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linux-2.6/arch/s390/mm/init.c

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/*
* arch/s390/mm/init.c
*
* S390 version
* Copyright (C) 1999 IBM Deutschland Entwicklung GmbH, IBM Corporation
* Author(s): Hartmut Penner (hp@de.ibm.com)
*
* Derived from "arch/i386/mm/init.c"
* Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
*/
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/poison.h>
#include <linux/initrd.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
#include <asm/dma.h>
#include <asm/lowcore.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mmu_gather, mmu_gathers);
pgd_t swapper_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD] __attribute__((__aligned__(PAGE_SIZE)));
char empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE] __attribute__((__aligned__(PAGE_SIZE)));
void show_mem(void)
{
int i, total = 0, reserved = 0;
int shared = 0, cached = 0;
struct page *page;
printk("Mem-info:\n");
show_free_areas();
printk("Free swap: %6ldkB\n", nr_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
i = max_mapnr;
while (i-- > 0) {
if (!pfn_valid(i))
continue;
page = pfn_to_page(i);
total++;
if (PageReserved(page))
reserved++;
else if (PageSwapCache(page))
cached++;
else if (page_count(page))
shared += page_count(page) - 1;
}
printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
printk("%lu pages dirty\n", global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY));
printk("%lu pages writeback\n", global_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK));
printk("%lu pages mapped\n", global_page_state(NR_FILE_MAPPED));
printk("%lu pages slab\n",
global_page_state(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE) +
global_page_state(NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE));
printk("%lu pages pagetables\n", global_page_state(NR_PAGETABLE));
}
static void __init setup_ro_region(void)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
pmd_t *pmd;
pte_t *pte;
pte_t new_pte;
unsigned long address, end;
address = ((unsigned long)&_stext) & PAGE_MASK;
end = PFN_ALIGN((unsigned long)&_eshared);
for (; address < end; address += PAGE_SIZE) {
pgd = pgd_offset_k(address);
pmd = pmd_offset(pgd, address);
pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
new_pte = mk_pte_phys(address, __pgprot(_PAGE_RO));
[S390] noexec protection This provides a noexec protection on s390 hardware. Our hardware does not have any bits left in the pte for a hw noexec bit, so this is a different approach using shadow page tables and a special addressing mode that allows separate address spaces for code and data. As a special feature of our "secondary-space" addressing mode, separate page tables can be specified for the translation of data addresses (storage operands) and instruction addresses. The shadow page table is used for the instruction addresses and the standard page table for the data addresses. The shadow page table is linked to the standard page table by a pointer in page->lru.next of the struct page corresponding to the page that contains the standard page table (since page->private is not really private with the pte_lock and the page table pages are not in the LRU list). Depending on the software bits of a pte, it is either inserted into both page tables or just into the standard (data) page table. Pages of a vma that does not have the VM_EXEC bit set get mapped only in the data address space. Any try to execute code on such a page will cause a page translation exception. The standard reaction to this is a SIGSEGV with two exceptions: the two system call opcodes 0x0a77 (sys_sigreturn) and 0x0aad (sys_rt_sigreturn) are allowed. They are stored by the kernel to the signal stack frame. Unfortunately, the signal return mechanism cannot be modified to use an SA_RESTORER because the exception unwinding code depends on the system call opcode stored behind the signal stack frame. This feature requires that user space is executed in secondary-space mode and the kernel in home-space mode, which means that the addressing modes need to be switched and that the noexec protection only works for user space. After switching the addressing modes, we cannot use the mvcp/mvcs instructions anymore to copy between kernel and user space. A new mvcos instruction has been added to the z9 EC/BC hardware which allows to copy between arbitrary address spaces, but on older hardware the page tables need to be walked manually. Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
2007-02-05 20:18:17 +00:00
*pte = new_pte;
}
}
/*
* paging_init() sets up the page tables
*/
void __init paging_init(void)
{
pgd_t *pg_dir;
int i;
unsigned long pgdir_k;
static const int ssm_mask = 0x04000000L;
unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES];
pg_dir = swapper_pg_dir;
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
pgdir_k = (__pa(swapper_pg_dir) & PAGE_MASK) | _KERN_REGION_TABLE;
for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PGD; i++)
[S390] noexec protection This provides a noexec protection on s390 hardware. Our hardware does not have any bits left in the pte for a hw noexec bit, so this is a different approach using shadow page tables and a special addressing mode that allows separate address spaces for code and data. As a special feature of our "secondary-space" addressing mode, separate page tables can be specified for the translation of data addresses (storage operands) and instruction addresses. The shadow page table is used for the instruction addresses and the standard page table for the data addresses. The shadow page table is linked to the standard page table by a pointer in page->lru.next of the struct page corresponding to the page that contains the standard page table (since page->private is not really private with the pte_lock and the page table pages are not in the LRU list). Depending on the software bits of a pte, it is either inserted into both page tables or just into the standard (data) page table. Pages of a vma that does not have the VM_EXEC bit set get mapped only in the data address space. Any try to execute code on such a page will cause a page translation exception. The standard reaction to this is a SIGSEGV with two exceptions: the two system call opcodes 0x0a77 (sys_sigreturn) and 0x0aad (sys_rt_sigreturn) are allowed. They are stored by the kernel to the signal stack frame. Unfortunately, the signal return mechanism cannot be modified to use an SA_RESTORER because the exception unwinding code depends on the system call opcode stored behind the signal stack frame. This feature requires that user space is executed in secondary-space mode and the kernel in home-space mode, which means that the addressing modes need to be switched and that the noexec protection only works for user space. After switching the addressing modes, we cannot use the mvcp/mvcs instructions anymore to copy between kernel and user space. A new mvcos instruction has been added to the z9 EC/BC hardware which allows to copy between arbitrary address spaces, but on older hardware the page tables need to be walked manually. Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
2007-02-05 20:18:17 +00:00
pgd_clear_kernel(pg_dir + i);
#else
pgdir_k = (__pa(swapper_pg_dir) & PAGE_MASK) | _KERNSEG_TABLE;
for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PGD; i++)
[S390] noexec protection This provides a noexec protection on s390 hardware. Our hardware does not have any bits left in the pte for a hw noexec bit, so this is a different approach using shadow page tables and a special addressing mode that allows separate address spaces for code and data. As a special feature of our "secondary-space" addressing mode, separate page tables can be specified for the translation of data addresses (storage operands) and instruction addresses. The shadow page table is used for the instruction addresses and the standard page table for the data addresses. The shadow page table is linked to the standard page table by a pointer in page->lru.next of the struct page corresponding to the page that contains the standard page table (since page->private is not really private with the pte_lock and the page table pages are not in the LRU list). Depending on the software bits of a pte, it is either inserted into both page tables or just into the standard (data) page table. Pages of a vma that does not have the VM_EXEC bit set get mapped only in the data address space. Any try to execute code on such a page will cause a page translation exception. The standard reaction to this is a SIGSEGV with two exceptions: the two system call opcodes 0x0a77 (sys_sigreturn) and 0x0aad (sys_rt_sigreturn) are allowed. They are stored by the kernel to the signal stack frame. Unfortunately, the signal return mechanism cannot be modified to use an SA_RESTORER because the exception unwinding code depends on the system call opcode stored behind the signal stack frame. This feature requires that user space is executed in secondary-space mode and the kernel in home-space mode, which means that the addressing modes need to be switched and that the noexec protection only works for user space. After switching the addressing modes, we cannot use the mvcp/mvcs instructions anymore to copy between kernel and user space. A new mvcos instruction has been added to the z9 EC/BC hardware which allows to copy between arbitrary address spaces, but on older hardware the page tables need to be walked manually. Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
2007-02-05 20:18:17 +00:00
pmd_clear_kernel((pmd_t *)(pg_dir + i));
#endif
vmem_map_init();
setup_ro_region();
S390_lowcore.kernel_asce = pgdir_k;
/* enable virtual mapping in kernel mode */
__ctl_load(pgdir_k, 1, 1);
__ctl_load(pgdir_k, 7, 7);
__ctl_load(pgdir_k, 13, 13);
__raw_local_irq_ssm(ssm_mask);
memset(max_zone_pfns, 0, sizeof(max_zone_pfns));
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA] = PFN_DOWN(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS);
#endif
max_zone_pfns[ZONE_NORMAL] = max_low_pfn;
free_area_init_nodes(max_zone_pfns);
}
void __init mem_init(void)
{
unsigned long codesize, reservedpages, datasize, initsize;
max_mapnr = num_physpages = max_low_pfn;
high_memory = (void *) __va(max_low_pfn * PAGE_SIZE);
/* clear the zero-page */
memset(empty_zero_page, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
/* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */
totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
reservedpages = 0;
codesize = (unsigned long) &_etext - (unsigned long) &_text;
datasize = (unsigned long) &_edata - (unsigned long) &_etext;
initsize = (unsigned long) &__init_end - (unsigned long) &__init_begin;
printk("Memory: %luk/%luk available (%ldk kernel code, %ldk reserved, %ldk data, %ldk init)\n",
(unsigned long) nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
max_mapnr << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
codesize >> 10,
reservedpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
datasize >>10,
initsize >> 10);
printk("Write protected kernel read-only data: %#lx - %#lx\n",
(unsigned long)&_stext,
PFN_ALIGN((unsigned long)&_eshared) - 1);
}
void free_initmem(void)
{
unsigned long addr;
addr = (unsigned long)(&__init_begin);
for (; addr < (unsigned long)(&__init_end); addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(addr));
init_page_count(virt_to_page(addr));
memset((void *)addr, POISON_FREE_INITMEM, PAGE_SIZE);
free_page(addr);
totalram_pages++;
}
printk ("Freeing unused kernel memory: %ldk freed\n",
((unsigned long)&__init_end - (unsigned long)&__init_begin) >> 10);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
if (start < end)
printk ("Freeing initrd memory: %ldk freed\n", (end - start) >> 10);
for (; start < end; start += PAGE_SIZE) {
ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(start));
init_page_count(virt_to_page(start));
free_page(start);
totalram_pages++;
}
}
#endif