While these got added in the right place everywhere else, entry_64.S
is the odd one where they ended up before the initial CFI directive(s).
In order to cover the full code ranges, the CFI directive must be
first, though.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5093BA1F02000078000A600E@nat28.tlf.novell.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* commit 'v3.7-rc1': (10892 commits)
Linux 3.7-rc1
x86, boot: Explicitly include autoconf.h for hostprogs
perf: Fix UAPI fallout
ARM: config: make sure that platforms are ordered by option string
ARM: config: sort select statements alphanumerically
UAPI: (Scripted) Disintegrate include/linux/byteorder
UAPI: (Scripted) Disintegrate include/linux
UAPI: Unexport linux/blk_types.h
UAPI: Unexport part of linux/ppp-comp.h
perf: Handle new rbtree implementation
procfs: don't need a PATH_MAX allocation to hold a string representation of an int
vfs: embed struct filename inside of names_cache allocation if possible
audit: make audit_inode take struct filename
vfs: make path_openat take a struct filename pointer
vfs: turn do_path_lookup into wrapper around struct filename variant
audit: allow audit code to satisfy getname requests from its names_list
vfs: define struct filename and have getname() return it
btrfs: Fix compilation with user namespace support enabled
userns: Fix posix_acl_file_xattr_userns gid conversion
userns: Properly print bluetooth socket uids
...
In 32 bit guests, if a userspace process has %eax == -ERESTARTSYS
(-512) or -ERESTARTNOINTR (-513) when it is interrupted by an event
/and/ the process has a pending signal then %eip (and %eax) are
corrupted when returning to the main process after handling the
signal. The application may then crash with SIGSEGV or a SIGILL or it
may have subtly incorrect behaviour (depending on what instruction it
returned to).
The occurs because handle_signal() is incorrectly thinking that there
is a system call that needs to restarted so it adjusts %eip and %eax
to re-execute the system call instruction (even though user space had
not done a system call).
If %eax == -514 (-ERESTARTNOHAND (-514) or -ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK
(-516) then handle_signal() only corrupted %eax (by setting it to
-EINTR). This may cause the application to crash or have incorrect
behaviour.
handle_signal() assumes that regs->orig_ax >= 0 means a system call so
any kernel entry point that is not for a system call must push a
negative value for orig_ax. For example, for physical interrupts on
bare metal the inverse of the vector is pushed and page_fault() sets
regs->orig_ax to -1, overwriting the hardware provided error code.
xen_hypervisor_callback() was incorrectly pushing 0 for orig_ax
instead of -1.
Classic Xen kernels pushed %eax which works as %eax cannot be both
non-negative and -RESTARTSYS (etc.), but using -1 is consistent with
other non-system call entry points and avoids some of the tests in
handle_signal().
There were similar bugs in xen_failsafe_callback() of both 32 and
64-bit guests. If the fault was corrected and the normal return path
was used then 0 was incorrectly pushed as the value for orig_ax.
Signed-off-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@suse.com>
Acked-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Pull third pile of kernel_execve() patches from Al Viro:
"The last bits of infrastructure for kernel_thread() et.al., with
alpha/arm/x86 use of those. Plus sanitizing the asm glue and
do_notify_resume() on alpha, fixing the "disabled irq while running
task_work stuff" breakage there.
At that point the rest of kernel_thread/kernel_execve/sys_execve work
can be done independently for different architectures. The only
pending bits that do depend on having all architectures converted are
restrictred to fs/* and kernel/* - that'll obviously have to wait for
the next cycle.
I thought we'd have to wait for all of them done before we start
eliminating the longjump-style insanity in kernel_execve(), but it
turned out there's a very simple way to do that without flagday-style
changes."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal:
alpha: switch to saner kernel_execve() semantics
arm: switch to saner kernel_execve() semantics
x86, um: convert to saner kernel_execve() semantics
infrastructure for saner ret_from_kernel_thread semantics
make sure that kernel_thread() callbacks call do_exit() themselves
make sure that we always have a return path from kernel_execve()
ppc: eeh_event should just use kthread_run()
don't bother with kernel_thread/kernel_execve for launching linuxrc
alpha: get rid of switch_stack argument of do_work_pending()
alpha: don't bother passing switch_stack separately from regs
alpha: take SIGPENDING/NOTIFY_RESUME loop into signal.c
alpha: simplify TIF_NEED_RESCHED handling
Pull generic execve() changes from Al Viro:
"This introduces the generic kernel_thread() and kernel_execve()
functions, and switches x86, arm, alpha, um and s390 over to them."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal: (26 commits)
s390: convert to generic kernel_execve()
s390: switch to generic kernel_thread()
s390: fold kernel_thread_helper() into ret_from_fork()
s390: fold execve_tail() into start_thread(), convert to generic sys_execve()
um: switch to generic kernel_thread()
x86, um/x86: switch to generic sys_execve and kernel_execve
x86: split ret_from_fork
alpha: introduce ret_from_kernel_execve(), switch to generic kernel_execve()
alpha: switch to generic kernel_thread()
alpha: switch to generic sys_execve()
arm: get rid of execve wrapper, switch to generic execve() implementation
arm: optimized current_pt_regs()
arm: introduce ret_from_kernel_execve(), switch to generic kernel_execve()
arm: split ret_from_fork, simplify kernel_thread() [based on patch by rmk]
generic sys_execve()
generic kernel_execve()
new helper: current_pt_regs()
preparation for generic kernel_thread()
um: kill thread->forking
um: let signal_delivered() do SIGTRAP on singlestepping into handler
...
Pull x86/smap support from Ingo Molnar:
"This adds support for the SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention) CPU
feature on Intel CPUs: a hardware feature that prevents unintended
user-space data access from kernel privileged code.
It's turned on automatically when possible.
This, in combination with SMEP, makes it even harder to exploit kernel
bugs such as NULL pointer dereferences."
Fix up trivial conflict in arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S due to newly added
includes right next to each other.
* 'x86-smap-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86, smep, smap: Make the switching functions one-way
x86, suspend: On wakeup always initialize cr4 and EFER
x86-32: Start out eflags and cr4 clean
x86, smap: Do not abuse the [f][x]rstor_checking() functions for user space
x86-32, smap: Add STAC/CLAC instructions to 32-bit kernel entry
x86, smap: Reduce the SMAP overhead for signal handling
x86, smap: A page fault due to SMAP is an oops
x86, smap: Turn on Supervisor Mode Access Prevention
x86, smap: Add STAC and CLAC instructions to control user space access
x86, uaccess: Merge prototypes for clear_user/__clear_user
x86, smap: Add a header file with macros for STAC/CLAC
x86, alternative: Add header guards to <asm/alternative-asm.h>
x86, alternative: Use .pushsection/.popsection
x86, smap: Add CR4 bit for SMAP
x86-32, mm: The WP test should be done on a kernel page
Pull x86/asm changes from Ingo Molnar:
"The one change that stands out is the alternatives patching change
that prevents us from ever patching back instructions from SMP to UP:
this simplifies things and speeds up CPU hotplug.
Other than that it's smaller fixes, cleanups and improvements."
* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86: Unspaghettize do_trap()
x86_64: Work around old GAS bug
x86: Use REP BSF unconditionally
x86: Prefer TZCNT over BFS
x86/64: Adjust types of temporaries used by ffs()/fls()/fls64()
x86: Drop unnecessary kernel_eflags variable on 64-bit
x86/smp: Don't ever patch back to UP if we unplug cpus
Pull perf update from Ingo Molnar:
"Lots of changes in this cycle as well, with hundreds of commits from
over 30 contributors. Most of the activity was on the tooling side.
Higher level changes:
- New 'perf kvm' analysis tool, from Xiao Guangrong.
- New 'perf trace' system-wide tracing tool
- uprobes fixes + cleanups from Oleg Nesterov.
- Lots of patches to make perf build on Android out of box, from
Irina Tirdea
- Extend ftrace function tracing utility to be more dynamic for its
users. It allows for data passing to the callback functions, as
well as reading regs as if a breakpoint were to trigger at function
entry.
The main goal of this patch series was to allow kprobes to use
ftrace as an optimized probe point when a probe is placed on an
ftrace nop. With lots of help from Masami Hiramatsu, and going
through lots of iterations, we finally came up with a good
solution.
- Add cpumask for uncore pmu, use it in 'stat', from Yan, Zheng.
- Various tracing updates from Steve Rostedt
- Clean up and improve 'perf sched' performance by elliminating lots
of needless calls to libtraceevent.
- Event group parsing support, from Jiri Olsa
- UI/gtk refactorings and improvements from Namhyung Kim
- Add support for non-tracepoint events in perf script python, from
Feng Tang
- Add --symbols to 'script', similar to the one in 'report', from
Feng Tang.
Infrastructure enhancements and fixes:
- Convert the trace builtins to use the growing evsel/evlist
tracepoint infrastructure, removing several open coded constructs
like switch like series of strcmp to dispatch events, etc.
Basically what had already been showcased in 'perf sched'.
- Add evsel constructor for tracepoints, that uses libtraceevent just
to parse the /format events file, use it in a new 'perf test' to
make sure the libtraceevent format parsing regressions can be more
readily caught.
- Some strange errors were happening in some builds, but not on the
next, reported by several people, problem was some parser related
files, generated during the build, didn't had proper make deps, fix
from Eric Sandeen.
- Introduce struct and cache information about the environment where
a perf.data file was captured, from Namhyung Kim.
- Fix handling of unresolved samples when --symbols is used in
'report', from Feng Tang.
- Add union member access support to 'probe', from Hyeoncheol Lee.
- Fixups to die() removal, from Namhyung Kim.
- Render fixes for the TUI, from Namhyung Kim.
- Don't enable annotation in non symbolic view, from Namhyung Kim.
- Fix pipe mode in 'report', from Namhyung Kim.
- Move related stats code from stat to util/, will be used by the
'stat' kvm tool, from Xiao Guangrong.
- Remove die()/exit() calls from several tools.
- Resolve vdso callchains, from Jiri Olsa
- Don't pass const char pointers to basename, so that we can
unconditionally use libgen.h and thus avoid ifdef BIONIC lines,
from David Ahern
- Refactor hist formatting so that it can be reused with the GTK
browser, From Namhyung Kim
- Fix build for another rbtree.c change, from Adrian Hunter.
- Make 'perf diff' command work with evsel hists, from Jiri Olsa.
- Use the only field_sep var that is set up: symbol_conf.field_sep,
fix from Jiri Olsa.
- .gitignore compiled python binaries, from Namhyung Kim.
- Get rid of die() in more libtraceevent places, from Namhyung Kim.
- Rename libtraceevent 'private' struct member to 'priv' so that it
works in C++, from Steven Rostedt
- Remove lots of exit()/die() calls from tools so that the main perf
exit routine can take place, from David Ahern
- Fix x86 build on x86-64, from David Ahern.
- {int,str,rb}list fixes from Suzuki K Poulose
- perf.data header fixes from Namhyung Kim
- Allow user to indicate objdump path, needed in cross environments,
from Maciek Borzecki
- Fix hardware cache event name generation, fix from Jiri Olsa
- Add round trip test for sw, hw and cache event names, catching the
problem Jiri fixed, after Jiri's patch, the test passes
successfully.
- Clean target should do clean for lib/traceevent too, fix from David
Ahern
- Check the right variable for allocation failure, fix from Namhyung
Kim
- Set up evsel->tp_format regardless of evsel->name being set
already, fix from Namhyung Kim
- Oprofile fixes from Robert Richter.
- Remove perf_event_attr needless version inflation, from Jiri Olsa
- Introduce libtraceevent strerror like error reporting facility,
from Namhyung Kim
- Add pmu mappings to perf.data header and use event names from cmd
line, from Robert Richter
- Fix include order for bison/flex-generated C files, from Ben
Hutchings
- Build fixes and documentation corrections from David Ahern
- Assorted cleanups from Robert Richter
- Let O= makes handle relative paths, from Steven Rostedt
- perf script python fixes, from Feng Tang.
- Initial bash completion support, from Frederic Weisbecker
- Allow building without libelf, from Namhyung Kim.
- Support DWARF CFI based unwind to have callchains when %bp based
unwinding is not possible, from Jiri Olsa.
- Symbol resolution fixes, while fixing support PPC64 files with an
.opt ELF section was the end goal, several fixes for code that
handles all architectures and cleanups are included, from Cody
Schafer.
- Assorted fixes for Documentation and build in 32 bit, from Robert
Richter
- Cache the libtraceevent event_format associated to each evsel
early, so that we avoid relookups, i.e. calling pevent_find_event
repeatedly when processing tracepoint events.
[ This is to reduce the surface contact with libtraceevents and
make clear what is that the perf tools needs from that lib: so
far parsing the common and per event fields. ]
- Don't stop the build if the audit libraries are not installed, fix
from Namhyung Kim.
- Fix bfd.h/libbfd detection with recent binutils, from Markus
Trippelsdorf.
- Improve warning message when libunwind devel packages not present,
from Jiri Olsa"
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (282 commits)
perf trace: Add aliases for some syscalls
perf probe: Print an enum type variable in "enum variable-name" format when showing accessible variables
perf tools: Check libaudit availability for perf-trace builtin
perf hists: Add missing period_* fields when collapsing a hist entry
perf trace: New tool
perf evsel: Export the event_format constructor
perf evsel: Introduce rawptr() method
perf tools: Use perf_evsel__newtp in the event parser
perf evsel: The tracepoint constructor should store sys:name
perf evlist: Introduce set_filter() method
perf evlist: Renane set_filters method to apply_filters
perf test: Add test to check we correctly parse and match syscall open parms
perf evsel: Handle endianity in intval method
perf evsel: Know if byte swap is needed
perf tools: Allow handling a NULL cpu_map as meaning "all cpus"
perf evsel: Improve tracepoint constructor setup
tools lib traceevent: Fix error path on pevent_parse_event
perf test: Fix build failure
trace: Move trace event enable from fs_initcall to core_initcall
tracing: Add an option for disabling markers
...
32bit wrapper is lost on that; 64bit one is *not*, since
we need to arrange for full pt_regs on stack when we call
sys_execve() and we need to load callee-saved ones from
there afterwards.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
This way we can exit the RCU extended quiescent state before
we schedule a new task from irq/exception exit.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessio Igor Bogani <abogani@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Geoff Levand <geoff@infradead.org>
Cc: Gilad Ben Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Cc: Hakan Akkan <hakanakkan@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Cc: Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sven-Thorsten Dietrich <thebigcorporation@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
GAS in binutils(2.16.91) could not parse parentheses within
macro parameters unless fully parenthesized, and this is a
workaround to make old gas work without generating below errors:
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S: Assembler messages:
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:387: Error: too many positional arguments
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:389: Error: too many positional arguments
[...]
Signed-off-by: Tao Guo <glorioustao@gmail.com>
Reluctantly-Acked-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1348648102-12653-1-git-send-email-glorioustao@gmail.com
[ Jan argues that these old GAS versions are fragile - which is so, but lets give them a chance. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When Supervisor Mode Access Prevention (SMAP) is enabled, access to
userspace from the kernel is controlled by the AC flag. To make the
performance of manipulating that flag acceptable, there are two new
instructions, STAC and CLAC, to set and clear it.
This patch adds those instructions, via alternative(), when the SMAP
feature is enabled. It also adds X86_EFLAGS_AC unconditionally to the
SYSCALL entry mask; there is simply no reason to make that one
conditional.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1348256595-29119-9-git-send-email-hpa@linux.intel.com
Allow ftrace handlers to change RIP register (regs->ip)
in handlers. This will allow handlers to call another
function instead of original function.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120905143118.10329.5078.stgit@localhost.localdomain
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
On 64 bit x86 we save the current eflags in cpu_init for use in
ret_from_fork. Strictly speaking reserved bits in EFLAGS should
be read as written but in practise it is unlikely that EFLAGS
could ever be extended in this way and the kernel alread clears
any undefined flags early on.
The equivalent 32 bit code simply hard codes 0x0202 as the new
EFLAGS.
This change makes 64 bit use the same mechanism to setup the
initial EFLAGS on fork. Note that 64 bit resets EFLAGS before
calling schedule_tail() as opposed to 32 bit which calls
schedule_tail() first. Therefore the correct value for EFLAGS
has opposite IF bit.
Signed-off-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120824195847.GA31628@moon
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
If the kernel is compiled with gcc 4.6.0 which supports -mfentry,
then use that instead of mcount.
With mcount, frame pointers are forced with the -pg option and we
get something like:
<can_vma_merge_before>:
55 push %rbp
48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
53 push %rbx
41 51 push %r9
e8 fe 6a 39 00 callq ffffffff81483d00 <mcount>
31 c0 xor %eax,%eax
48 89 fb mov %rdi,%rbx
48 89 d7 mov %rdx,%rdi
48 33 73 30 xor 0x30(%rbx),%rsi
48 f7 c6 ff ff ff f7 test $0xfffffffff7ffffff,%rsi
With -mfentry, frame pointers are no longer forced and the call looks
like this:
<can_vma_merge_before>:
e8 33 af 37 00 callq ffffffff81461b40 <__fentry__>
53 push %rbx
48 89 fb mov %rdi,%rbx
31 c0 xor %eax,%eax
48 89 d7 mov %rdx,%rdi
41 51 push %r9
48 33 73 30 xor 0x30(%rbx),%rsi
48 f7 c6 ff ff ff f7 test $0xfffffffff7ffffff,%rsi
This adds the ftrace hook at the beginning of the function before a
frame is set up, and allows the function callbacks to be able to access
parameters. As kprobes now can use function tracing (at least on x86)
this speeds up the kprobe hooks that are at the beginning of the
function.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120807194100.130477900@goodmis.org
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
. Fix include order for bison/flex-generated C files, from Ben Hutchings
. Build fixes and documentation corrections from David Ahern
. Group parsing support, from Jiri Olsa
. UI/gtk refactorings and improvements from Namhyung Kim
. NULL deref fix for perf script, from Namhyung Kim
. Assorted cleanups from Robert Richter
. Let O= makes handle relative paths, from Steven Rostedt
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Merge tag 'perf-core-for-mingo' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/acme/linux into perf/core
Pull perf/core improvements and fixes from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:
* Fix include order for bison/flex-generated C files, from Ben Hutchings
* Build fixes and documentation corrections from David Ahern
* Group parsing support, from Jiri Olsa
* UI/gtk refactorings and improvements from Namhyung Kim
* NULL deref fix for perf script, from Namhyung Kim
* Assorted cleanups from Robert Richter
* Let O= makes handle relative paths, from Steven Rostedt
* perf script python fixes, from Feng Tang.
* Improve 'perf lock' error message when the needed tracepoints
are not present, from David Ahern.
* Initial bash completion support, from Frederic Weisbecker
* Allow building without libelf, from Namhyung Kim.
* Support DWARF CFI based unwind to have callchains when %bp
based unwinding is not possible, from Jiri Olsa.
* Symbol resolution fixes, while fixing support PPC64 files with an .opt ELF
section was the end goal, several fixes for code that handles all
architectures and cleanups are included, from Cody Schafer.
* Add a description for the JIT interface, from Andi Kleen.
* Assorted fixes for Documentation and build in 32 bit, from Robert Richter
* Add support for non-tracepoint events in perf script python, from Feng Tang
* Cache the libtraceevent event_format associated to each evsel early, so that we
avoid relookups, i.e. calling pevent_find_event repeatedly when processing
tracepoint events.
[ This is to reduce the surface contact with libtraceevents and make clear what
is that the perf tools needs from that lib: so far parsing the common and per
event fields. ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull ftrace updates from Steve Rostedt:
" This patch series extends ftrace function tracing utility to be
more dynamic for its users. It allows for data passing to the callback
functions, as well as reading regs as if a breakpoint were to trigger
at function entry.
The main goal of this patch series was to allow kprobes to use ftrace
as an optimized probe point when a probe is placed on an ftrace nop.
With lots of help from Masami Hiramatsu, and going through lots of
iterations, we finally came up with a good solution. "
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The graph caller is called by the mcount callers, which already does
the check against the function_trace_stop variable. No reason to
check it again.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120711195745.588538769@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Pull x86/mm changes from Peter Anvin:
"The big change here is the patchset by Alex Shi to use INVLPG to flush
only the affected pages when we only need to flush a small page range.
It also removes the special INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR interrupts (32
vectors!) and replace it with an ordinary IPI function call."
Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h (added code next
to changed line)
* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/tlb: Fix build warning and crash when building for !SMP
x86/tlb: do flush_tlb_kernel_range by 'invlpg'
x86/tlb: replace INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR by CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR
x86/tlb: enable tlb flush range support for x86
mm/mmu_gather: enable tlb flush range in generic mmu_gather
x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift knob into debugfs
x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift for specific CPU
x86/tlb: fall back to flush all when meet a THP large page
x86/flush_tlb: try flush_tlb_single one by one in flush_tlb_range
x86/tlb_info: get last level TLB entry number of CPU
x86: Add read_mostly declaration/definition to variables from smp.h
x86: Define early read-mostly per-cpu macros
Add a way to have different functions calling different trampolines.
If a ftrace_ops wants regs saved on the return, then have only the
functions with ops registered to save regs. Functions registered by
other ops would not be affected, unless the functions overlap.
If one ftrace_ops registered functions A, B and C and another ops
registered fucntions to save regs on A, and D, then only functions
A and D would be saving regs. Function B and C would work as normal.
Although A is registered by both ops: normal and saves regs; this is fine
as saving the regs is needed to satisfy one of the ops that calls it
but the regs are ignored by the other ops function.
x86_64 implements the full regs saving, and i386 just passes a NULL
for regs to satisfy the ftrace_ops passing. Where an arch must supply
both regs and ftrace_ops parameters, even if regs is just NULL.
It is OK for an arch to pass NULL regs. All function trace users that
require regs passing must add the flag FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS when
registering the ftrace_ops. If the arch does not support saving regs
then the ftrace_ops will fail to register. The flag
FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS_IF_SUPPORTED may be set that will prevent the
ftrace_ops from failing to register. In this case, the handler may
either check if regs is not NULL or check if ARCH_SUPPORTS_FTRACE_SAVE_REGS.
If the arch supports passing regs it will set this macro and pass regs
for ops that request them. All other archs will just pass NULL.
Link: Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120711195745.107705970@goodmis.org
Cc: Alexander van Heukelum <heukelum@fastmail.fm>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Currently the function trace callback receives only the ip and parent_ip
of the function that it traced. It would be more powerful to also return
the ops that registered the function as well. This allows the same function
to act differently depending on what ftrace_ops registered it.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120612225424.267254552@goodmis.org
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
There are 32 INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR now in kernel. That is quite big
amount of vector in IDT. But it is still not enough, since modern x86
sever has more cpu number. That still causes heavy lock contention
in TLB flushing.
The patch using generic smp call function to replace it. That saved 32
vector number in IDT, and resolved the lock contention in TLB
flushing on large system.
In the NHM EX machine 4P * 8cores * HT = 64 CPUs, hackbench pthread
has 3% performance increase.
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-9-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Avi Kivity reported that page faults in NMIs could cause havic if
the NMI preempted another page fault handler:
The recent changes to NMI allow exceptions to take place in NMI
handlers, but I think that a #PF (say, due to access to vmalloc space)
is still problematic. Consider the sequence
#PF (cr2 set by processor)
NMI
...
#PF (cr2 clobbered)
do_page_fault()
IRET
...
IRET
do_page_fault()
address = read_cr2()
The last line reads the overwritten cr2 value.
Originally I wrote a patch to solve this by saving the cr2 on the stack.
Brian Gerst suggested to save it in the r12 register as both r12 and rbx
are saved by the do_nmi handler as required by the C standard. But rbx
is already used for saving if swapgs needs to be run on exit of the NMI
handler.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4FBB8C40.6080304@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1337763411.13348.140.camel@gandalf.stny.rr.com
Reported-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Suggested-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
When both DYNAMIC_FTRACE and LOCKDEP are set, the TRACE_IRQS_ON/OFF
will call into the lockdep code. The lockdep code can call lots of
functions that may be traced by ftrace. When ftrace is updating its
code and hits a breakpoint, the breakpoint handler will call into
lockdep. If lockdep happens to call a function that also has a breakpoint
attached, it will jump back into the breakpoint handler resetting
the stack to the debug stack and corrupt the contents currently on
that stack.
The 'do_sym' call that calls do_int3() is protected by modifying the
IST table to point to a different location if another breakpoint is
hit. But the TRACE_IRQS_OFF/ON are outside that protection, and if
a breakpoint is hit from those, the stack will get corrupted, and
the kernel will crash:
[ 1013.243754] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000002
[ 1013.272665] IP: [<ffff880145cc0000>] 0xffff880145cbffff
[ 1013.285186] PGD 1401b2067 PUD 14324c067 PMD 0
[ 1013.298832] Oops: 0010 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[ 1013.310600] CPU 2
[ 1013.317904] Modules linked in: ip6t_REJECT nf_conntrack_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv6 xt_state nf_conntrack ip6table_filter ip6_tables crc32c_intel ghash_clmulni_intel microcode usb_debug serio_raw pcspkr iTCO_wdt i2c_i801 iTCO_vendor_support e1000e nfsd nfs_acl auth_rpcgss lockd sunrpc i915 video i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper drm i2c_core [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan]
[ 1013.401848]
[ 1013.407399] Pid: 112, comm: kworker/2:1 Not tainted 3.4.0+ #30
[ 1013.437943] RIP: 8eb8:[<ffff88014630a000>] [<ffff88014630a000>] 0xffff880146309fff
[ 1013.459871] RSP: ffffffff8165e919:ffff88014780f408 EFLAGS: 00010046
[ 1013.477909] RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: ffffffff81104020 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 1013.499458] RDX: ffff880148008ea8 RSI: ffffffff8131ef40 RDI: ffffffff82203b20
[ 1013.521612] RBP: ffffffff81005751 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[ 1013.543121] R10: ffffffff82cdc318 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff880145cc0000
[ 1013.564614] R13: ffff880148008eb8 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: ffff88014780cb40
[ 1013.586108] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff880148000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 1013.609458] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
[ 1013.627420] CR2: 0000000000000002 CR3: 0000000141f10000 CR4: 00000000001407e0
[ 1013.649051] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[ 1013.670724] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 1013.692376] Process kworker/2:1 (pid: 112, threadinfo ffff88013fe0e000, task ffff88014020a6a0)
[ 1013.717028] Stack:
[ 1013.724131] ffff88014780f570 ffff880145cc0000 0000400000004000 0000000000000000
[ 1013.745918] cccccccccccccccc ffff88014780cca8 ffffffff811072bb ffffffff81651627
[ 1013.767870] ffffffff8118f8a7 ffffffff811072bb ffffffff81f2b6c5 ffffffff81f11bdb
[ 1013.790021] Call Trace:
[ 1013.800701] Code: 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a <e7> d7 64 81 ff ff ff ff 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 65 d9 64 81 ff
[ 1013.861443] RIP [<ffff88014630a000>] 0xffff880146309fff
[ 1013.884466] RSP <ffff88014780f408>
[ 1013.901507] CR2: 0000000000000002
The solution was to reuse the NMI functions that change the IDT table to make the debug
stack keep its current stack (in kernel mode) when hitting a breakpoint:
call debug_stack_set_zero
TRACE_IRQS_ON
call debug_stack_reset
If the TRACE_IRQS_ON happens to hit a breakpoint then it will keep the current stack
and not crash the box.
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S,
and replace them with _ASM_EXTABLE() macros; this will allow us to
change the format and type of the exception table entries.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA%2B55aFyijf43qSu3N9nWHEBwaGbb7T2Oq9A=9EyR=Jtyqfq_cQ@mail.gmail.com
Pull x32 support for x86-64 from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree introduces the X32 binary format and execution mode for x86:
32-bit data space binaries using 64-bit instructions and 64-bit kernel
syscalls.
This allows applications whose working set fits into a 32 bits address
space to make use of 64-bit instructions while using a 32-bit address
space with shorter pointers, more compressed data structures, etc."
Fix up trivial context conflicts in arch/x86/{Kconfig,vdso/vma.c}
* 'x86-x32-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (71 commits)
x32: Fix alignment fail in struct compat_siginfo
x32: Fix stupid ia32/x32 inversion in the siginfo format
x32: Add ptrace for x32
x32: Switch to a 64-bit clock_t
x32: Provide separate is_ia32_task() and is_x32_task() predicates
x86, mtrr: Use explicit sizing and padding for the 64-bit ioctls
x86/x32: Fix the binutils auto-detect
x32: Warn and disable rather than error if binutils too old
x32: Only clear TIF_X32 flag once
x32: Make sure TS_COMPAT is cleared for x32 tasks
fs: Remove missed ->fds_bits from cessation use of fd_set structs internally
fs: Fix close_on_exec pointer in alloc_fdtable
x32: Drop non-__vdso weak symbols from the x32 VDSO
x32: Fix coding style violations in the x32 VDSO code
x32: Add x32 VDSO support
x32: Allow x32 to be configured
x32: If configured, add x32 system calls to system call tables
x32: Handle process creation
x32: Signal-related system calls
x86: Add #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT to <asm/sys_ia32.h>
...
Commit eab9e6137f ("x86-64: Fix CFI data for interrupt frames")
introduced a DW_CFA_def_cfa_expression in the SAVE_ARGS_IRQ
macro. To later define the CFA using a simple register+offset
rule both register and offset need to be supplied. Just using
CFI_DEF_CFA_REGISTER leaves the offset undefined. So use
CFI_DEF_CFA with reg+off explicitly at the end of
common_interrupt.
Signed-off-by: Mark Wielaard <mjw@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1330079527-30711-1-git-send-email-mjw@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Some of the comments for the nesting NMI algorithm were stale and
had some references to some prototypes that were first tried.
I also updated the comments to be a little easier to understand
the flow of the code. It definitely needs the documentation.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
In one case, use an address register that was computed earlier (and
with a simpler instruction), thus reducing the risk of a stall.
In the second case, eliminate a branch by using a conditional move (as
is already done in call_softirq and xen_do_hypervisor_callback).
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4F4788A50200007800074A26@nat28.tlf.novell.com
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
The saving and restoring of %rdx wasn't annotated at all, and the
jumping over sections where state gets partly restored wasn't handled
either.
Further, by folding the pushing of the previous frame in repeat_nmi
into that which so far was immediately preceding restart_nmi (after
moving the restore of %rdx ahead of that, since it doesn't get used
anymore when pushing prior frames), annotations of the replicated
frame creations can be made consistent too.
v2: Fully fold repeat_nmi into the normal code flow (adding a single
redundant instruction to the "normal" code path), thus retaining
the special protection of all instructions between repeat_nmi and
end_repeat_nmi.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4F478B630200007800074A31@nat28.tlf.novell.com
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Linus noticed that the cmp used to check if the code segment is
__KERNEL_CS or not did not specify a size. Perhaps it does not matter
as H. Peter Anvin noted that user space can not set the bottom two
bits of the %cs register. But it's best not to let the assembly choose
and change things between different versions of gas, but instead just
pick the size.
Four bytes are used to compare the saved code segment against
__KERNEL_CS. Perhaps this might mess up Xen, but we can fix that when
the time comes.
Also I noticed that there was another non-specified cmp that checks
the special stack variable if it is 1 or 0. This too probably doesn't
matter what cmp is used, but this patch uses cmpl just to make it non
ambiguous.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFxfAn9MWRgS3O5k2tqN5ys1XrhSFVO5_9ZAoZKDVgNfGA@mail.gmail.com
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Allow an x32 process to be started.
Originally-by: H. J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
x32 uses the 64-bit signal frame format, obviously, but there are some
structures which mixes that with pointers or sizeof(long) types, as
such we have to create a handful of system calls specific to x32. By
and large these are a mixture of the 64-bit and the compat system
calls.
Originally-by: H. J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
x32 shares most system calls with x86-64, but unfortunately some
subsystem (the input subsystem is the chief offender) which require
is_compat() when operating with a 32-bit userspace. The input system
actually has text files in sysfs whose meaning is dependent on
sizeof(long) in userspace!
We could solve this by having two completely disjoint system call
tables; requiring that each system call be duplicated. This patch
takes a different approach: we add a flag to the system call number;
this flag doesn't affect the system call dispatch but requests compat
treatment from affected subsystems for the duration of the system call.
The change of cmpq to cmpl is safe since it immediately follows the
and.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Currently, the NMI handler tests if it is nested by checking the
special variable saved on the stack (set during NMI handling)
and whether the saved stack is the NMI stack as well (to prevent
the race when the variable is set to zero).
But userspace may set their %rsp to any value as long as they do
not derefence it, and it may make it point to the NMI stack,
which will prevent NMIs from triggering while the userspace app
is running. (I tested this, and it is indeed the case)
Add another check to determine nested NMIs by looking at the
saved %cs (code segment register) and making sure that it is the
kernel code segment.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1329687817.1561.27.camel@acer.local.home
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/audit: (29 commits)
audit: no leading space in audit_log_d_path prefix
audit: treat s_id as an untrusted string
audit: fix signedness bug in audit_log_execve_info()
audit: comparison on interprocess fields
audit: implement all object interfield comparisons
audit: allow interfield comparison between gid and ogid
audit: complex interfield comparison helper
audit: allow interfield comparison in audit rules
Kernel: Audit Support For The ARM Platform
audit: do not call audit_getname on error
audit: only allow tasks to set their loginuid if it is -1
audit: remove task argument to audit_set_loginuid
audit: allow audit matching on inode gid
audit: allow matching on obj_uid
audit: remove audit_finish_fork as it can't be called
audit: reject entry,always rules
audit: inline audit_free to simplify the look of generic code
audit: drop audit_set_macxattr as it doesn't do anything
audit: inline checks for not needing to collect aux records
audit: drop some potentially inadvisable likely notations
...
Use evil merge to fix up grammar mistakes in Kconfig file.
Bad speling and horrible grammar (and copious swearing) is to be
expected, but let's keep it to commit messages and comments, rather than
expose it to users in config help texts or printouts.
Every arch calls:
if (unlikely(current->audit_context))
audit_syscall_entry()
which requires knowledge about audit (the existance of audit_context) in
the arch code. Just do it all in static inline in audit.h so that arch's
can remain blissfully ignorant.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
The audit system previously expected arches calling to audit_syscall_exit to
supply as arguments if the syscall was a success and what the return code was.
Audit also provides a helper AUDITSC_RESULT which was supposed to simplify things
by converting from negative retcodes to an audit internal magic value stating
success or failure. This helper was wrong and could indicate that a valid
pointer returned to userspace was a failed syscall. The fix is to fix the
layering foolishness. We now pass audit_syscall_exit a struct pt_reg and it
in turns calls back into arch code to collect the return value and to
determine if the syscall was a success or failure. We also define a generic
is_syscall_success() macro which determines success/failure based on if the
value is < -MAX_ERRNO. This works for arches like x86 which do not use a
separate mechanism to indicate syscall failure.
We make both the is_syscall_success() and regs_return_value() static inlines
instead of macros. The reason is because the audit function must take a void*
for the regs. (uml calls theirs struct uml_pt_regs instead of just struct
pt_regs so audit_syscall_exit can't take a struct pt_regs). Since the audit
function takes a void* we need to use static inlines to cast it back to the
arch correct structure to dereference it.
The other major change is that on some arches, like ia64, MIPS and ppc, we
change regs_return_value() to give us the negative value on syscall failure.
THE only other user of this macro, kretprobe_example.c, won't notice and it
makes the value signed consistently for the audit functions across all archs.
In arch/sh/kernel/ptrace_64.c I see that we were using regs[9] in the old
audit code as the return value. But the ptrace_64.h code defined the macro
regs_return_value() as regs[3]. I have no idea which one is correct, but this
patch now uses the regs_return_value() function, so it now uses regs[3].
For powerpc we previously used regs->result but now use the
regs_return_value() function which uses regs->gprs[3]. regs->gprs[3] is
always positive so the regs_return_value(), much like ia64 makes it negative
before calling the audit code when appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> [for x86 portion]
Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> [for ia64]
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> [for uml]
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> [for sparc]
Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> [for mips]
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> [for ppc]
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (39 commits)
perf tools: Fix compile error on x86_64 Ubuntu
perf report: Fix --stdio output alignment when --showcpuutilization used
perf annotate: Get rid of field_sep check
perf annotate: Fix usage string
perf kmem: Fix a memory leak
perf kmem: Add missing closedir() calls
perf top: Add error message for EMFILE
perf test: Change type of '-v' option to INCR
perf script: Add missing closedir() calls
tracing: Fix compile error when static ftrace is enabled
recordmcount: Fix handling of elf64 big-endian objects.
perf tools: Add const.h to MANIFEST to make perf-tar-src-pkg work again
perf tools: Add support for guest/host-only profiling
perf kvm: Do guest-only counting by default
perf top: Don't update total_period on process_sample
perf hists: Stop using 'self' for struct hist_entry
perf hists: Rename total_session to total_period
x86: Add counter when debug stack is used with interrupts enabled
x86: Allow NMIs to hit breakpoints in i386
x86: Keep current stack in NMI breakpoints
...
In x86, when an NMI goes off, the CPU goes into an NMI context that
prevents other NMIs to trigger on that CPU. If an NMI is suppose to
trigger, it has to wait till the previous NMI leaves NMI context.
At that time, the next NMI can trigger (note, only one more NMI will
trigger, as only one can be latched at a time).
The way x86 gets out of NMI context is by calling iret. The problem
with this is that this causes problems if the NMI handle either
triggers an exception, or a breakpoint. Both the exception and the
breakpoint handlers will finish with an iret. If this happens while
in NMI context, the CPU will leave NMI context and a new NMI may come
in. As NMI handlers are not made to be re-entrant, this can cause
havoc with the system, not to mention, the nested NMI will write
all over the previous NMI's stack.
Linus Torvalds proposed the following workaround to this problem:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2010/7/14/264
"In fact, I wonder if we couldn't just do a software NMI disable
instead? Hav ea per-cpu variable (in the _core_ percpu areas that get
allocated statically) that points to the NMI stack frame, and just
make the NMI code itself do something like
NMI entry:
- load percpu NMI stack frame pointer
- if non-zero we know we're nested, and should ignore this NMI:
- we're returning to kernel mode, so return immediately by using
"popf/ret", which also keeps NMI's disabled in the hardware until the
"real" NMI iret happens.
- before the popf/iret, use the NMI stack pointer to make the NMI
return stack be invalid and cause a fault
- set the NMI stack pointer to the current stack pointer
NMI exit (not the above "immediate exit because we nested"):
clear the percpu NMI stack pointer
Just do the iret.
Now, the thing is, now the "iret" is atomic. If we had a nested NMI,
we'll take a fault, and that re-does our "delayed" NMI - and NMI's
will stay masked.
And if we didn't have a nested NMI, that iret will now unmask NMI's,
and everything is happy."
I first tried to follow this advice but as I started implementing this
code, a few gotchas showed up.
One, is accessing per-cpu variables in the NMI handler.
The problem is that per-cpu variables use the %gs register to get the
variable for the given CPU. But as the NMI may happen in userspace,
we must first perform a SWAPGS to get to it. The NMI handler already
does this later in the code, but its too late as we have saved off
all the registers and we don't want to do that for a disabled NMI.
Peter Zijlstra suggested to keep all variables on the stack. This
simplifies things greatly and it has the added benefit of cache locality.
Two, faulting on the iret.
I really wanted to make this work, but it was becoming very hacky, and
I never got it to be stable. The iret already had a fault handler for
userspace faulting with bad segment registers, and getting NMI to trigger
a fault and detect it was very tricky. But for strange reasons, the system
would usually take a double fault and crash. I never figured out why
and decided to go with a simple "jmp" approach. The new approach I took
also simplified things.
Finally, the last problem with Linus's approach was to have the nested
NMI handler do a ret instead of an iret to give the first NMI NMI-context
again.
The problem is that ret is much more limited than an iret. I couldn't figure
out how to get the stack back where it belonged. I could have copied the
current stack, pushed the return onto it, but my fear here is that there
may be some place that writes data below the stack pointer. I know that
is not something code should depend on, but I don't want to chance it.
I may add this feature later, but for now, an NMI handler that loses NMI
context will not get it back.
Here's what is done:
When an NMI comes in, the HW pushes the interrupt stack frame onto the
per cpu NMI stack that is selected by the IST.
A special location on the NMI stack holds a variable that is set when
the first NMI handler runs. If this variable is set then we know that
this is a nested NMI and we process the nested NMI code.
There is still a race when this variable is cleared and an NMI comes
in just before the first NMI does the return. For this case, if the
variable is cleared, we also check if the interrupted stack is the
NMI stack. If it is, then we process the nested NMI code.
Why the two tests and not just test the interrupted stack?
If the first NMI hits a breakpoint and loses NMI context, and then it
hits another breakpoint and while processing that breakpoint we get a
nested NMI. When processing a breakpoint, the stack changes to the
breakpoint stack. If another NMI comes in here we can't rely on the
interrupted stack to be the NMI stack.
If the variable is not set and the interrupted task's stack is not the
NMI stack, then we know this is the first NMI and we can process things
normally. But in order to do so, we need to do a few things first.
1) Set the stack variable that tells us that we are in an NMI handler
2) Make two copies of the interrupt stack frame.
One copy is used to return on iret
The other is used to restore the first one if we have a nested NMI.
This is what the stack will look like:
+-------------------------+
| original SS |
| original Return RSP |
| original RFLAGS |
| original CS |
| original RIP |
+-------------------------+
| temp storage for rdx |
+-------------------------+
| NMI executing variable |
+-------------------------+
| Saved SS |
| Saved Return RSP |
| Saved RFLAGS |
| Saved CS |
| Saved RIP |
+-------------------------+
| copied SS |
| copied Return RSP |
| copied RFLAGS |
| copied CS |
| copied RIP |
+-------------------------+
| pt_regs |
+-------------------------+
The original stack frame contains what the HW put in when we entered
the NMI.
We store %rdx as a temp variable to use. Both the original HW stack
frame and this %rdx storage will be clobbered by nested NMIs so we
can not rely on them later in the first NMI handler.
The next item is the special stack variable that is set when we execute
the rest of the NMI handler.
Then we have two copies of the interrupt stack. The second copy is
modified by any nested NMIs to let the first NMI know that we triggered
a second NMI (latched) and that we should repeat the NMI handler.
If the first NMI hits an exception or breakpoint that takes it out of
NMI context, if a second NMI comes in before the first one finishes,
it will update the copied interrupt stack to point to a fix up location
to trigger another NMI.
When the first NMI calls iret, it will instead jump to the fix up
location. This fix up location will copy the saved interrupt stack back
to the copy and execute the nmi handler again.
Note, the nested NMI knows enough to check if it preempted a previous
NMI handler while it is in the fixup location. If it has, it will not
modify the copied interrupt stack and will just leave as if nothing
happened. As the NMI handle is about to execute again, there's no reason
to latch now.
To test all this, I forced the NMI handler to call iret and take itself
out of NMI context. I also added assemble code to write to the serial to
make sure that it hits the nested path as well as the fix up path.
Everything seems to be working fine.
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Linus cleaned up the NMI handler but it still needs some comments to
explain why it uses save_paranoid but not paranoid_exit. Just to keep
others from adding that in the future, document why it's not used.
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The NMI handler uses the paranoid_exit routine that checks the
NEED_RESCHED flag, and if it is set and the return is for userspace,
then interrupts are enabled, the stack is swapped to the thread's stack,
and schedule is called. The problem with this is that we are still in an
NMI context until an iret is executed. This means that any new NMIs are
now starved until an interrupt or exception occurs and does the iret.
As NMIs can not be masked and can interrupt any location, they are
treated as a special case. NEED_RESCHED should not be set in an NMI
handler. The interruption by the NMI should not disturb the work flow
for scheduling. Any IPI sent to a processor after sending the
NEED_RESCHED would have to wait for the NMI anyway, and after the IPI
finishes the schedule would be called as required.
There is no reason to do anything special leaving an NMI. Remove the
call to paranoid_exit and do a simple return. This not only fixes the
bug of starved NMIs, but it also cleans up the code.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFzgM55hXTs4griX5e9=v_O+=ue+7Rj0PTD=M7hFYpyULQ@mail.gmail.com
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The x86_64 kernel pushes the fake kernel stack in
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:FAKE_STACK_FRAME, and
rflags register in it does not conform to the specification.
Although Intel's manual[1] says bit 1 of it shall be set to 1,
this bit is cleared to 0 on pushing the fake stack.
[1] Intel(R) 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual
Vol.1 3-21 Figure 3-8. EFLAGS Register
If it is not on purpose, it is better to be fixed, because
it can lead some tools misunderstanding the stack frame. For example,
"crash" utility[2] actually detects it and warns you like
below:
RIP: ffffffff8005dfa2 RSP: ffff8104ce0c7f58 RFLAGS: 00000200
[...]
bt: WARNING: possibly bogus exception frame
Signed-off-by: Seiichi Ikarashi <s.ikarashi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Masayoshi MIZUMA <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@suse.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
system_call_after_swapgs doesn't really benefit from forcing
alignment from it - quite the opposite, native code needlessly
so far got a big NOP instruction inserted in front of it. Xen
being the only user of the separate entry point can well live
with the branch going to three bytes into a cache line.
The compatibility mode ptregs entry points for one can make use
of the GLOBAL() macro, and should be suitably aligned. Their
shared continuation point (ia32_ptregs_common) otoh doesn't need
to be global at all, but should continue to be properly aligned.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4ED4CEEA020000780006407D@nat28.tlf.novell.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
GET_THREAD_INFO() involves a memory read immediately followed by
an "sub" on the value read, in turn (in several cases)
immediately followed by a use of the calculated value as the
base address of a memory access. This combination of
instructions has a non-negligible potential for stalls.
In the system call entry point code, however, the (fixed) offset
of the stack pointer from the end of the stack is generally
known, and hence we can instead avoid the memory load and
subtract, and instead do the memory reference using %rsp as the
base register. To do so in a legible fashion, introduce a
THREAD_INFO() macro which, provided a register (generally %rsp)
and the known offset from the end of the stack, produces a
suitable memory access operand.
The patch attempts to only touch the fast paths (no auditing and
alike), but manages to do so only in the 64-bit entry point
case; the compatibility mode entry points have so many
interdependencies between their various branch targets that it
was necessary to also adjust the slow paths to eliminate the
risk of having missed some register dependency during code
analysis.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4ED4CD690200007800064075@nat28.tlf.novell.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Jan Beulich