Store all Classmark information in the VLR.
So, we now always know the Classmark 1 (mandatory IE for LU). This is visible
in the msc_vlr_tests -- they no longer indicate "assuming A5/1 is supported"
because classmark 1 is missing, because we now know the Classmark 1.
Rationale:
During Location Updating, we receive Classmark 1; during CM Service Request and
Paging Response, we receive Classmark 2. So far we stored these only for the
duration of the conn, so as soon as a LU is complete, we would forget CM1.
In other words, for anything else than a LU Request, we had no Classmark 1
available at all.
During Ciphering Mode Command, we rely on Classmark 1 to determine whether A5/1
is supported. That is moot if we don't even have a Classmark 1 for any CM
Service Request or Paging Response initiated connections.
The only reason that A5/1 worked is that we assume A5/1 to work if Classmark 1
is missing. To add to the confusion, if a phone indicated that it did *not*
support A5/1 in the Classmark 1, according to spec we're supposed to not
service it at all. A code comment however says that we instead want to heed the
flag -- which so far was only present in a Location Updating initiated
connection. Now we can make this decision without assuming things.
This got my attention while hacking on sending a BSSMAP Classmark Request from
the MSC if it finds missing Classmark information, and was surprised to see it
it lacking CM1 to decide about A5/1.
Change-Id: I27081bf6e9e017923b2d02607f7ea06beddad82a
In order to be able to support external SS/USSD gateway, we should
not terminate the GSM 04.80 messages at OsmoMSC. Instead, we need
to follow the GSM TS 09.11 specification, and forward all messages
unhandled by OsmoMSC to OsmoHLR over GSUP protocol.
This change implements forwarding of MO SS/USSD messages. The
forwarding assumes transcoding between GSM 04.80 messages and
GSUP messages. The payload of Facility IE is carried 'as is'.
As a side-effect, this will disable the osmo-msc internal handler
implementing the "*#100#" for obtaining the subscribers own phone
number. In order to re-gain this functionality, you will need a
modern osmo-hlr (Change-Id I1d09fab810a6bb9ab02904de72dbc9e8a414f9f9)
and the following line in your osmo-hlr.cfg:
hlr
ussd route prefix *#100# internal own-msisdn
TTCN-3 test case: I01de73aced6057328a121577a5a83bc2615fb2d4
Change-Id: Ide5f7e350b537db80cd8326fc59c8bf2e01cb68c
Some internal sub-systems, such as SS/USSD or SMS implementation,
may also need to use GSUP connection with HLR. Previously, it was
only available within the libvlr code, and nowhere else.
Let's introduce the generic GSUP message router, which will
receive messages unhandled by VLR itself, and route them to
a handler depending on the message type.
Change-Id: Ib8146ce5788c8f249dcaa39d61bd0388574bf892
The CC sub-layer is fairly self-contained, so let's move it to
a separate C source file. The old gsm_04_08.c file now only
contains the 04.07 / DTAP core and MM sub-layer handling.
I did this initially as an experiment to see how self-contained
our CC implementation really is. Given this rather straight-forward
patch builds fine, CC really is self-contained (yay!).
Change-Id: Idb8dd7a8d9d8b4a28c492f12da3cc3305b695cca
This function could be also used by other parts of code, e.g.
by gsm_04_11.c or by gsm_09_11.c, during initialization of
a new transaction. No need to hide it.
Change-Id: I9a9d17fca4901163dae10d76455aa4cf54497156
During a long time, we had both file and symbol names, actually
related to Supplementary Services, with the 'ussd' abbreviation.
This is not absolutely wrong, but isn't correct at the same time.
USSD is a kind of Supplementary Services, this is only a part
of them. There are also 'structured' Supplementary Services,
which can be call related or call independent.
The "Signalling interworking for supplementary services" is
defined by GSM TS 09.11, and this is exactly what MSC should
implement. Let's use the specification number for naming, as
we do e.g. in the GSM 04.11 (SMS) implementation.
Change-Id: Ic1eaceddb58132318e4e941be542da34b8ebefe1
Catched by osmo-gsm-tester running test voice:octphy.
Fixes following AddressSanitizer report:
==18864==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free on address 0x61a000016f18 at pc 0x55f1b29eee5c bp 0x7ffdaa2ac000 sp 0x7ffdaa2abff8
WRITE of size 8 at 0x61a000016f18 thread T0
#0 0x55f1b29eee5b in setup_trig_pag_evt osmo-msc/src/libmsc/gsm_04_08.c:1490
#1 0x55f1b2a086c1 in subscr_paging_dispatch osmo-msc/src/libmsc/gsm_subscriber.c:101
#2 0x7fb88e07c1c9 in osmo_timers_update libosmocore/src/timer.c:257
#3 0x7fb88e07f1b1 in osmo_select_main libosmocore/src/select.c:253
#4 0x55f1b29b600b in main osmo-msc/msc_main.c:694
#5 0x7fb88bebe2e0 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x202e0)
#6 0x55f1b29b69f9 in _start (osmo-msc/bin/osmo-msc+0xf09f9)
Related: OS#3198
Change-Id: Ie7fdca4d48e247c77a53e81aec2b6bacd8fef678
Take the chance to pass a var of type enum instead, so the compiler
warns us if a new enum value is added. For instance, if we remove
GSM_PAGING_EXPIRED from the switch statement:
src/libmsc/gsm_04_08.c:1463:2: warning: enumeration value ‘GSM_PAGING_EXPIRED’ not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
switch (paging_event) {
^~~~~~
Change-Id: I65d871704b9636c594dc982200fbe7f7ce6784f5
Instead of keeping separate enums for FSM results and translating between those
and the actual 04.08 reject causes that will ultimately reach the MS, just pass
enum gsm48_reject_value cause codes around everywhere.
Collapse some VLR *_timeout() and *_cancel() api to just *_cancel() with a
gsm48 cause arg.
(Hopefully) improve a few reject causes, but otherwise just aim for more
transparent decisions on which cause value is used, for future fixes of
returned causes.
Depends: I6661f139e68a498fb1bef10c266c2f064b72774a (libosmocore)
Change-Id: I27bf8d68737ff1f8dc6d11fb1eac3d391aab0cb1
Refactor:
1. Glue the gsm_subscriber_connection alloc to the subscr_conn_fsm.
2. Add separate AUTH_CIPH state to the FSM.
3. Use conn->use_count to trigger conn release.
4. Add separate RELEASING state to the FSM.
5. Add rate counters for each of the three Complete Layer 3 types.
Details:
1. Glue the gsm_subscriber_connection alloc to the subscr_conn_fsm.
Historically, a gsm_subscriber_connection was allocated in libbsc land, and
only upon Complete Layer 3 did libmsc add the fsm instance. After splitting
openbsc.git into a separate osmo-msc, this is no longer necessary, hence:
Closely tie gsm_subscriber_connection allocation to the subscr_conn_fsm
instance: talloc the conn as a child of the FSM instance, and discard the conn
as soon as the FSM terminates.
2. Add separate AUTH_CIPH state to the FSM.
Decoding the Complete Layer 3 message is distinctly separate from waiting for
the VLR FSMs to conclude. Use the NEW state as "we don't know if this is a
valid message yet", and the AUTH_CIPH state as "evaluating, don't release".
A profound effect of this: should we for any odd reason fail to leave the FSM's
NEW state, the conn will be released right at the end of msc_compl_l3(),
without needing to trigger release in each code path.
3. Use conn->use_count to trigger conn release.
Before, the FSM itself would hold a use count on the conn, and hence we would
need to ask it whether it is ready to release the conn yet by dispatching
events, to achieve a use_count decrement.
Instead, unite the FSM instance and conn, and do not hold a use count by the
FSM. Hence, trigger an FSM "UNUSED" event only when the use_count reaches zero.
As long as use counts are done correctly, the FSM will terminate correctly.
These exceptions:
- The new AUTH_CIPH state explicitly ignores UNUSED events, since we expect the
use count to reach zero while evaluating Authentication and Ciphering. (I
experimented with holding a use count by AUTH_CIPH onenter() and releasing by
onleave(), but the use count and thus the conn are released before the next
state can initiate transactions that would increment the use count again.
Same thing for the VLR FSMs holding a use count, they should be done before
we advance to the next state. The easiest is to simply expect zero use count
during the AUTH_CIPH state.)
- A CM Service Request means that even though the MSC would be through with all
it wants to do, we shall still wait for a request to follow from the MS.
Hence the FSM holds a use count on itself while a CM Service is pending.
- While waiting for a Release/Clear Complete, the FSM holds a use count on
itself.
4. Add separate RELEASING state to the FSM.
If we decide to release for other reasons than a use count reaching zero, we
still need to be able to wait for the msc_dtap() use count on the conn to
release.
(An upcoming patch will further use the RELEASING state to properly wait for
Clear Complete / Release Complete messages.)
5. Add rate counters for each of the three Complete Layer 3 types.
Besides LU, also count CM Service Request and Paging Response
acceptance/rejections. Without these counters, only very few of the auth+ciph
outcomes actually show in the counters.
Related: OS#3122
Change-Id: I55feb379e176a96a831e105b86202b17a0ffe889
So far we hit a running T308 during CC release when caused by a BSSMAP Clear
Request, and we loudly log that as error.
However, now I understand that T308 is a direct cause of the dispatch of a REL
IND towards MNCC, which is used to indicate teardown to MNCC. So during
_gsm48_cc_trans_free(), we first clear all timers, then invoke
mncc_release_ind() which starts another timer (useful for graceful CC Release,
but in this code path the intention is immediate release). Simply immediately
cancel the timer again and release the conn.
A separate question is whether a BSSMAP Clear Request should be less aggressive
in releasing the connections; i.e. instead of calling trans_free() all around,
to rather ask each transaction to "please stop soon", somehow.
Related: OS#3062
Change-Id: I231fdb574a086a206321148474cbdc7ca9cf39f0
The DLCI field of the DTAP header indicates the SAPI as well as the
data link (main DCCH or SACCH). We must make sure to use the correct
DLCI when sending DTAP to the BSC.
We achieve this by
* storing the DLCI in the msgb->cb while parsing the DTAP header
* storing the received DLCI (from msgb->cb) in the transaction for
mobile-originated transactions
* using the trans->dlci to sent msgb->cb when transmitting L3
* filling the DTAP DLCI value from msgb->cb when transmitting DTAP
For MSC-originated transactions, we choose a DLCI value corresponding
to the service (SAPI=0 for CC, SAPI=3 for SMS) and store that in
trans->dlci.
Closes: OS#3150
Change-Id: If511b20f52575054cab1346d99a8cb68d827fdbf
Instead of jumping through hoops to pass the Complete Layer 3 operation that
created this conn via FSM event dispatch parameters, put it right in the
gsm_subscriber_connection struct, where it always belonged.
Move definition of the enum complete_layer3_type to gsm_data.h, where
gsm_subscriber_connection is defined.
Introduce msc_subscr_conn_update_id() to set the complete_layer3_type of the
conn as soon as a Complete Layer 3 message is received.
In msc_subscr_conn_update_id(), already include an mi_string argument to
prepare for an upcoming patch where the FSM will be allocated much earlier when
the Mobile Identity is not known yet, and we'll also update the fi->id here.
The odd logging change in the msc_vlr_tests output uncovers a wrong use of the
osmo_fsm_inst_dispatch() data argument for SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE events: if a
child FSM signals unsuccessful result, instead of the failure cause, it passed
the complete_layer3_type, as requested upon FSM allocation, which was then
misinterpreted as a failure cause. Now a child FSM failure will pass NULL
instead, while other SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE events may still pass a valid cause
value.
Related: OS#3122
Change-Id: Iae30dd57a8861c4eaaf56999f872d4e635ba97fb
'subscr_conn_from' could mean anything: from what, RAN type? BSS identifier? MM
action? Clearly name it as the Complete Layer 3 kind it represents.
Related: OS#3122
Change-Id: I6263a80e6db01c2ca48df6c58b05e2fd19347057
Match osmo-bsc's naming of the subscriber connection's FSM instance; 'conn->fi'
makes more sense anyway than 'conn->conn_fsm'.
BTW, an upcoming commit will do away with the legacy from libbsc/libmsc duality
and firmly glue the conn allocation to the fi.
Related: OS#3122
Change-Id: If442f2ba78d9722b1065ec30c9a13f372b6a8caa
Move gsm48_* functions from common_cs.c to libmsc/gsm_04_08.c.
Drop sms_next_rp_msg_ref(), it is just a bunch of bloat around "next_rp_ref++".
Apply the "++" instead, in gsm_04_11.c.
libcommon-cs is now empty, to be removed in subsequent commit.
Change-Id: Ibc410803ce8e273b626124ab9fc934f04df3ae50
classmark_is_r99() is only used in gsm_04_08.c, move there as static.
rrlp_mode_* is only used in msc_vty.c, move there as static.
Move ran_type_names[] to msc_ifaces.c.
Change-Id: I5381c72af6841829fbc65940fd7d6f4d5cf583df
gsm_04_08.c seems to contain some lines of old debug code that
is commented out. Presumably the commented lines are a leftover
from a debug session.
- remove those commented code lines
Change-Id: Ifb84e4b0696fef1326c3f9ebc8427581057db44f
Since commit 2483f1b050 the function
gsm48_tx_mm_info() was not called anymore. No MM info messages were
transmitted to phones even if MM info messages were enabled via VTY.
With this commit, we call gsm48_tx_mm_info() after successfully
processing an IMSI ATTACH location update.
Change-Id: Ice5963d84253eb8c803cd2dfa8b25a4db5382827
Related: OS#2850
Do not interpret the SRES/RES length returned in the auth response as the R99
capability bit, instead determine it from the actual Classmark information
associated with the conn.
This fixes the is_r99 flag passed in to vlr_subscr_rx_auth_resp(), which ends
up in the struct vlr_auth_resp_par dispatched to the auth_fi and influences the
authentication acceptance.
Though the effect of a wrongly-set-to-false R99 flag is not harmful in this
code path, let's not get this confused.
Change-Id: Ib7f7d89a8b9455d2c022d53d74328fa7488577f4
Instead of just closing down the conn hard, actually feed invalid auth response
data to vlr_subscr_rc_auth_resp() in order to trigger all the actions we want
to see with a failed authentication:
- a GSUP signal that the auth failed,
- a LU reject.
Verify this in new test_wrong_sres_length() in msc_vlr_test_gsm_authen.c.
Note that in gsm48_rx_mm_auth_resp(), the is_r99 flag is falsely derived from
the RES length, which upcoming commit Ib7f7d89a8b9455d2c022d53d74328fa7488577f4
will fix.
Change-Id: I4179a290069ac61d0662de4ec7ca3edb76988899
The vlr_subscr_get() can return NULL if its argument is NULL
(which isn't checked for) so before dereferencing it's result
we should check for it.
Change-Id: I13632908d0b67323202effa9dd6f29732a12cc91
Actually call msc_vlr_set_ciph_mode() and wrap away a_iface_tx_cipher_mode()
and ranap_iu_tx_sec_mode_cmd(). Hence we'll see decisions and errors in
msc_vlr_set_ciph_mode() as well.
Change-Id: Id23bc245d4b5707edcd27c44db272fbb211bf9bd
Add 3-digit flags and use the new RAI and LAI API from libosmocore throughout
the code base to be able to handle an MNC < 100 that has three digits (leading
zeros).
Depends: Id2240f7f518494c9df6c8bda52c0d5092f90f221 (libosmocore),
Ib7176b1d65a03b76f41f94bc9d3293a8a07d24c6 (libosmocore)
Change-Id: I82f0016d9512ee8722a3489a3cb4b6c704a271fc
When we receive bearer capabilities from MNCC and encode thme into
a CC message, we have to also update our "cache" inside 'struct
gsm_trans'. Only that way, the BSSMAP ASSIGNMENT code is aware of
the actual current/present bearer capabilities such as permitted speech
codecs.
This will in practise only work if the related CC/MNCC message with
berer_cap IE will happen before the MSC performs the BSSMAP ASSIGNMENT
procedure. Our logic still needs to change in a way that the CC/MNCC
code in gsm_04_08.c detects if trans->bearer_cap != new bearer_cap, and
in that case triggers a new follow-up BSSMAP ASSIGNMENT.
Change-Id: I6838dc0c8c4c2c6bba385da548c92f3fc91060c1
Closes: OS#2854
When we receive a MNCC_SETUP_REQ primitive from the external MNCC
handler, we must not only encode it into the TS 04.08 CC SETUP, but
also keep it around in the "trans" structure representing this voice
call, as it is needed e.g. at BSSMAP ASSIGNMENT time.
Change-Id: Ib6919d148ff6687112e8166dbde947be19e70a76
Related: OS#2322
Closes: OS#2929
As in GSM/3GPP networks emergency calls carry no explicit destination
number/address, add a VTY commadn to patch in some destination handler
in the EMERGENCY SETUP before delivering to [internal or external] MNCC.
Change-Id: I7c9f43ba312fadda2b9a9483b3cf50e4abca9599
in the current implementation we still use osmo-bsc_mgcp, which
has many problems and is also obsoleted by osmo-mgw.
integrate osmo-mgw and re-implement the current switching using
an osmo fsm.
Depends: osmo-mgw Iab6a6038e7610c62f34e642cd49c93d11151252c
Depends: osmo-iuh I3c1a0455c5f25cae41ee19229d6daf299e023062
Closes: OS#2605
Change-Id: Ieea9630358b3963261fa1993cf1f3b563ff23538
Using following semantic patch:
@@ expression A, B, C; @@
- osmo_strlcpy(A, B, sizeof(A));
+ OSMO_STRLCPY_ARRAY(A, B);
Which was applied using following command:
spatch --dir src -I src --sp-file strlcpy.spatch --in-place --recursive-includes
All the calls to osmo_strlcpy() which use destination buffer obtained
via sizeof() were replaced with the corresponding wrapper macro.
Change-Id: I67b482dedfa11237ac21894fc5930039e12434ab
Related: OS#2864
According to TS 24.007 Section 11.2.3.2.3, it is possible that uplink L3
messages are duplicated in some scenarios, particularly during
assignment/handover procedure.
To avoid L3 entities from seeing duplicated messages, there's a modulo-2
or modulo-4 message sequence counter, based on which the MSC can detect
and suppress such duplicate messages.
It appears that even our unit tests were wrong in that regard so far.
Rather than manually adjusting each and every message, let's make sure
that the sequence number generation always increments as expected, and
that during matching of incoming messages, sequence numbers are masked
out.
Note: the tests will only pass from libosmocore Change-Id
Iec875a77f5458322dfbef174f5abfc0e8c09d464 onwards, due to
gsm48_hdr_msg_type() being broken in earlier versions.
Change-Id: Id15e399ab7e1b05dcd426b292886fa19d36082b1
Closes: #2908
There's no point of ever asking a MS to perform ciphering using an
algorithm it advertises no support for. Let's hence use CLASSMARK
information to figure out the intersection between MSC policy (VTY
command) and MS-reported CLASSMARK.
Change-Id: Id124923ee52a357cb7d3e04d33f585214774f3a3
So far, the administrator had to pick one particular cipher which
would then be used throughout all subscribers/phones. This is a bit
impractical, as e.g. not all phones support A5/3. Extend the VTY
command syntax in a backwards-compatible way to permit for multiple
ciphers.
NOTE: Like the previous code, OsmoMSC does *not yet check* whether
the configured cipher is compatible with the MS capabilities as
reported in CLASSMARK! The network hence might choose an algorithm
not supported by the phone. Fixing this is subject to another patch.
Closes: OS#2460
Change-Id: I79a4e2892eb5fbecc3d84e11dceffb7149db264b
The VLR code seems to have the assumption that there is one particular
algorithm to be used, as opposed to one of a set of algorithms.
What's missing is basically to decide when/where to pick the best
algorithm within the capabilities of the phone (classmark) and the
network configuration (net->a5_encryption_mask). So far, libvlr has no
notion of classmark. Rather, libmsc has.
Why does the VLR care about the particular algorithm at all? The VLR
should probably simply decide if it should use encryption or not, and if
so, the MSC will figure which algorithm to use.
Change-Id: I5ed80ca2086560a5975a758ec568a034a9a8ab89
osmo-msc still had large amounts of dead code that came along from
openbsc.git. This commit removes a lot of it, mostly stuff relevant
only to the BSC side of things (or even GPRS).
Change-Id: I247def85da2dc3ec461389fb74414a0d964e7e3c
Related: OS#2528
Even if we're not implementing CM re-establishment, we should give
the MS a clear indication that we don't do and follow the related
procedures of TS 24.008 by sending CM SERVICE REJECT.
Closes: OS#2869
Change-Id: I1c0473647295456fd635b8df6079ee48695dcf2e
When we receive a CM Service Request, OsmoMSC should eventually verify
what kind of service it is the phone requests, and whether we support
that service.
Change-Id: I499730d760dc9ac7f599e09959c6eac4452f2eab
Closes: OS#2668
OsmoMSC rejects an Emergency Call with IMEI as mobile identity with
"semantically incorrect message" which is clearly wrong. According to TS
24.008 4.5.1.5 we should reject with cause 5 "IMEI not accepted"
Found with TTCN-3 test case MSC_Tests.TC_emerg_call_imei
Change-Id: I2f7ab0e32b914a112c0b17c523d149ccd0299099
Closes: #2866
MNCC has a MNCC_F_EMERGENCY flag to indicate that the mncc.emergency
field is present. However, OsmoMSC never sets this flag.
Change-Id: I0ebd8f88e483172988f4a0cb0636b4160688d8ad
Closes: OS#2865
An emergency call should be logged different from a normal call,
and we also increase the log level from INFO to NOTICE in such a
situation.
Change-Id: I83f3b8bd0aeda70f03aa7b8d264a9008d10d5687
* move log helpers to generic header
* log subscriber update
It's handy for troubleshooting issues with subscriber update via GSUP
from HLR.
Change-Id: I1958aeeb3ea99831c7e2c5ee9a6b59834baf4520
This avoids potential licensing incompatibility and makes integration of
Debian packaging patches easier.
Related: OS#1694
Change-Id: I71cd631704a4dc155c6c752fee2a42cd6e2fa336
It's not clear cut which code is responsible for canceling pending requests,
since the requests list is kept in vlr_subscr, but sending out Paging does
certainly not belong in the VLR. Place the requests cleanup in gsm_04_08.c.
Add to test_ms_timeout_paging() in msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.c to verify that a
pending paging is canceled on IMSI Detach.
Change-Id: Ib8874a9d92f02b0826525b55518332f6899688fd
In case of UMTS AKA, the Kc for ciphering must be derived from the 3G auth
tokens. tuple->vec.kc was calculated from the GSM algorithm and is not
necessarily a match for the UMTS AKA tokens.
So far we were always sending the Kc retrieved from osmo-hlr. If the 2G auth
algo is set to milenage, the 2G Kc coincides with the one derived from 3G
tokens, but if 2G is set to a different algorithm, the Kc received from the
osmo-hlr is not usable for ciphering when UMTS AKA was used for authentication
(on R99 capable GERAN and MS).
Implementation: To decide whether to use UMTS AKA derived Kc or the Kc from the
auth vector, use the umts_aka flag added to set_ciph_mode() in a previous
patch. Use osmo_auth_c3() to derive the GSM AKA Kc from the UMTS AKA CK and KI.
Related: OS#2745
Requires: I85a1d6ae95ad9e5ce9524ef7fc06414848afc2aa (libosmocore)
Change-Id: If04e405426c55a81341747a9b450a69188525d5c
In case of UMTS AKA, the Kc for ciphering must be derived from the 3G auth
tokens. tuple->vec.kc was calculated from the GSM algorithm and is not
necessarily a match for the UMTS AKA tokens.
To decide (in an upcoming patch) whether to use UMTS AKA derived Kc or the Kc
from the auth vector, the set_ciph_mode() from vlr_ops needs to know whether
UMTS AKA is being used. This could possibly derived from the msc_conn_ref, but
all flags are already available in the vlr_lu_fsm and vlr_access_req_fsm. Hence
add a umts_aka flag to the set_ciph_mode() callback invocation. The VLR FSMs
thus decide whether UMTS AKA or GSM AKA is to be used during Ciphering Mode
Command, which makes more sense than re-implementing the same decision process
in the MSC.
I considered placing the Kc derivation in vlr_set_ciph_mode() and only tell the
MSC's set_ciph_mode() implementation the precise keys it should use, but the
RAN particulars, and whether a Kc is used at all, rather belong with the MSC.
Related: OS#2745
Prepares: If04e405426c55a81341747a9b450a69188525d5c
Change-Id: I983c48347faf4ee1b405d8174b4e006c904157cf
Neels Hofmeyr
Harald Welte
Pau Espin
Philipp Maier