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libnl/python/netlink/core.py

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Python

#
# Netlink interface based on libnl
#
# Copyright (c) 2011 Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
#
"""netlink library based on libnl
This module provides an interface to netlink sockets
The module contains the following public classes:
- Socket -- The netlink socket
- Object -- Abstract object (based on struct nl_obect in libnl) used as
base class for all object types which can be put into a Cache
- Cache -- A collection of objects which are derived from the base
class Object. Used for netlink protocols which maintain a list
or tree of objects.
- DumpParams --
The following exceptions are defined:
- NetlinkError -- Base exception for all general purpose exceptions raised.
- KernelError -- Raised when the kernel returns an error as response to a
request.
All other classes or functions in this module are considered implementation
details.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from . import capi
import sys
import socket
import struct
__all__ = ['Message', 'Socket', 'DumpParams', 'Object', 'Cache', 'KernelError',
'NetlinkError']
__version__ = "0.1"
# netlink protocols
NETLINK_ROUTE = 0
# NETLINK_UNUSED = 1
NETLINK_USERSOCK = 2
NETLINK_FIREWALL = 3
NETLINK_INET_DIAG = 4
NETLINK_NFLOG = 5
NETLINK_XFRM = 6
NETLINK_SELINUX = 7
NETLINK_ISCSI = 8
NETLINK_AUDIT = 9
NETLINK_FIB_LOOKUP = 10
NETLINK_CONNECTOR = 11
NETLINK_NETFILTER = 12
NETLINK_IP6_FW = 13
NETLINK_DNRTMSG = 14
NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT = 15
NETLINK_GENERIC = 16
NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT = 18
NETLINK_ECRYPTFS = 19
NL_DONTPAD = 0
NL_AUTO_PORT = 0
NL_AUTO_SEQ = 0
NL_DUMP_LINE = 0
NL_DUMP_DETAILS = 1
NL_DUMP_STATS = 2
NLM_F_REQUEST = 1
NLM_F_MULTI = 2
NLM_F_ACK = 4
NLM_F_ECHO = 8
NLM_F_ROOT = 0x100
NLM_F_MATCH = 0x200
NLM_F_ATOMIC = 0x400
NLM_F_DUMP = NLM_F_ROOT | NLM_F_MATCH
NLM_F_REPLACE = 0x100
NLM_F_EXCL = 0x200
NLM_F_CREATE = 0x400
NLM_F_APPEND = 0x800
class NetlinkError(Exception):
def __init__(self, error):
self._error = error
self._msg = capi.nl_geterror(error)
def __str__(self):
return self._msg
class KernelError(NetlinkError):
def __str__(self):
return "Kernel returned: " + self._msg
class ImmutableError(NetlinkError):
def __init__(self, msg):
self._msg = msg
def __str__(self):
return "Immutable attribute: " + self._msg
class Message(object):
"""Netlink message"""
def __init__(self, size=0):
if size == 0:
self._msg = capi.nlmsg_alloc()
else:
self._msg = capi.nlmsg_alloc_size(size)
if self._msg is None:
raise Exception("Message allocation returned NULL")
def __del__(self):
capi.nlmsg_free(self._msg)
def __len__(self):
return capi.nlmsg_len(nlmsg_hdr(self._msg))
@property
def protocol(self):
return capi.nlmsg_get_proto(self._msg)
@protocol.setter
def protocol(self, value):
capi.nlmsg_set_proto(self._msg, value)
@property
def maxSize(self):
return capi.nlmsg_get_max_size(self._msg)
@property
def hdr(self):
return capi.nlmsg_hdr(self._msg)
@property
def data(self):
return capi.nlmsg_data(self._msg)
@property
def attrs(self):
return capi.nlmsg_attrdata(self._msg)
def send(self, socket):
socket.send(self)
class Socket(object):
"""Netlink socket"""
def __init__(self, cb=None):
if cb is None:
self._sock = capi.nl_socket_alloc()
else:
self._sock = capi.nl_socket_alloc_cb(cb)
if self._sock is None:
raise Exception("NULL pointer returned while allocating socket")
def __del__(self):
capi.nl_socket_free(self._sock)
def __str__(self):
return "nlsock<" + str(self.localPort) + ">"
@property
def local_port(self):
return capi.nl_socket_get_local_port(self._sock)
@local_port.setter
def local_port(self, value):
capi.nl_socket_set_local_port(self._sock, int(value))
@property
def peer_port(self):
return capi.nl_socket_get_peer_port(self._sock)
@peer_port.setter
def peer_port(self, value):
capi.nl_socket_set_peer_port(self._sock, int(value))
@property
def peer_groups(self):
return capi.nl_socket_get_peer_groups(self._sock)
@peer_groups.setter
def peer_groups(self, value):
capi.nl_socket_set_peer_groups(self._sock, value)
def set_bufsize(self, rx, tx):
capi.nl_socket_set_buffer_size(self._sock, rx, tx)
def connect(self, proto):
capi.nl_connect(self._sock, proto)
return self
def disconnect(self):
capi.nl_close(self._sock)
def sendto(self, buf):
ret = capi.nl_sendto(self._sock, buf, len(buf))
if ret < 0:
raise Exception("Failed to send")
else:
return ret
_sockets = {}
def lookup_socket(protocol):
try:
sock = _sockets[protocol]
except KeyError:
sock = Socket()
sock.connect(protocol)
_sockets[protocol] = sock
return sock
class DumpParams(object):
"""Dumping parameters"""
def __init__(self, type=NL_DUMP_LINE):
self._dp = capi.alloc_dump_params()
if not self._dp:
raise Exception("Unable to allocate struct nl_dump_params")
self._dp.dp_type = type
def __del__(self):
capi.free_dump_params(self._dp)
@property
def type(self):
return self._dp.dp_type
@type.setter
def type(self, value):
self._dp.dp_type = value
@property
def prefix(self):
return self._dp.dp_prefix
@prefix.setter
def prefix(self, value):
self._dp.dp_prefix = value
# underscore this to make sure it is deleted first upon module deletion
_defaultDumpParams = DumpParams(type=NL_DUMP_LINE)
###########################################################################
# Cacheable Object (Base Class)
class Object(object):
"""Cacheable object (base class)"""
def __init__(self, obj_name, name, obj=None):
self._obj_name = obj_name
self._name = name
self._modules = []
if not obj:
obj = capi.object_alloc_name(self._obj_name)
self._nl_object = obj
# Create a clone which stores the original state to notice
# modifications
clone_obj = capi.nl_object_clone(self._nl_object)
self._orig = self._obj2type(clone_obj)
def __del__(self):
if not self._nl_object:
raise ValueError()
capi.nl_object_put(self._nl_object)
def __str__(self):
if hasattr(self, 'format'):
return self.format()
else:
return capi.nl_object_dump_buf(self._nl_object, 4096).rstrip()
def _new_instance(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def clone(self):
"""Clone object"""
return self._new_instance(capi.nl_object_clone(self._nl_object))
def _module_lookup(self, path, constructor=None):
"""Lookup object specific module and load it
Object implementations consisting of multiple types may
offload some type specific code to separate modules which
are loadable on demand, e.g. a VLAN link or a specific
queueing discipline implementation.
Loads the module `path` and calls the constructor if
supplied or `module`.init()
The constructor/init function typically assigns a new
object covering the type specific implementation aspects
to the new object, e.g. link.vlan = VLANLink()
"""
try:
tmp = __import__(path)
except ImportError:
return
module = sys.modules[path]
if constructor:
ret = getattr(module, constructor)(self)
else:
ret = module.init(self)
if ret:
self._modules.append(ret)
def _module_brief(self):
ret = ''
for module in self._modules:
if hasattr(module, 'brief'):
ret += module.brief()
return ret
def dump(self, params=None):
"""Dump object as human readable text"""
if params is None:
params = _defaultDumpParams
capi.nl_object_dump(self._nl_object, params._dp)
#####################################################################
# mark
@property
def mark(self):
if capi.nl_object_is_marked(self.obj):
return True
else:
return False
@mark.setter
def mark(self, value):
if value:
capi.nl_object_mark(self._nl_object)
else:
capi.nl_object_unmark(self._nl_object)
#####################################################################
# shared
@property
def shared(self):
return capi.nl_object_shared(self._nl_object) != 0
#####################################################################
# attrs
@property
def attrs(self):
attr_list = capi.nl_object_attr_list(self._nl_object, 1024)
return re.split('\W+', attr_list[0])
#####################################################################
# refcnt
@property
def refcnt(self):
return capi.nl_object_get_refcnt(self._nl_object)
# this method resolves multiple levels of sub types to allow
# accessing properties of subclass/subtypes (e.g. link.vlan.id)
def _resolve(self, attr):
obj = self
l = attr.split('.')
while len(l) > 1:
obj = getattr(obj, l.pop(0))
return (obj, l.pop(0))
def _setattr(self, attr, val):
obj, attr = self._resolve(attr)
return setattr(obj, attr, val)
def _hasattr(self, attr):
obj, attr = self._resolve(attr)
return hasattr(obj, attr)
def apply(self, attr, val):
try:
d = attrs[self._name + "." + attr]
except KeyError:
raise KeyError("Unknown " + self._name +
" attribute: " + attr)
if 'immutable' in d:
raise ImmutableError(attr)
if not self._hasattr(attr):
raise KeyError("Invalid " + self._name +
" attribute: " + attr)
self._setattr(attr, val)
class ObjIterator(object):
def __init__(self, cache, obj):
self._cache = cache
self._nl_object = None
if not obj:
self._end = 1
else:
capi.nl_object_get(obj)
self._nl_object = obj
self._first = 1
self._end = 0
def __del__(self):
if self._nl_object:
capi.nl_object_put(self._nl_object)
def __iter__(self):
return self
def get_next(self):
return capi.nl_cache_get_next(self._nl_object)
def next(self):
if self._end:
raise StopIteration()
if self._first:
ret = self._nl_object
self._first = 0
else:
ret = self.get_next()
if not ret:
self._end = 1
raise StopIteration()
# return ref of previous element and acquire ref of current
# element to have object stay around until we fetched the
# next ptr
capi.nl_object_put(self._nl_object)
capi.nl_object_get(ret)
self._nl_object = ret
# reference used inside object
capi.nl_object_get(ret)
return self._cache._new_object(ret)
class ReverseObjIterator(ObjIterator):
def get_next(self):
return capi.nl_cache_get_prev(self._nl_object)
###########################################################################
# Cache
class Cache(object):
"""Collection of netlink objects"""
def __init__(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def __del(self):
capi.nl_cache_free(self._nl_cache)
def __len__(self):
return capi.nl_cache_nitems(self._nl_cache)
def __iter__(self):
obj = capi.nl_cache_get_first(self._nl_cache)
return ObjIterator(self, obj)
def __reversed__(self):
obj = capi.nl_cache_get_last(self._nl_cache)
return ReverseObjIterator(self, obj)
def __contains__(self, item):
obj = capi.nl_cache_search(self._nl_cache, item._nl_object)
if obj is None:
return False
else:
capi.nl_object_put(obj)
return True
# called by sub classes to allocate type specific caches by name
def _alloc_cache_name(self, name):
return capi.alloc_cache_name(name)
# implemented by sub classes, must return new instasnce of cacheable
# object
def _new_object(self, obj):
raise NotImplementedError()
# implemented by sub classes, must return instance of sub class
def _new_cache(self, cache):
raise NotImplementedError()
def subset(self, filter):
"""Return new cache containing subset of cache
Cretes a new cache containing all objects which match the
specified filter.
"""
if not filter:
raise ValueError()
c = capi.nl_cache_subset(self._nl_cache, filter._nl_object)
return self._new_cache(cache=c)
def dump(self, params=None, filter=None):
"""Dump (print) cache as human readable text"""
if not params:
params = _defaultDumpParams
if filter:
filter = filter._nl_object
capi.nl_cache_dump_filter(self._nl_cache, params._dp, filter)
def clear(self):
"""Remove all cache entries"""
capi.nl_cache_clear(self._nl_cache)
# Called by sub classes to set first cache argument
def _set_arg1(self, arg):
self.arg1 = arg
capi.nl_cache_set_arg1(self._nl_cache, arg)
# Called by sub classes to set second cache argument
def _set_arg2(self, arg):
self.arg2 = arg
capi.nl_cache_set_arg2(self._nl_cache, arg)
def refill(self, socket=None):
"""Clear cache and refill it"""
if socket is None:
socket = lookup_socket(self._protocol)
capi.nl_cache_refill(socket._sock, self._nl_cache)
return self
def resync(self, socket=None, cb=None):
"""Synchronize cache with content in kernel"""
if socket is None:
socket = lookup_socket(self._protocol)
capi.nl_cache_resync(socket._sock, self._nl_cache, cb)
def provide(self):
"""Provide this cache to others
Caches which have been "provided" are made available
to other users (of the same application context) which
"require" it. F.e. a link cache is generally provided
to allow others to translate interface indexes to
link names
"""
capi.nl_cache_mngt_provide(self._nl_cache)
def unprovide(self):
"""Unprovide this cache
No longer make the cache available to others. If the cache
has been handed out already, that reference will still
be valid.
"""
capi.nl_cache_mngt_unprovide(self._nl_cache)
###########################################################################
# Cache Manager (Work in Progress)
NL_AUTO_PROVIDE = 1
class CacheManager(object):
def __init__(self, protocol, flags=None):
self._sock = Socket()
self._sock.connect(protocol)
if not flags:
flags = NL_AUTO_PROVIDE
self._mngr = cache_mngr_alloc(self._sock._sock, protocol, flags)
def __del__(self):
if self._sock:
self._sock.disconnect()
if self._mngr:
capi.nl_cache_mngr_free(self._mngr)
def add(self, name):
capi.cache_mngr_add(self._mngr, name, None, None)
###########################################################################
# Address Family
class AddressFamily(object):
"""Address family representation
af = AddressFamily('inet6')
# raises:
# - ValueError if family name is not known
# - TypeError if invalid type is specified for family
print af # => 'inet6' (string representation)
print int(af) # => 10 (numeric representation)
print repr(af) # => AddressFamily('inet6')
"""
def __init__(self, family=socket.AF_UNSPEC):
if isinstance(family, str):
family = capi.nl_str2af(family)
if family < 0:
raise ValueError('Unknown family name')
elif not isinstance(family, int):
raise TypeError()
self._family = family
def __str__(self):
return capi.nl_af2str(self._family, 32)[0]
def __len__(self):
return len(str(self))
def __int__(self):
return self._family
def __repr__(self):
return 'AddressFamily(\'' + str(self) + '\')'
###########################################################################
# Abstract Address
class AbstractAddress(object):
"""Abstract address object
addr = AbstractAddress('127.0.0.1/8')
print addr # => '127.0.0.1/8'
print addr.prefixlen # => '8'
print addr.family # => 'inet'
print len(addr) # => '4' (32bit ipv4 address)
a = AbstractAddress('10.0.0.1/24')
b = AbstractAddress('10.0.0.2/24')
print a == b # => False
"""
def __init__(self, addr):
self._nl_addr = None
if isinstance(addr, str):
addr = capi.addr_parse(addr, socket.AF_UNSPEC)
if addr is None:
raise ValueError('Invalid address format')
elif addr:
capi.nl_addr_get(addr)
self._nl_addr = addr
def __del__(self):
if self._nl_addr:
capi.nl_addr_put(self._nl_addr)
def __cmp__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, str):
other = AbstractAddress(other)
diff = self.prefixlen - other.prefixlen
if diff == 0:
diff = capi.nl_addr_cmp(self._nl_addr, other._nl_addr)
return diff
def contains(self, item):
diff = int(self.family) - int(item.family)
if diff:
return False
if item.prefixlen < self.prefixlen:
return False
diff = capi.nl_addr_cmp_prefix(self._nl_addr, item._nl_addr)
return diff == 0
def __nonzero__(self):
if self._nl_addr:
return not capi.nl_addr_iszero(self._nl_addr)
else:
return False
def __len__(self):
if self._nl_addr:
return capi.nl_addr_get_len(self._nl_addr)
else:
return 0
def __str__(self):
if self._nl_addr:
return capi.nl_addr2str(self._nl_addr, 64)[0]
else:
return "none"
@property
def shared(self):
"""True if address is shared (multiple users)"""
if self._nl_addr:
return capi.nl_addr_shared(self._nl_addr) != 0
else:
return False
@property
def prefixlen(self):
"""Length of prefix (number of bits)"""
if self._nl_addr:
return capi.nl_addr_get_prefixlen(self._nl_addr)
else:
return 0
@prefixlen.setter
def prefixlen(self, value):
if not self._nl_addr:
raise TypeError()
capi.nl_addr_set_prefixlen(self._nl_addr, int(value))
@property
def family(self):
"""Address family"""
f = 0
if self._nl_addr:
f = capi.nl_addr_get_family(self._nl_addr)
return AddressFamily(f)
@family.setter
def family(self, value):
if not self._nl_addr:
raise TypeError()
if not isinstance(value, AddressFamily):
value = AddressFamily(value)
capi.nl_addr_set_family(self._nl_addr, int(value))
# global dictionay for all object attributes
#
# attrs[type][keyword] : value
#
# keyword:
# type = { int | str }
# immutable = { True | False }
# fmt = func (formatting function)
#
attrs = {}
def add_attr(name, **kwds):
attrs[name] = {}
for k in kwds:
attrs[name][k] = kwds[k]
def nlattr(name, **kwds):
"""netlink object attribute decorator
decorator used to mark mutable and immutable properties
of netlink objects. All properties marked as such are
regarded to be accessable.
@netlink.nlattr('my_type.my_attr', type=int)
@property
def my_attr(self):
return self._my_attr
"""
attrs[name] = {}
for k in kwds:
attrs[name][k] = kwds[k]
def wrap_fn(func):
return func
return wrap_fn