Centralize the page migration functions in anticipation of additional
tinkering. Creates a new file mm/migrate.c
1. Extract buffer_migrate_page() from fs/buffer.c
2. Extract central migration code from vmscan.c
3. Extract some components from mempolicy.c
4. Export pageout() and remove_from_swap() from vmscan.c
5. Make it possible to configure NUMA systems without page migration
and non-NUMA systems with page migration.
I had to so some #ifdeffing in mempolicy.c that may need a cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Implementation of hugetlbfs_counter() is functionally equivalent to
atomic_inc_return(). Use the simpler atomic form.
Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
These days, hugepages are demand-allocated at first fault time. There's a
somewhat dubious (and racy) heuristic when making a new mmap() to check if
there are enough available hugepages to fully satisfy that mapping.
A particularly obvious case where the heuristic breaks down is where a
process maps its hugepages not as a single chunk, but as a bunch of
individually mmap()ed (or shmat()ed) blocks without touching and
instantiating the pages in between allocations. In this case the size of
each block is compared against the total number of available hugepages.
It's thus easy for the process to become overcommitted, because each block
mapping will succeed, although the total number of hugepages required by
all blocks exceeds the number available. In particular, this defeats such
a program which will detect a mapping failure and adjust its hugepage usage
downward accordingly.
The patch below addresses this problem, by strictly reserving a number of
physical hugepages for hugepage inodes which have been mapped, but not
instatiated. MAP_SHARED mappings are thus "safe" - they will fail on
mmap(), not later with an OOM SIGKILL. MAP_PRIVATE mappings can still
trigger an OOM. (Actually SHARED mappings can technically still OOM, but
only if the sysadmin explicitly reduces the hugepage pool between mapping
and instantiation)
This patch appears to address the problem at hand - it allows DB2 to start
correctly, for instance, which previously suffered the failure described
above.
This patch causes no regressions on the libhugetblfs testsuite, and makes a
test (designed to catch this problem) pass which previously failed (ppc64,
POWER5).
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <dwg@au1.ibm.com>
Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Now that compound page handling is properly fixed in the VM, move nommu
over to using compound pages rather than rolling their own refcounting.
nommu vm page refcounting is broken anyway, but there is no need to have
divergent code in the core VM now, nor when it gets fixed.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
(Needs testing, please).
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
SLAB_NO_REAP is documented as an option that will cause this slab not to be
reaped under memory pressure. However, that is not what happens. The only
thing that SLAB_NO_REAP controls at the moment is the reclaim of the unused
slab elements that were allocated in batch in cache_reap(). Cache_reap()
is run every few seconds independently of memory pressure.
Could we remove the whole thing? Its only used by three slabs anyways and
I cannot find a reason for having this option.
There is an additional problem with SLAB_NO_REAP. If set then the recovery
of objects from alien caches is switched off. Objects not freed on the
same node where they were initially allocated will only be reused if a
certain amount of objects accumulates from one alien node (not very likely)
or if the cache is explicitly shrunk. (Strangely __cache_shrink does not
check for SLAB_NO_REAP)
Getting rid of SLAB_NO_REAP fixes the problems with alien cache freeing.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If a file is not found in v9fs_vfs_lookup, the function creates negative
dentry, but doesn't assign any dentry ops. This leaves the negative entry
in the cache (there is no d_delete to mark it for removal). If the file is
created outside of the mounted v9fs filesystem, the file shows up in the
directory with weird permissions.
This patch assigns the default v9fs dentry ops to the negative dentry.
Signed-off-by: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
As pointed out by Oliver Neukum.
Cc: Maneesh Soni <maneesh@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
These functions should only be used by the kobject core, and if any
driver tries to use them, bad things happen. Unexport them to try to
prevent this from happening.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
I wanted to export a binary blob via debugfs, and although it was pretty easy
it seems like it'd be easier if there was a helper for it. It's a pity we need
the wrapper struct but I can't see a cleaner way to do it.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The following patch checks for existing sysfs_dirent before
preparing new one while creating sysfs directories and files.
Signed-off-by: Maneesh Soni <maneesh@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
this converts fs/sysfs to kzalloc() usage.
compile tested with make allyesconfig
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Convert the kobj_map code to use a mutex instead of a semaphore. It
converts the single two users as well, genhd.c and char_dev.c.
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
When calling sysfs_remove_dir() don't allow any further sysfs functions
to work for this kobject anymore. This fixes a nasty USB cdc-acm oops
on disconnect.
Many thanks to Bob Copeland and Paul Fulghum for taking the time to
track this down.
Cc: Bob Copeland <email@bobcopeland.com>
Cc: Paul Fulghum <paulkf@microgate.com>
Cc: Maneesh Soni <maneesh@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shaggy/jfs-2.6:
JFS: add uid, gid, and umask mount options
JFS: Take logsync lock before testing mp->lsn
JFS: kzalloc conversion
JFS: Add missing file from fa3241d24c
JFS: Use the kthread_ API
JFS: Fix regression. fsck complains if symlinks do not have INLINEEA attribute
JFS: ext2 inode attributes for jfs
JFS: semaphore to mutex conversion.
JFS: make buddy table static
JFS: Add back directory i_size calculations for legacy partitions
A user can use nfsservctl() to spam the logs.
This can happen because the arguments to the nfsservctl() system call are
versioned. This is a good thing. However, when a bad version is detected,
the kernel prints a message and then returns an error.
Signed-off-by: Peter Staubach <staubach@redhat.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There is a d_drop in dir_release which caused problems as it invalidates
dcache entries too soon. This was likely a part of the wierd cwd behavior
folks were seeing.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This fixes not one, but _two_, silly (but admittedly hard to hit) bugs
in the ext2 filesystem "readdir()" function. It also cleans up the code
to avoid the unnecessary goto mess.
The bugs were related to re-valiating the f_pos value after somebody had
either done an "lseek()" on the directory to an invalid offset, or when
the offset had become invalid due to a file being unlinked in the
directory. The code would not only set the f_version too eagerly, it
would also not update f_pos appropriately for when the offset fixup took
place.
When that happened, we'd occasionally subsequently fail the readdir()
even when we shouldn't (no real harm done, but an ugly printk, and
obviously you would end up not necessarily seeing all entries).
Thanks to Masoud Sharbiani <masouds@google.com> who noticed the problem
and had a test-case for it, and also fixed up a thinko in the first
version of this patch.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Masoud Sharbiani <masouds@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The Coverity checker spotted the following bug in dup_namespace():
<-- snip -->
if (!new_ns->root) {
up_write(&namespace_sem);
kfree(new_ns);
goto out;
}
...
out:
return new_ns;
<-- snip -->
Callers expect a non-NULL result to not be freed.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
page migration currently simply retries a couple of times if try_to_unmap()
fails without inspecting the return code.
However, SWAP_FAIL indicates that the page is in a vma that has the
VM_LOCKED flag set (if ignore_refs ==1). We can check for that return code
and avoid retrying the migration.
migrate_page_remove_references() now needs to return a reason why the
failure occured. So switch migrate_page_remove_references to use -Exx
style error messages.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Affects only XFS (i.e. DIO_OWN_LOCKING case) - currently it is
not possible to get i_mutex locking correct when using DIO_OWN
direct I/O locking in a filesystem due to indeterminism in the
possible return code/lock/unlock combinations. This can cause
a direct read to attempt a double i_mutex unlock inside XFS.
We're now ensuring __blockdev_direct_IO always exits with the
inode i_mutex (still) held for a direct reader.
Tested with the three different locking modes (via direct block
device access, ext3 and XFS) - both reading and writing; cannot
find any regressions resulting from this change, and it clearly
fixes the mutex_unlock warning originally reported here:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114189068126253&w=2
Signed-off-by: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
This fixes a race where lsn could be cleared before taking the lock
Signed-off-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In theory, NLM specs assure us that the server will only reply LCK_GRANTED or
LCK_DENIED_GRACE_PERIOD to our NLM_UNLOCK request.
In practice, we should not assume this to be the case, and the code will
currently Oops if we do.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
It turns out that nfs4_proc_get_root() may return raw NFSv4 errors instead of
mapping them to kernel errors. Problem spotted by Neil Horman
<nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Based on an original patch by Mike O'Connor and Greg Banks of SGI.
Mike states:
A normal user can panic an NFS client and cause a local DoS with
'judicious'(?) use of O_DIRECT. Any O_DIRECT write to an NFS file where the
user buffer starts with a valid mapped page and contains an unmapped page,
will crash in this way. I haven't followed the code, but O_DIRECT reads with
similar user buffers will probably also crash albeit in different ways.
Details: when nfs_get_user_pages() calls get_user_pages(), it detects and
correctly handles get_user_pages() returning an error, which happens if the
first page covered by the user buffer's address range is unmapped. However,
if the first page is mapped but some subsequent page isn't, get_user_pages()
will return a positive number which is less than the number of pages requested
(this behaviour is sort of analagous to a short write() call and appears to be
intentional). nfs_get_user_pages() doesn't detect this and hands off the
array of pages (whose last few elements are random rubbish from the newly
allocated array memory) to it's caller, whence they go to
nfs_direct_write_seg(), which then totally ignores the nr_pages it's given,
and calculates its own idea of how many pages are in the array from the user
buffer length. Needless to say, when it comes to transmit those uninitialised
page* pointers, we see a crash in the network stack.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
One can do "chattr +j" on a file to change its journalling mode. Fix
writeback mode with "nobh" handling for it.
Even though, we mount ext3 filesystem in writeback mode with "nobh" option,
some one can do "chattr +j" on a single file to force it to do journalled
mode. In order to do journaling, ext3_block_truncate_page() need to
fallback to default case of creating buffers and adding them to transaction
etc.
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch fixes illegal __GFP_FS allocation inside ext3 transaction in
ext3_symlink(). Such allocation may re-enter ext3 code from
try_to_free_pages. But JBD/ext3 code keeps a pointer to current journal
handle in task_struct and, hence, is not reentrable.
This bug led to "Assertion failure in journal_dirty_metadata()" messages.
http://bugzilla.openvz.org/show_bug.cgi?id=115
Signed-off-by: Andrey Savochkin <saw@saw.sw.com.sg>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix some bugs in mtd/jffs2 on 64bit platform.
The MEMGETBADBLOCK/MEMSETBADBLOCK ioctl are not listed in compat_ioctl.h.
And some variables in jffs2 are declared as uint32_t but used to hold
size_t values.
Signed-off-by: Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
OS/2 doesn't initialize the uid, gid, or unix-style permission bits. The
uid, gid, & umask mount options perform pretty much like those for the fat
file system, overriding what is stored on disk. This is useful for users
sharing the file system with OS/2.
I implemented a little feature so that if you mask the execute bit, it
will be re-enabled on directories when the appropriate read bit is unmasked.
I didn't want to implement an fmask & dmask option.
Signed-off-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com>
A recent change to compat. dev_ifconf() in fs/compat_ioctl.c
causes ifconf data to be truncated 1 entry too early when copying it
to userspace. The correct amount of data (length) is returned,
but the final entry is empty (zero, not filled in).
The for-loop 'i' check should use <= to allow the final struct
ifreq32 to be copied. I also used the ifconf-corruption program
in kernel bugzilla #4746 to make sure that this change does not
re-introduce the corruption.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Miscellaneous fixes related to accessing uninitialized variables or memory
that was already freed.
Signed-off-by: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@ericvh.myip.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
DASD allows to open a device as soon as gendisk is registered, which means the
device is a fake device (capacity=0) and we do know nothing about blocksize
and partitions at that point of time. In case the device is opened by
someone, the bdev and inode creation is done with the fake device info and the
following partition detection code is just using the wrong data.
To avoid this modify the DASD state machine to make sure that the open is
rejected until the device analysis is either finished or an unformatted device
was detected.
Signed-off-by: Horst Hummel <horst.hummel@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I have benchmarked this on an x86_64 NUMA system and see no significant
performance difference on kernbench. Tested on both x86_64 and powerpc.
The way we do file struct accounting is not very suitable for batched
freeing. For scalability reasons, file accounting was
constructor/destructor based. This meant that nr_files was decremented
only when the object was removed from the slab cache. This is susceptible
to slab fragmentation. With RCU based file structure, consequent batched
freeing and a test program like Serge's, we just speed this up and end up
with a very fragmented slab -
llm22:~ # cat /proc/sys/fs/file-nr
587730 0 758844
At the same time, I see only a 2000+ objects in filp cache. The following
patch I fixes this problem.
This patch changes the file counting by removing the filp_count_lock.
Instead we use a separate percpu counter, nr_files, for now and all
accesses to it are through get_nr_files() api. In the sysctl handler for
nr_files, we populate files_stat.nr_files before returning to user.
Counting files as an when they are created and destroyed (as opposed to
inside slab) allows us to correctly count open files with RCU.
Signed-off-by: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix a bug in udf where it would write uid/gid = 0 to the disk for files
owned by the id given with the uid=/gid= mount options. It also adds 4 new
mount options: uid/gid=forget and uid/gid=ignore. Without any options the
id in core and on disk always match. Giving uid/gid=nnn specifies a
default ID to be used in core when the on disk ID is -1. uid/gid=ignore
forces the in core ID to allways be used no matter what the on disk ID is.
uid/gid=forget forces the on disk ID to always be written out as -1.
The use of these options allows you to override ownerships on a disk or
disable ownwership information from being written, allowing the media to be
used portably between different computers and possibly different users
without permissions issues that would require root to correct.
Signed-off-by: Phillip Susi <psusi@cfl.rr.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
We don't do interruptible waits for the pipe mutex anywhere else any
more either, so don't do it in fifo_open() either.
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The point of the smaps "shared" is to count the number of pages that are
mapped by more than one process, according to Mauricio Lin. However, smaps
uses page_count for this, so it will return a false positive for every page
that is mapped by just that one process, which is also in pagecache or
swapcache. There are false positive situations for anonymous pages not in
swapcache as well: - page reclaim, migration - get_user_pages (eg.
direct-io, ptrace)
Use page_mapcount instead, to count the number of mappings to the page.
Use vm_normal_page so that weird things like /dev/mem aren't counted either.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
ramfs neglects to update the directory mtime and ctime fields when creating
a new symbolic link. Ramfs was modified in 2.6.15 to update these fields
when other types of entries are created. The symlink support is separate
from that other support, so that change did not cover quite all of the
possibilities.
All of the directory content manipulation entry points now seem to be
covered with respect to these time field updates.
Signed-off-by: Peter Staubach <staubach@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix handling of cramfs images created by util-linux containing empty
regular files. Images created by cramfstools 1.x were ok.
Fill out inode contents in cramfs_iget5_set() instead of get_cramfs_inode()
to prevent issues if cramfs_iget5_test() is called with I_LOCK|I_NEW still
set.
Signed-off-by: Dave Johnson <djohnson+linux-kernel@sw.starentnetworks.com>
Cc: Olaf Hering <olh@suse.de>
Cc: Chris Mason <mason@suse.com>
Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
session when multiply mounted.
Fixes slow response when cifs client is mounted to shares on multiple
servers and oplock break occurs (usually due to attempt to multiply open a
file). When treeids on mutiple mounted shares match and we find the wrong
match first, we searched for the wrong cached files to send oplock break
response for which usually meant that no matching file was found and thus
the server would have to timeout the notification. Oplock break timeout is
about 20 seconds on some servers so this could cause significantly slower
performance on file open calls in a few cases (in particular when multiple
shares are mounted from multiple servers, tree ids match, and we have a
cached file which is later opened multiple times). This was the most
important of the bugs that was found and fixed at Connectathon
(interoperability testing event) this week.
Acked-by: Shaggy (shaggy@austin.ibm.com)
Signed-off-by: Steve French (sfrench@us.ibm.com)
The bitmaps associated with generation numbers for directory entries
are declared as an array of ints. On some platforms, this causes alignment
exceptions.
The following patch uses the standard bitmap declaration macros to
declare the bitmaps, fixing the problem.
Originally from Takashi Iwai.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Acked-by: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch fixes bugs in reiserfs where unsigned integers were checked
whether they are less then 0.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir V. Saveliev <vs@namesys.com>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: Hans Reiser <reiser@namesys.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
v9fs has been plagued by an over-complicated approach trying to map Linux
dentry semantics to Plan 9 fid semantics. Our previous approach called for
aggressive flushing of the dcache resulting in several problems (including
wierd cwd behavior when running /bin/pwd).
This patch dramatically simplifies our handling of this fid management. Fids
will not be clunked as promptly, but the new approach is more functionally
correct. We now clunk un-open fids only when their dentry ref_count reaches 0
(and d_delete is called).
Another simplification is we no longer seek to match fids to the process-id or
uid of the action initiator. The uid-matching will need to be revisited when
we fix the security model.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Lucho's atomic create+open fix had a bug in the super block initialization
causing all mounts to fail. He was freeing an fcall too early. This patch
fixes that oversight.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
