method from
struct inode_operations: only tmpfs ever supported it, and tmpfs has now
converted over to using the fallocate method of file_operations.
Update Documentation accordingly, adding (setlease and) fallocate lines.
And while we're in mm.h, remove duplicate declarations of shmem_lock() and
shmem_file_setup(): everyone is now using the ones in shmem_fs.h.
Based-on-patch-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now tmpfs supports hole-punching via fallocate(), switch madvise_remove()
to use do_fallocate() instead of vmtruncate_range(): which extends
madvise(,,MADV_REMOVE) support from tmpfs to ext4, ocfs2 and xfs.
There is one more user of vmtruncate_range() in our tree,
staging/android's ashmem_shrink(): convert it to use do_fallocate() too
(but if its unpinned areas are already unmapped - I don't know - then it
would do better to use shmem_truncate_range() directly).
Based-on-patch-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ben Myers <bpm@sgi.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
tmpfs has supported hole-punching since 2.6.16, via
madvise(,,MADV_REMOVE).
But nowadays fallocate(,FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE|FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE,,) is
the agreed way to punch holes.
So add shmem_fallocate() to support that, and tweak shmem_truncate_range()
to support partial pages at both the beginning and end of range (never
needed for madvise, which demands rounded addr and rounds up length).
Based-on-patch-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Nick proposed years ago that tmpfs should avoid clearing its pages where
write will overwrite them with new data, as ramfs has long done. But I
messed it up and just got bad data. Tried again recently, it works
fine.
Here's time output for writing 4GiB 16 times on this Core i5 laptop:
before: real 0m21.169s user 0m0.028s sys 0m21.057s
real 0m21.382s user 0m0.016s sys 0m21.289s
real 0m21.311s user 0m0.020s sys 0m21.217s
after: real 0m18.273s user 0m0.032s sys 0m18.165s
real 0m18.354s user 0m0.020s sys 0m18.265s
real 0m18.440s user 0m0.032s sys 0m18.337s
ramfs: real 0m16.860s user 0m0.028s sys 0m16.765s
real 0m17.382s user 0m0.040s sys 0m17.273s
real 0m17.133s user 0m0.044s sys 0m17.021s
Yes, I have done perf reports, but they need more explanation than they
deserve: in summary, clear_page vanishes, its cache loading shifts into
copy_user_generic_unrolled; shmem_getpage_gfp goes down, and
surprisingly mark_page_accessed goes way up - I think because they are
respectively where the cache gets to be reloaded after being purged by
clear or copy.
Suggested-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Let tmpfs into the NOSEC optimization (avoiding file_remove_suid()
overhead on most common writes): set MS_NOSEC on its superblocks.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The GMA500 GPU driver uses GEM shmem objects, but with a new twist: the
backing RAM has to be below 4GB. Not a problem while the boards
supported only 4GB: but now Intel's D2700MUD boards support 8GB, and
their GMA3600 is managed by the GMA500 driver.
shmem/tmpfs has never pretended to support hardware restrictions on the
backing memory, but it might have appeared to do so before v3.1, and
even now it works fine until a page is swapped out then back in. When
read_cache_page_gfp() supplied a freshly allocated page for copy, that
compensated for whatever choice might have been made by earlier swapin
readahead; but swapoff was likely to destroy the illusion.
We'd like to continue to support GMA500, so now add a new
shmem_should_replace_page() check on the zone when about to move a page
from swapcache to filecache (in swapin and swapoff cases), with
shmem_replace_page() to allocate and substitute a suitable page (given
gma500/gem.c's mapping_set_gfp_mask GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_DMA32).
This does involve a minor extension to mem_cgroup_replace_page_cache()
(the page may or may not have already been charged); and I've removed a
comment and call to mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page(), which in fact is
always a no-op while PageSwapCache.
Also removed optimization of an unlikely path in shmem_getpage_gfp(),
now that we need to check PageSwapCache more carefully (a racing caller
might already have made the copy). And at one point shmem_unuse_inode()
needs to use the hitherto private page_swapcount(), to guard against
racing with inode eviction.
It would make sense to extend shmem_should_replace_page(), to cover
cpuset and NUMA mempolicy restrictions too, but set that aside for now:
needs a cleanup of shmem mempolicy handling, and more testing, and ought
to handle swap faults in do_swap_page() as well as shmem.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Stephane Marchesin <marcheu@chromium.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Rob Clark <rob.clark@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE pages are freed from MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE type
pageblock (and some MIGRATE_MOVABLE pages are left in it) waiting until an
allocation takes ownership of the block may take too long. The type of
the pageblock remains unchanged so the pageblock cannot be used as a
migration target during compaction.
Fix it by:
* Adding enum compact_mode (COMPACT_ASYNC_[MOVABLE,UNMOVABLE], and
COMPACT_SYNC) and then converting sync field in struct compact_control
to use it.
* Adding nr_pageblocks_skipped field to struct compact_control and
tracking how many destination pageblocks were of MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE type.
If COMPACT_ASYNC_MOVABLE mode compaction ran fully in
try_to_compact_pages() (COMPACT_COMPLETE) it implies that there is not a
suitable page for allocation. In this case then check how if there were
enough MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE pageblocks to try a second pass in
COMPACT_ASYNC_UNMOVABLE mode.
* Scanning the MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE pageblocks (during COMPACT_SYNC and
COMPACT_ASYNC_UNMOVABLE compaction modes) and building a count based on
finding PageBuddy pages, page_count(page) == 0 or PageLRU pages. If all
pages within the MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE pageblock are in one of those three
sets change the whole pageblock type to MIGRATE_MOVABLE.
My particular test case (on a ARM EXYNOS4 device with 512 MiB, which means
131072 standard 4KiB pages in 'Normal' zone) is to:
- allocate 120000 pages for kernel's usage
- free every second page (60000 pages) of memory just allocated
- allocate and use 60000 pages from user space
- free remaining 60000 pages of kernel memory
(now we have fragmented memory occupied mostly by user space pages)
- try to allocate 100 order-9 (2048 KiB) pages for kernel's usage
The results:
- with compaction disabled I get 11 successful allocations
- with compaction enabled - 14 successful allocations
- with this patch I'm able to get all 100 successful allocations
NOTE: If we can make kswapd aware of order-0 request during compaction, we
can enhance kswapd with changing mode to COMPACT_ASYNC_FULL
(COMPACT_ASYNC_MOVABLE + COMPACT_ASYNC_UNMOVABLE). Please see the
following thread:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=133552069417068&w=2
[minchan@kernel.org: minor cleanups]
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
alloc_bootmem_section() derives allocation area constraints from the
specified sparsemem section. This is a bit specific for a generic memory
allocator like bootmem, though, so move it over to sparsemem.
As __alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic() already retries failed allocations with
relaxed area constraints, the fallback code in sparsemem.c can be removed
and the code becomes a bit more compact overall.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pass down the node descriptor instead of the more specific bootmem node
descriptor down the call stack, like nobootmem does, when there is no good
reason for the two to be different.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While the panicking node-specific allocation function tries to satisfy
node+goal, goal, node, anywhere, the non-panicking function still does
node+goal, goal, anywhere.
Make it simpler: define the panicking version in terms of the non-panicking
one, like the node-agnostic interface, so they always behave the same way
apart from how to deal with allocation failure.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__alloc_bootmem_node and __alloc_bootmem_low_node documentation claims
the functions panic on allocation failure. Do it.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While the panicking node-specific allocation function tries to satisfy
node+goal, goal, node, anywhere, the non-panicking function still does
node+goal, goal, anywhere.
Make it simpler: define the panicking version in terms of the
non-panicking one, like the node-agnostic interface, so they always behave
the same way apart from how to deal with allocation failure.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrew Morton